Darwin_Charles_OOS.html -- M

N	Coord.	Preceding Context	WORD
1			m.g.lewis
	5438.35	A RESIDENCE IN THE WEST INDIES. By	M.G.LEWIS. SKETCHES OF PERSIA. By SIR JOHN
1			m'culloch
	5934.84	of his Life and Writings. By J. R.	M'CULLOCH. New Edition. 8vo. 16s. [page
1			macedonia
	5304.52	Ionian Islands, Albania, Thessaly, and	Macedonia. Maps. Post 8vo. 15s. —— TURKEYMALTA
2			machinery
	784.382	constitutional difference, on the whole	machinery of life. Man selects only for his own
	4776.31	s. 6d. BABBAGE'S (CHARLES) Economy of	Machinery and Manufactures. Fourth Edition. Fcap
2			macleay
	3159.216	and he has been ably followed by	Macleay and others. The resemblance, in the
	4160.0	trees in Nova Scotia, 296. M.	Macleay on analogical characters, 427. Madeira
1			macrauchenia
	2474.313	changed: if the Megatherium, Mylodon,	Macrauchenia, and Toxodon had been brought to Europe
1			madagascar
	5084.33	d. —mdash (REV. W.) Three Visits to	Madagascar. During 1853,-54, and -56, including a
32			madeira
	548.1711	varieties. On the islets of the little	Madeira group there are many insects which are
	552.676	the Continent and the Azores, or	Madeira, or the Canaries, or Ireland, be
	576.317	of certain fossil land-shells in	Madeira. If a variety were to flourish so as to
	940.53	perhaps, it comes that the flora of	Madeira, according to Oswald Heer, resembles
	1149.232	out of the 550 species inhabiting	Madeira, are so far deficient in wings that
	1149.540	to sea and perish; that the beetles in	Madeira, as observed by Mr. Wollaston, lie much
	1153.131	larger on the exposed Dezertas than in	Madeira itself; and especially the
	1153.489	that the wingless condition of so many	Madeira beetles is mainly due to the action of
	1155.15	have been destroyed. The insects in	Madeira which are not ground-feeders, and which
	1161.694	of vision. In the same manner as in	Madeira the wings of some of the insects have
	2412.1132	land-shells and coleopterous insects of	Madeira having come to differ considerably from
	2584.1382	the extinct and living land-shells of	Madeira; and between the extinct and living
	2924.249	number of the endemic land-shells in	Madeira, or of the endemic birds in the
	2928.476	or occasionally this island.	Madeira does not possess one peculiar bird, and
	2928.672	that these two islands of Bermuda and	Madeira have been stocked by birds, which for
	2928.1002	been little liable to modification.	Madeira, again, is inhabited by a wonderful
	2928.1457	sea. The different orders of insects in	Madeira apparently present analogous facts
	2942.710	for frogs have been introduced into	Madeira, the Azores, and Mauritius, and have
	2994.1851	bearing on this subject; namely, that	Madeira and the adjoining islet of [page
	2998.191	transported from Porto Santo to	Madeira, yet this latter island has not become
	3691.22	parasitic, 218. Beetles, wingless, in	Madeira, 135. ——with deficient tarsi
	3701.4	fossil, in caves of Brazil, 339. —of	Madeira, Bermuda, and Galapagos, 390. ——, song
	4010.37	Harcourt, Mr. E. V., on the birds of	Madeira, 391. Hartung, M., on boulders in the
	4015.23	vegetation, 72, Heer, O., on plants of	Madeira, 107. Helix pomatia, 397. Helosciadium
	4116.4	Land-shells, distribution of, 397. —of	Madeira, naturalised, 402. Languages
	4151.21	water shells, 385. —, on land-shells of	Madeira, 402. MONGRELS. Lyell and Dawson on
	4161.0	Macleay on analogical characters, 427.	Madeira, plants of, 107. ——, beetles of
	4399.4	fresh-water, dispersal of, 385. —of	Madeira, 391, —, land, distribution of
	4578.41	on fossil varieties of land-shells in	Madeira, 52. ——, on colours of insects on sea
	4583.21	insects, 389. —, on land-shells of	Madeira, naturalised, 402. Wolves, varieties of
	4766.59	OBSERVATIONS for the LONGITUDE of	MADEIRA. 1822. 4to. 5s. 39. ——— CHRONOMETRICAL
	5253.37	HARCOURT'S (EDWARD VERNON) Sketch of	Madeira; with Map and Plates. Post 8vo. 8s. 6d
4			madras
	5268.93	Calcutta to Bombay, with a Journey to	Madras and the Southern Provinces. 2 Vols
	5312.28	Svo. 24s. —— INDIA.Part 1. Bombay and	Madras. Map. 2 Vols. Post8vo. 24s
	5460.13	By REV. G. R. GLEIG. LETTERS FROM	MADRAS. By a LADY. HIGHLAND SPORTS. By
	5602.4	By a LADY. Post 8vo. 2s. 6d. ———	Madras; or, First Impressions of Life and
1			madrid
	5664.121	ALEXANDER STANHOPE, British Minister at	Madrid from 1690 to 1700. Second Edition. Post
1			magellan
	2657.736	manner. The plains near the Straits of	Magellan are inhabited by one species of Rhea
1			magician's
	435.761	but to change it altogether. It is the	magician's wand, by means of which he may summon
3			magnetical
	4692.4	Years' Catalogue of Stars. 10s. ———	MAGNETICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
	4694.4	to 1847. Royal 4to. 50s. each. ———	MAGNETICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 1848 to
	4696.21	to. 8s. each. 5. ——— ASTRONOMICAL,	MAGNETICAL, AND METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
1			magnificent
	3251.791	constructed natatory legs, a pair of	magnificent compound eyes, and extremely complex
2			magpie
	1681.1053	not more fearful than small; and the	magpie, so wary in England, is tame in Norway
	4165.0	land-shells of, 339. ——, birds of, 390.	Magpie tame in Norway, 212. Maize, crossed
1			mahomedan
	5100.64	History of India—the Hindoo and	Mahomedan Periods. Fourth Edition. With an Index
3			mahon
	5104.92	Peace of Versailles, 1713—83. By LORD	MAHON. Library Edition, 7 Vols. 8vo, 93s.; or
	5448.39	LIFE OF LOUIS PRINCE OF CONDE. By LORD	MAHON. GIPSIES OF SPAIN. By GEORGE BORROW
	5496.27	CAMPBELL. HISTORICAL ESSAYS. By LORD	MAHON. LONDON & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. By
3			mahons
	5654.0	Plates. 4 Vols. Post 8vo. 24s.	MAHONS (LORD) History of England, from the
	5786.0	s. MIUIAINS FALL OF JERUSALEM. 1s.	MAHONS "FORTY-FIVE." 3s. LIFE OF THEODORE
	5804.0	s. 6d. HALLAMS LITERARY ESSAYS. 2s.	MAHONS JOAN OF ARC. 1s. HEAD'S EMIGRANT. 2s
16			mainland
	200.208	of islands to those of the nearest	mainland — On colonisation from the nearest
	548.1572	and with those from the American	mainland, I was much struck how entirely vague
	2687.874	species on islands and on the	mainland, though separated by hundreds of miles
	2707.372	have united almost every island to some	mainland. If indeed the arguments used by Forbes
	2743.526	of other oceanic islands nearer to the	mainland, and (as remarked by Mr. H. C. Watson
	2753.128	though standing more remote from the	mainland, would not receive colonists by similar
	2944.598	as it lies on a bank connected with the	mainland; moreover, icebergs formerly brought
	2948.1580	at the distance of 600 miles from the	mainland. I hear from Mr. Tomes, who has
	2954.244	an island from the neighbouring	mainland, and the presence in both of the same
	2958.206	united within a recent period to the	mainland than islands separated by deeper
	2968.127	their affinity to those of the nearest	mainland, without being actually the same
	2978.686	related to Australia, the nearest	mainland, than to any other region: and this is
	3018.595	or island to those of the nearest	mainland,—are, I think, utterly inexplicable on
	3038.786	of the sea between an island and the	mainland. We can clearly see why all the
	3510.842	animals of the neighbouring American	mainland; and those of the Cape de Verde
	3510.936	other African islands to the African	mainland. It must be admitted that these facts
1			mainland—on
	2878.202	of islands to those of the nearest	mainland—On colonisation from the nearest source
19			mainly
	353.206	one or several species. The argument	mainly relied on by those who believe in the
	413.589	Thirdly, those characters which are	mainly distinctive of each breed, for instance
	824.183	or ornament, such differences have been	mainly caused by sexual selection; that is
	1080.544	of new and modified descendants, will	mainly lie between the larger groups, which
	1149.97	of structure which are wholly, or	mainly, due to natural selection. Mr
	1153.508	condition of so many Madeira beetles is	mainly due to the action of natural selection
	1257.1487	c., these being the points now	mainly attended to by English fanciers. Even
	1293.830	closely connected together. All being	mainly due to the species of the same group
	1394.325	only state that I believe the answer	mainly lies in the record being incomparably
	1825.289	and the security of the hive is known	mainly to depend on a large number of bees
	2068.321	on, are ranked by Sagaret, who	mainly founds his classification by the test
	2235.46	imperfection in the geological record	mainly results from another and more important
	2379.626	that the great oceans are still	mainly areas of subsidence, the great
	2886.535	the dispersal of fresh-water fish	mainly to slight changes within the recent
	2910.1325	or in some degree modified, I believe	mainly depends on the wide dispersal of their
	2978.469	on the view that this island has been	mainly stocked by seeds brought with earth and
	3095.60	classification, of trifling characters,	mainly depends on their being correlated with
	3289.1183	modifying an organ, such influence will	mainly affect the mature animal, which has
	3426.113	see much variability. This seems to be	mainly due to the reproductive system being
5			maintain
	48.49	or an ill-applied moderation, think or	maintain, that a man can search too far or be
	912.816	formed on any one spot, and might there	maintain itself in a body, so that whatever
	2104.440	I think those authors are right, who	maintain that the ass has a prepotent power over
	2426.515	all strongly opposed to such views as I	maintain) admit its truth; and the rule strictly
	3271.237	Some authors who have written on Dogs,	maintain that the greyhound and bulldog, though
6			maintained
	1225.900	in a state of nature it can hardly be	maintained that the law is of universal
	2143.101	might be justly urged against the views	maintained in this volume. Most of them have now
	2385.685	c., have unanimously, often vehemently,	maintained the immutability of species. But I have
	2452.130	each new species, is produced and	maintained by having some advantage over those
	2972.1752	creation; whereas on the view here	maintained, it is obvious that the Galapagos
	3530.282	and well-marked varieties. It cannot be	maintained that species when intercrossed are
7			maize
	2066.249	during several years a dwarf kind of	maize with yellow seeds, and a tall variety
	2066.740	has suspected that these varieties of	maize are distinct species; and it is
	2068.71	varieties of gourd, which like the	maize has separated sexes, and he asserts
	2759.752	are now clothed by the vine and	maize. Throughout a large part of the United
	2809.420	descent; and in Sikkim, Dr. Hooker saw	maize growing on gigantic ancient moraines
	3963.12	on reciprocal crosses, 258. —on crossed	maize and verbascum, 270. —on comparison of
	4165.28	of, 390. Magpie tame in Norway, 212.	Maize, crossed, 270. Malay Archipelago
1			majesty
	417.441	continues the courtly historian, "His	Majesty by crossing the breeds, which method
2			major
	1472.1094	own country the larger titmouse (Parus	major) may be [page] 184 DIFFICULTIES ON
	4268.38	degrees of utility of, 201. Parus	major, 183. Passiflora, 251. Peaches in
11			majority
	544.227	however, in many cases, decide by a	majority of naturalists, for few well-marked and
	590.827	that my tables show even a small	majority on the side of the larger genera. I
	673.795	of life; and this period in the great	majority of cases is an early one. If an animal
	864.1071	do not habitually pair, and a vast	majority of plants are hermaphrodites. What
	884.122	to seed near each other, a large	majority, as I have found, of the seedlings thus
	2351.215	period. This group includes the large	majority of existing species. Lately, Professor
	2681.565	only on the view that the great	majority of species have been produced on one
	2699.28	CHAP. XI. a single parent. But in the	majority of cases, namely, with all organisms
	2717.701	and to place them on sea water. The	majority sank quickly, but some which whilst
	2787.386	the Glacial epoch, and whilst the	majority of the inhabitants of the world were
	3540.409	which are still thus looked at by the	majority of naturalists, and which consequently
11			makes
	272.123	origin of species and varieties, if he	makes due allowance for our profound
	560.598	has been studied; yet a German author	makes more than a dozen species out of forms
	1098.221	offspring that superiority which now	makes them dominant in their own countries
	1351.623	or at least for an unknown, cause. It	makes the works of God a mere mockery and
	1657.968	found it was with a caterpillar, which	makes a very complicated hammock; for if he
	1717.560	cuckoo is in this predicament; for she	makes her own nest and has eggs and young
	1725.574	although the Tachytes nigra generally	makes its own burrow and stores it with
	1910.354	of some degree of sterility. Kölreuter	makes the rule universal; but then he cuts
	1914.55	ranks them as varieties. Gärtner, also,	makes the rule equally universal; and he
	1956.706	are quite fertile together; and analogy	makes me greatly doubt, whether the several
	2904.967	I do not know the fact, yet analogy	makes me believe that a heron flying to
28			making
	258.282	plants would offer the best chance of	making out this obscure problem. Nor have I
	349.185	such facts would have great weight in	making us doubt about the immutability of the
	369.219	state. Moreover, the possibility of	making distinct races by crossing has been
	548.549	ranked by botanists as species; and in	making this list he has omitted many trifling
	1084.1274	all the descendants of the same species	making a class, we can understand how it is
	1590.1158	of structure in every living creature (	making some little allowance for the direct
	1649.223	an instinct as that of the hive-bee	making its cells will probably have occurred
	1669.579	can do. I have been surprised to find,	making allowance for the instincts of animals
	1729.39	see no difficulty in natural selection	making an occasional habit permanent, if of
	1731.474	do no other work. They are incapable of	making their own nests, or of feeding their
	1737.315	and odious an instinct as that of	making slaves. Hence I will give the
	1741.435	habitually work with their masters in	making the nest, and they alone open and close
	1755.104	in regard to the wonderful instinct of	making slaves. Let it be observed what a
	1755.871	the slaves and masters work together,	making and bringing materials for the nest
	1767.512	them short tubes of wax, and likewise	making separate and very irregular rounded
	1781.811	her fellow-labourers when several are	making their spheres; but she is already so
	1819.358	insect (as in the case of a queen-wasp)	making hexagonal cells, if she work
	1889.42	ejecting its foster-brothers,—ants	making slaves,—the larvæ of ichneumonidæ
	1972.174	parallelism between the difficulty of	making a first cross, and the sterility of the
	1986.301	possible difference in the facility of	making reciprocal crosses. Such cases are
	1986.1348	that this difference of facility in	making reciprocal crosses is extremely common
	1994.696	And lastly, that the facility of	making a first cross between any two species
	2165.1114	sea at work grinding down old rocks and	making fresh sediment, before he can hope to
	2199.1		making altogether 72,584 feet; that is, very
	2502.60	connected with this subject worth	making. I have given my reasons for believing
	2898.967	not be washed off their feet; when	making land, they would be sure to fly to
	3191.1892	We shall certainly never succeed in	making [page] 433 CHAP. XIII. CLASSIFICATION
	4055.12	nature of instincts, 208. —, on slave	making ants, 219. ——, on Melipona domestica
2			malacca
	2823.1107	along the heights of the peninsula of	Malacca, and are thinly scattered, on the one
	5844.30	s. 6d. NEWBOLD'S (LIEUT.) Straits of	Malacca, Penang, and Singapore. 2 Vols.8vo. 26s
12			malay
	240.23	INTRODUCTION. natural history of the	Malay archipelago, has arrived at almost
	1331.1021	and from Norway in the north to the	Malay Archipelago in the south. In all parts
	1574.498	selection. A trailing bamboo in the	Malay Archipelago climbs the loftiest trees
	2307.579	under an imaginary illustration. The	Malay Archipelago is of about the size of
	2307.914	that the present condition of the	Malay Archipelago, with its numerous large
	2307.1100	our formations were accumulating. The	Malay Archipelago is one of the richest
	2351.1449	at present. Even at this day, if the	Malay Archipelago were converted into land
	2954.459	on this head in regard to the great	Malay Archipelago, which is traversed near
	3870.21	Dyticus, 386. E. Earl, Mr. W., on the	Malay Archipelago, 395. Ears, drooping, in
	3978.80	fossil, 368. Godwin-Austen, Mr., on the	Malay Archipelago, 299. Goethe on
	4166.0	in Norway, 212. Maize, crossed, 270.	Malay Archipelago compared with Europe
	4548.10	distribution, 355. —, on the	Malay Archipelago, 395. Wasp, sting of
3			malcolm
	4828.126	to the present state of the law. By R.	MALCOLM KERR, LL.D. 4 Vols. 8vo, 42s. ——— (The
	4830.145	and the RIGHTS OF PERSONS. By R.	MALCOLM KERR,, LLD. Post 8vo. 9s. BLAINE
	5440.32	LEWIS. SKETCHES OF PERSIA. By SIR JOHN	MALCOLM. THE FRENCH IN ALGIERS. By LADY DUFF
1			malcolms
	5680.0	Second Edition. 8vo. 16s. [page] 23	MALCOLMS (SIR JOHN) Sketches of Persia. Third
1			malconformation
	1197.517	of the adult; in the same manner as any	malconformation affecting the early embryo, seriously
1			malconformations
	1205.136	has forcibly remarked, that certain	malconformations very frequently, and that others rarely
3			male-ass
	1986.144	crossed with a female-ass, and then a	male-ass with a mare: these two species may then
	2104.624	prepotency runs more strongly in the	male-ass than in [page] 275 CHAP. VIII. HYBRIDS
	2108.60	the mule, which is the offspring of the	male-ass and mare, is more like an ass, than is
51			males
	327.562	us, that peculiarities appearing in the	males of our domestic breeds are often
	327.665	or in a much greater degree, to	males alone. A much more important rule
	381.1449	Lastly, in certain breeds, the	males and females have come to differ to a
	784.985	He does not allow the most vigorous	males to struggle for the females. He does
	816.161	but on a struggle between the	males for possession of the females; the
	816.378	selection. Generally, the most vigorous	males, those which are best fitted for their
	816.1292	wounds from the huge mandibles of other	males. The war is, perhaps, severest between
	816.1341	war is, perhaps, severest between the	males of polygamous animals, and these seem
	816.1429	provided with special weapons. The	males of carnivorous animals are already well
	822.55	is the severest rivalry between the	males of many species to attract by singing
	822.202	some others, congregate; and successive	males display their gorgeous plumage and
	822.981	the most melodious or beautiful	males, according to their standard of beauty
	822.1471	ages or seasons, either by the	males alone, or by the males and females; but
	822.1494	either by the males alone, or by the	males and females; but I have not space here
	824.40	Thus it is, as I believe, that when the	males and females of any animal have the same
	824.238	sexual selection; that is, individual	males have had, in successive generations
	828.0	page] 90 NATURAL SELECTION. CHAP. IV.	males, in their weapons, means of defence, or
	828.436	believe to be either useful to the	males in battle, or attractive to the females
	1090.1326	to the most vigorous and best adapted	males the greatest number of offspring
	1090.1423	will also give characters useful to the	males alone, in their struggles with other
	1090.1466	alone, in their struggles with other	males. Whether natural selection has really
	1245.1583	of reproduction. The rule applies to	males and females; but as females more rarely
	1281.428	the amount of difference between the	males of gallinaceous birds, in which
	1285.134	fewer offspring to the less favoured	males. Whatever the cause may be of the
	1291.166	species to each other, or to fit the	males and females to different habits of life
	1291.220	to different habits of life, or the	males to struggle with other males for the
	1291.249	or the males to struggle with other	males for the possession of the females
	1540.107	differently constructed from either the	males or fertile females; but this case will
	1606.674	wonderful power of scent by which the	males of many insects find their females, can
	1723.418	another; and these are hatched by the	males. This instinct may probably be
	1731.306	become extinct in a single year. The	males and fertile females do no work. The
	1737.486	and found a few slaves in all.	Males and fertile females of the slave
	1837.482	instinct and in structure from both the	males and fertile females, and yet, from
	1839.770	ants differing widely from both the	males and the fertile females in structure
	1851.756	the community: consequently the fertile	males and females of the same community
	1853.160	not only from the fertile females and	males, but from each other, sometimes to an
	1859.385	possible, different from the fertile	males and females,—in this case, we may
	1863.916	most useful to the community, and those	males and females had been continually
	1885.601	cock-nests," to roost in, like the	males of our distinct Kitty-wrens,—a habit
	2048.179	crosses, that is crosses between the	males and females of the same species which
	2048.486	crosses, that is crosses between	males and females which have become widely or
	3141.343	fact can be predicated in common of the	males and hermaphrodites of certain
	3147.106	of the same species, though the	males and females and larvæ are sometimes
	3251.1679	or into what I have called complemental	males: and in the latter, the development has
	3309.214	mammæ are very general in the	males of mammals: I presume that the "bastard
	3315.585	become well developed in full-grown	males, and having secreted milk. So again
	3440.87	in most cases be a struggle between the	males for possession of the females. The most
	3440.370	of defence, or on the charms of the	males; and the slightest advantage will lead
	3615.12	Algæ of New Zealand, 376. Alligators,	males, fighting, 88. Amblyopsis, blind fish
	3702.12	and Galapagos, 390. ——, song of	males, 89. ——transporting seeds
	4368.9	S. Sageret on grafts, 262. Salmons,	males fighting, and hooked jaws of, 88. Salt
3			malpighiaceæ
	3095.1013	Certain plants, belonging to the	Malpighiaceæ, bear perfect and degraded flowers; in
	3095.1566	should still be retained amongst the	Malpighiaceæ. This case seems to me well to
	4167.20	with Europe, 299. —, mammals of, 395.	Malpighiaceæ, 417. Mammæ, rudimentary, 451. Mammals
2			malthus
	264.54	be treated of. This is the doctrine of	Malthus, applied to the whole animal and
	653.723	of life. It is the doctrine of	Malthus applied with manifold force to the
3			mammæ
	3309.184	nature. For instance, rudimentary	mammæ are very general in the males of
	3315.470	this seems to be the case with the	mammæ of male mammals, for many instances are
	4168.0	mammals of, 395. Malpighiaceæ, 417.	Mammæ, rudimentary, 451. Mammals, fossil, in
10			mammal
	365.612	Britain has now hardly one peculiar	mammal, and France but few distinct from those
	772.831	of a single introduced tree or	mammal has been shown to be. But in the case
	2339.507	of the secondary series; and one true	mammal has been discovered in the new red
	2677.1154	find no inexplicable cases of the same	mammal inhabiting distant points of the world
	2677.1450	points, why do we not find a single	mammal common to Europe and Australia or South
	2944.196	free from doubt, of a terrestrial	mammal (excluding domesticated animals kept by
	2948.1318	easily be answered; for no terrestrial	mammal can be transported across a wide space
	3239.492	cannot now tell whether it be that of a	mammal, bird, or reptile. The vermiform larvæ
	3245.210	to similar conditions,—in the young	mammal which is nourished in the womb of its
	3518.999	at the embryo of an air-breathing	mammal or bird having branchial slits and
3			mammalia
	1205.811	that if we pick out the two orders of	mammalia which are most abnormal in their dermal
	1245.1030	a most abnormal structure in the class	mammalia; but the rule would not here apply
	5870.138	Osteology and Palæontology of the class	Mammalia, delivered at the Metropolitan School
2			mammalian
	2954.581	space separates two widely distinct	mammalian faunas. On either side the islands are
	2958.361	sea and the degree of affinity of the	mammalian inhabitants of islands with those of a
58			mammals
	200.128	of Batrachians and of terrestrial	Mammals — On the relation of the inhabitants of
	1002.767	our carnivorous, ruminant, and rodent	mammals, could successfully compete with these
	1002.856	pronounced orders. In the Australian	mammals, we see the process of diversification
	1464.162	seeing that we have flying birds and	mammals, flying insects of the most diversified
	1574.1342	The sutures in the skulls of young	mammals have been advanced as a beautiful
	2233.545	a proportion of the bones of tertiary	mammals have been discovered either in caves or
	2339.282	not many years ago, the great class of	mammals was always spoken of as having abruptly
	2339.439	richest known accumulations of fossil	mammals belongs to the middle of the secondary
	2408.332	associated with many strange and lost	mammals and reptiles in the sub-Himalayan
	2444.683	certain from the analogy of all other	mammals, even of the slow-breeding elephant
	2514.1012	as the two most distinct orders of	mammals; but Owen has discovered so many fossil
	2526.67	the older Cephalopods, and the eocene	Mammals, with the more recent members of the
	2578.249	for instance, that the oldest known	mammals, reptiles, and fish strictly belong to
	2584.90	many years ago showed that the fossil	mammals from the Australian caves were closely
	2584.448	striking manner that most of the fossil	mammals, buried there in such numbers, are
	2584.952	extended the same generalisation to the	mammals of the Old World. We see the same law
	2590.539	the law of distribution of terrestrial	mammals was formerly different from what it now
	2590.926	formerly more closely related in its	mammals to Africa than it is at the present
	2677.1043	more distinctly limited in terrestrial	mammals, than perhaps in any other organic
	2681.278	The answer, as I believe, is, that	mammals have not been able to migrate, whereas
	2711.384	see) between the distribution of	mammals and the depth of the sea,—these and
	2809.201	Pyrenees. We may infer, from the frozen	mammals and nature of the mountain vegetation
	2930.224	wingless birds, take the place of	mammals. In the plants of the Galapagos Islands
	2936.144	in certain islands not tenanted by	mammals, some of the endemic plants have
	2944.0	it would be very difficult to explain.	Mammals offer another and similar case. I have
	2948.149	small islands will not support small	mammals, for they occur in many parts of the
	2948.468	has not been time for the creation of	mammals; many volcanic islands are sufficiently
	2948.747	and on continents it is thought that	mammals appear and disappear at a quicker rate
	2948.843	and lower animals. Though terrestrial	mammals do not occur on oceanic islands, aërial
	2948.891	do not occur on oceanic islands, aërial	mammals do occur on almost every island. New
	2948.1223	force produced bats and no other	mammals on remote islands? On my view this
	2952.184	with the absence of all terrestrial	mammals. Besides the absence of terrestrial
	2954.35	Besides the absence of terrestrial	mammals in relation to the remoteness of
	2954.915	the probable naturalisation of certain	mammals through man's agency; but we shall soon
	2954.1300	a shallow channel from Europe, and the	mammals are the same on both sides; we meet
	2960.238	as of batrachians, and of terrestrial	mammals notwithstanding the presence of aërial
	2998.1025	inhabited by a vast number of distinct	mammals, birds, and plants. The principle
	3006.519	would be difficult to prove it. Amongst	mammals, we see it strikingly displayed in Bats
	3038.476	as batrachians and terrestrial	mammals, should be absent from oceanic islands
	3038.602	their own peculiar species of aërial	mammals or bats. We can see why there should be
	3038.688	some relation between the presence of	mammals, in a more or less modified condition
	3069.471	characters common, for instance, to all	mammals, by another those common to all
	3159.406	and the whale, and between both these	mammals and fishes, is analogical. Amongst
	3211.916	archetype as it may be called, of all	mammals, had its limbs constructed on the
	3223.295	pieces in the act of parturition of	mammals, will by no means explain the same
	3309.223	mammæ are very general in the males of	mammals: I presume that the "bastard-wing" in
	3315.484	to be the case with the mammæ of male	mammals, for many instances are on record of
	3504.271	of ocean, as frogs and terrestrial	mammals, should not inhabit oceanic islands
	3508.74	of bats, and the absence of all other	mammals, on oceanic islands, are utterly
	3518.835	we can clearly see why the embryos of	mammals, birds, reptiles, and fishes should be
	3544.510	or as full grown? and in the case of	mammals, were they created bearing the false
	3723.9	Dr., on American cuckoo, 217. Britain,	mammals of, 395. Bronn on duration of specific
	3900.19	and mastodons, 334, ——, and Cautley on	mammals of sub-Himalayan beds, 340. Falkland
	4167.3	compared with Europe, 299. —,	mammals of, 395. Malpighiaceæ, 417. Mammæ
	4168.25	Mammæ, rudimentary, 451.	Mammals, fossil, in secondary formation
	4405.87	on blind rat, 137. Skulls of young	mammals, 197, 437. Slave-making instinct
	4564.21	water-birds, 185. West Indian islands,	mammals of, 395. Westwood on species in large
	5870.36	d. OWEN'S (PROFESSOR) Manual of Fossil	Mammals. Including the substance of the course
1			mammals—on
	2878.124	of Batrachians and of terrestrial	Mammals—On the relation of the inhabitants of
2			mammiferous
	2233.233	strata of North America. In regard to	mammiferous remains, a single glance at the
	2954.291	and the presence in both of the same	mammiferous species or of allied species in a more
24			man's
	126.454	Circumstances favourable to	Man's power of Selection
	146.48	Selection — its power compared with	man's selection — its power on characters of
	283.432	Productions—Circumstances favourable to	Man's power of Selection. WHEN we look to
	429.90	animal's or plant's own good, but to	man's use or fancy. Some variations useful to
	429.1509	has not been their history. The key is	man's power of accumulative selection: nature
	487.203	their structure or in their habits to	man's wants or fancies. We can, I think
	501.80	favourable, or the reverse, to	man's power of selection. A high degree of
	641.1208	in order to mark its relation to	man's power of selection. We have seen that
	641.1572	and is as immeasurably superior to	man's feeble efforts, as the works of Nature
	764.46	Selection—its power compared with	man's selection—its power on characters of
	788.325	should be far "truer" in character than	man's productions; that they should be
	908.3	it will soon be exterminated. In	man's methodical selection, a breeder selects
	976.1199	to disappear. Here, then, we see in	man's productions the action of what may be
	994.15	OF CHARACTER. plants through	man's agency in foreign lands. It might have
	1261.473	these variable characters, produced by	man's selection, sometimes become attached
	2060.730	are produced under domestication by	man's methodical and unconscious power of
	2450.53	either locally or wholly, through	man's agency. I may repeat what I published
	2855.1382	to continental forms, naturalised by	man's agency. I am far from supposing that
	2861.229	and not another becomes naturalised by	man's agency in a foreign land; why one
	2954.931	of certain mammals through	man's agency; but we shall soon have much
	2994.642	that many species, naturalised through	man's agency, have spread with astonishing
	3283.553	and which have been accumulated by	man's selection, have not generally first
	3331.1335	of precious phosphate of lime? When a	man's fingers have been amputated, imperfect
	6136.19	Woodcuts. 8vo. 18s. —— (G. B.) Working	Man's Handbook to South Australia; with
1			management
	5756.91	Treatise on the Chemical Properties,	Management, and Application of Manures. By
2			manatee
	3335.97	the rudimentary nails on the fin of the	manatee were formed for this purpose. On my
	4170.30	Man, origin of races of, 199.	Manatee, rudimentary nails of, 454. Marsupials
3			manchester
	645.403	and ability than W. Herbert, Dean of	Manchester, evidently the result of his great
	4856.276	s. Plymouth, 1841, 13s. 6d.	Manchester, 1842, 10s. 6d. Cork, 1843, 12s. York
	5674.27	vo. 6s. ——— Addresses Delivered at	Manchester, Leeds, and Birmingham. Fcap. 8vo. 1s
3			mandibles
	816.1273	beetles often bear wounds from the huge	mandibles of other males. The war is, perhaps
	3207.82	numerous modifications of an upper lip,	mandibles, and two pairs of maxillæ. Analogous
	3215.55	common progenitor had an upper lip,	mandibles, and two pair of maxillæ, these parts
2			mangles
	5420.47	IN THE HOLY LAND. By CAPTAINS IRBY and	MANGLES. THE SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR. By JOHN
	5514.9	Woodcuts, Post 8vo. 9s. IRBY AND	MANGLES' Travels in Egypt, Nubia, Syria, and
5			manifest
	1281.698	of secondary sexual characters is not	manifest; but we can see why these characters
	2472.1216	and tertiary periods, would still be	manifest, and the several formations could be
	2584.232	America, a similar relationship is	manifest, even to an uneducated eye, in the
	2972.376	gestures, and tones of voice, was	manifest. So it is with the other animals, and
	3211.19	animal and plant. The explanation is	manifest on the theory of the natural selection
2			manifested
	337.759	be shown that our domestic varieties	manifested a strong tendency to reversion,—that is
	3255.758	the cephalopodic character is	manifested long before the parts of the embryo are
4			manifestly
	505.145	desired direction. But as variations	manifestly useful or pleasing to man appear only
	778.286	have undergone a change, and this would	manifestly be favourable to natural selection, by
	1771.451	this pyramid, as Huber has remarked, is	manifestly a gross imitation of the three-sided
	3289.61	new species of our supposed genus will	manifestly tend to resemble each other much more
1			manifold
	653.744	is the doctrine of Malthus applied with	manifold force to the whole animal and vegetable
3			manipulation
	1914.1170	is an acknowledged difficulty in the	manipulation) half of these twenty plants had their
	1924.937	the frequent ill effects of	manipulation, sometimes decidedly increases, and
	2066.590	one head produced only five grains.	Manipulation in this case could not have been
2			mankind
	681.393	we are on this head, even in regard to	mankind, so incomparably better known than any
	3129.136	If we possessed a perfect pedigree of	mankind, a genealogical arrangement of the
125			manner
	152.314	Parts developed in an unusual	manner are highly variable: specific
	152.476	of the same genus vary in an analogous	manner — Reversions to long-lost characters
	264.332	if it vary however slightly in any	manner profitable to itself, under the complex
	272.1215	generally extinct species, in the same	manner as the acknowledged varieties of any
	305.529	would probably have varied in the same	manner. To judge how much, in the case of any
	331.806	or male element; in nearly the same	manner as in the crossed offspring from a
	343.592	differ from each other in the same	manner as, only in most cases in a lesser
	381.243	jaw, varies in a highly remarkable	manner. The number of the caudal and sacral
	381.1331	shape and size of the eggs vary. The	manner of flight differs remarkably; as does
	491.182	in some slight degree in an unusual	manner, or a pouter till he saw a pigeon with
	532.543	selection to accumulate, in the same	manner as man can accumulate in any given
	610.81	are related to each other, in the same	manner as the varieties of any one species are
	741.182	in the most essential yet often hidden	manner, to that of all other organic beings
	749.243	generally be changed in an essential	manner. If we wished to increase its average
	772.351	have seen of the intimate and complex	manner in which the inhabitants of each
	772.1145	the original inhabitants were in some	manner modified; for, had the area been open
	784.734	character in some peculiar and fitting	manner; he feeds a long and a short beaked
	784.878	long-legged quadruped in any peculiar	manner; he exposes sheep with long and short
	856.839	and adapted in the most perfect	manner to each other, by the continued
	872.903	the structure of the flower and the	manner in which bees suck the nectar; for, in
	912.115	in each district in exactly the same	manner to the conditions of each; for in a
	922.338	species throughout the area in the same	manner in relation to the same conditions
	952.99	what geology tells us of the rate and	manner at which the inhabitants of this world
	982.1497	from each other in at all the same	manner as distinct species and genera of
	996.191	we can gain some crude idea in what	manner some of the natives would have had to
	1024.135	generally to vary in nearly the same	manner as their parents varied. Moreover
	1040.963	diagram in a condensed and simplified	manner), we get eight species, marked by the
	1056.698	modified and improved in a diversified	manner at each stage of descent, so as to have
	1060.402	to each other in a widely different	manner. Of the eight descendants from (A) the
	1098.742	in group subordinate to group, in the	manner which we everywhere behold—namely
	1104.463	twigs and branches, in the same	manner as species and groups of species have
	1117.300	variable—Parts developed in an unusual	manner are highly variable: specific
	1161.681	slight power of vision. In the same	manner as in Madeira the wings of some of the
	1197.503	the structure of the adult; in the same	manner as any malconformation affecting the
	1197.753	alike, seem liable to vary in an allied	manner: we see this in the right and left
	1197.833	sides of the body varying in the same	manner; in the front and hind legs, and even
	1203.435	Schlegel, the shape of the body and the	manner of swallowing determine the position of
	1219.515	to be correlated in some necessary	manner. So, again, I do not doubt that some
	1219.641	whole orders, are entirely due to the	manner alone in which natural selection can
	1231.617	male Ibla, and in a truly extraordinary	manner with the Proteolepas: for the carapace
	1245.62	species in an extraordinary degree or	manner, in comparison with the same part in
	1245.1218	its wings developed in some remarkable	manner in comparison with the other species of
	1245.1386	when displayed in any unusual	manner. The term, secondary sexual characters
	1253.66	developed in a remarkable degree or	manner in any species, the fair [page
	1263.78	has been developed in an extraordinary	manner in any one species, compared with the
	1267.805	the individuals varying in the required	manner and degree, and by the continued
	1275.629	differ. Or to state the case in another	manner:—the points in which all the species of
	1279.171	different habits, in exactly the same	manner: and as these so-called generic
	1287.734	again in fossorial hymenoptera, the	manner of neuration of the wings is a
	1293.304	in a species in an extraordinary	manner in comparison with the same part in its
	1297.1650	a consequent tendency to vary in a like	manner, but to three separate yet closely
	1311.176	would occasionally vary in an analogous	manner; so that a variety of one species would
	1351.214	under domestication, in this particular	manner, so as often to become striped like
	1361.594	size or in an extraordinary	manner, in comparison with the same part or
	1361.1385	the organ, in however extraordinary a	manner it may be developed. Species inheriting
	1412.717	related in the most important	manner to other organic beings, we must see
	1454.222	in structure in a corresponding	manner. Therefore, I can see no difficulty
	1484.72	in its astonishing power of diving, its	manner of swimming, and of flying when
	1530.895	quite distinct purpose: in the same	manner as, on the view entertained by some
	1550.175	modified in very nearly the same	manner two parts in two organic beings, which
	1675.256	stroked them with a hair in the same	manner, as well as I could, as the ants do
	1675.803	the quite young aphides behaved in this	manner, showing that the action was
	1689.906	by the young, and in nearly the same	manner by each individual, performed with
	1695.442	natural instincts, which in a like	manner become curiously blended together, and
	1771.743	that the Melipona saves wax by this	manner of building; for the flat walls between
	1807.452	largely gnawed away on both sides. The	manner in which the bees build is curious
	1807.1421	about twice as thick. By this singular	manner of building, strength is continually
	1877.1241	variations, which are in any	manner profitable, without exercise or habit
	1885.462	its nest with mud, in the same peculiar	manner as does our British thrush: how it is
	1938.147	It is notorious in how complicated a	manner the species of Pelargonium, Fuchsia
	2034.270	affected by sterility in a very similar	manner. In the one case, the conditions of
	2060.1069	food; treats them in nearly the same	manner, and does not wish to alter their
	2078.760	this one variety must have been in some	manner and in some degree modified. From
	2120.12	produced from this cross. In the same	manner as in grafting trees, the capacity of
	2143.623	species depends in a more important	manner on the presence of other already
	2207.558	impresses my mind almost in the same	manner as does the vain endeavour to grapple
	2313.135	preserved in an excessively imperfect	manner in the formations which we suppose to
	2331.71	groups of Allied Species.—The abrupt	manner in which whole groups of species
	2345.435	limits to 50 fathoms; from the perfect	manner in which specimens are preserved in the
	2359.173	which is much graver. I allude to the	manner in which numbers of species of the same
	2385.201	now exist or have existed; the sudden	manner in which whole groups of species appear
	2385.452	nature. We see this in the plainest	manner by the fact that all the most eminent
	2464.296	exterminated in a correspondingly rapid	manner many of the old inhabitants; and the
	2466.29	common. Thus, as it seems to me, the	manner in which single species and whole
	2474.231	at distant points in the same parallel	manner. We may doubt whether they have thus
	2508.458	yet the species themselves differ in a	manner very difficult to account for
	2536.500	one great family, in nearly the same	manner as has occurred with ruminants and
	2544.206	seem to me explained in a satisfactory	manner. And they are wholly inexplicable on
	2550.868	give only one instance, namely, the	manner in which the fossils of the Devonian
	2570.606	has affected in a marked and sensible	manner the organisation of the more recent and
	2570.907	molluscs. From the extraordinary	manner in which European productions have
	2584.417	Owen has shown in the most striking	manner that most of the fossil mammals, buried
	2590.809	to the northern half. In a similar	manner we know from Falconer and Cautley's
	2592.532	still differ in nearly the same	manner and degree. But after very long
	2645.159	are related in a close and important	manner to the differences between the
	2657.404	south never fails to be struck by the	manner in which successive groups of beings
	2657.697	with eggs coloured in nearly the same	manner. The plains near the Straits of
	2723.84	similar ones, but in a much better	manner, for he placed the seeds in a box in
	2725.53	be occasionally transported in another	manner. Drift timber is thrown up on most
	2773.379	to me to explain in so satisfactory a	manner the present distribution of the Alpine
	2829.121	to each other in a most remarkable	manner. This brief abstract applies to plants
	2851.858	southern forms. Just in the same	manner as we see at the present day, [page
	2880.485	allied species prevail in a remarkable	manner throughout the world. I well remember
	2882.160	by their having become fitted, in a	manner highly useful to them, for short and
	2984.165	small scale, yet in a most interesting	manner, within the limits of the same
	2984.333	elsewhere shown, in a quite marvellous	manner, by very closely related species; so
	3032.830	and deserts, are in so mysterious a	manner linked together by affinity, and are
	3089.461	the angle of the jaws in Marsupials-the	manner in which the wings of insects are
	3127.161	the diagram, but in much too simple a	manner. If a branching diagram had not been
	3151.100	inflection of the angle of the jaw, the	manner in which an insect's wing is folded
	3247.958	this to be the case in an unmistakeable	manner. So again the two main divisions of
	3255.268	facts as necessarily contingent in some	manner on growth. But there is no obvious
	3295.845	at a very early age in the same	manner with its parents, in accordance with
	3295.1196	be constructed in a slightly different	manner, then, on the principle of inheritance
	3418.428	changed; and they have changed in the	manner which my theory requires, for they have
	3418.509	have changed slowly and in a graduated	manner. We clearly see this in the fossil
	3432.239	and thus accumulate them in any desired	manner. He thus adapts animals and plants for
	3476.944	from a striped progenitor, in the same	manner as the several domestic breeds of
	3482.255	why a part developed in a very unusual	manner in any one species of a genus, and
	3482.690	may be developed in the most unusual	manner, like the wing of a bat, and yet not be
	3510.780	being related in the most striking	manner to the plants and animals of the
	3558.1018	shall have to treat species in the same	manner as those naturalists treat genera, who
	3572.306	be enabled to trace in an admirable	manner the former migrations of the
	3586.323	kind to a far distant futurity; for the	manner in which all organic beings are grouped
	3588.342	dependent on each other in so complex a	manner, have all been produced by laws acting
1			manner-of
	1249.199	whether or not displayed in any unusual	manner-of which fact I think there can be little
1			manner—reversions
	1117.460	of the same genus vary in an analogous	manner—Reversions to long lost characters—Summary. I
9			manners
	4630.47	S (REV. CHARLES) Popular Account of the	Manners and Customs of India. Post 8vo. 2s. 6d
	4844.44	Zincali, or the Gipsies of Spain; their	Manners, Customs, Religion, and Language
	5114.31	s. 6d. ——— RUSSIA: or, Impressions of	Manners and Society during a Ten Years
	5221.94	Evidence of their Identity, their	Manners, Customs, and Ceremonies; with Sketches
	5480.0	THE WAYSIDE CROSS. By CAPT. MILMAN.	MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF INDIA. By REV. C. ACLAND
	5576.234	worshippers; and an Enquiry into the	Manners and Arts of the Ancient Assyrians
	5602.46	or, First Impressions of Life and	Manners in India. By a LADY. Post 8vo. 2s. 6d
	5608.126	of the 17th Century. Edited by HON. H.	MANNERS SUTTON. 8vo. 14s. LEWIS (SIR G. C
	6128.61	Popular Account of the Private Life,	Manners, and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians
1			mansels
	5682.0	Persia. Third Edition. Post 8vo. 6s.	MANSELS (REV. H. L.) The Limits of Religious
1			mansfield
	5878.10	Woodcuts Post 8vo. 9s. PARKYNS' (	MANSFIELD) Personal Narrative of Three Years
1			mantells
	5684.0	Edition. with a Preface. 8vo. 12s.	MANTELLS (GIDEON A.) Thoughts on Animalcules; or
12			manual
	994.778	in the last edition of Dr. Asa Gray's '	Manual of the Flora of the Northern United
	2233.333	published in the Supplement to Lyell's	Manual, will bring home the truth, how
	2343.250	may read in the Supplement to Lyell's '	Manual,' published in 1858, clear evidence of
	4658.5	of the Admiralty:mdash; 1. A	MANUAL OF SCIENTIFIC ENQUIRY, for the Use of
	5126.22	Fcap. 8vo. FALKNERS (FRED.) Muck	Manual for the Use of Farmers. A Treatise on
	5524.17	Post 8vo. 7s. 6d. JERVIS'S (CAPT.)	Manual of Operations in the Field, for the Use
	5552.49	to the Holy Altar. Extracted from his "	Manual of Prayer" and "Practice of Divine Love
	5648.2	Ninth Edition. Woodcuts. 8vo. 18s. ——	Manual of Elementary Geology; or, the Ancient
	5686.0	Second Edition. Plates. 16mo. 6s.	MANUAL OF SCIENTIFIC ENQUIRY, Prepared for the
	5756.5	Regeneration. 8vo. 7s. 6d. MUCK	MANUAL (The) for the Use of Farmers. A
	5870.19	Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. OWEN'S (PROFESSOR)	Manual of Fossil Mammals. Including the
	6070.13	Woodcuts. 8vo. 14s. THREE-LEAVED	MANUAL OF FAMILY PRAYER; arranged so as to
4			manufactory
	602.214	if we may use the expression, the	manufactory of species has been active, we ought
	602.285	active, we ought generally to find the	manufactory still in action, more especially as we
	1361.44	and differentiation, or where the	manufactory of new specific forms has been actively
	3454.143	present many varieties; for where the	manufactory of species has been active, we might
1			manufacture
	5700.98	Porcelain. With a Description of the	Manufacture, a Glossary, and a List of Monograms
3			manufactured
	357.548	that man sufficiently civilized to have	manufactured pottery existed in the valley of the
	608.805	many of the species already	manufactured still to a certain extent resemble
	1877.140	and not by acquired knowledge and	manufactured instruments, a perfect division of
1			manufactures
	4776.45	S (CHARLES) Economy of Machinery and	Manufactures. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 6s
3			manufacturing
	602.380	every reason to believe the process of	manufacturing new species to be a slow one. And this
	608.762	greater than the average are now	manufacturing, many of the species already
	5364.26	vo. 10s. ——— Home Tour through the	Manufacturing Districts of England, Scotland and
2			manures
	5126.91	A Treatise on the Nature and Value of	Manures. Second Edition, with a Glossary of
	5756.122	Management, and Application of	Manures. By FREDERICK FALKNER. Second Edition
1			manuscript
	582.692	that after having carefully read my	manuscript, and examined the tables, he thinks
3			manuscripts
	240.567	memoir, some brief extracts from my	manuscripts. This Abstract, which I now publish
	5722.175	Gems, described in several old	Manuscripts. 2 Vols. 8vo. 30s. MILLS (ARTHUR
	6100.117	Collections of Paintings, Sculpture,	Manuscripts, Miniatures, &c. &c., in this Country
1			maranon
	5706.154	of Peru, and descending the great River	Maranon. 8vo. 12s. MAXIMS AND HINTS for an
1			marble
	6052.27	to. STREET'S (G. E.) Brick and	Marble Architecture of Italy, in the Middle
1			marbled
	1851.82	wish the flesh and fat to be well	marbled together; the animal has been
1			march
	2843.644	which must have lain on the line of	march. But I do not doubt that some temperate
1			marched
	2775.295	will at a very late period have	marched a little further north, and
1			marching
	1741.153	their masters leaving the nest, and	marching along the same road to a tall Scotch
4			margin
	1472.985	other times standing stationary on the	margin of water, and then dashing like a
	1801.774	which stands on the extreme growing	margin, or the two plates, as the case may be
	1813.33	VII. of a single cell, or the extreme	margin of the circumferential rim of a growing
	1819.152	namely, that the cells on the extreme	margin of wasp-combs are sometimes strictly
1			marianne
	2948.1070	the Bonin Islands, the Caroline and	Marianne Archipelagoes, and Mauritius, all
34			marine
	1406.491	in the form of the land and of climate,	marine areas now continuous must often have
	2171.633	boulders, all thickly clothed by	marine productions, showing how little they
	2241.500	coast, which is inhabited by a peculiar	marine fauna, tertiary beds are so scantily
	2241.605	of several successive and peculiar	marine faunas will probably be preserved to a
	2269.5	correlated with perfect accuracy. With	marine animals of all kinds, we may safely
	2273.1349	within that limit of depth at which	marine animals can flourish; for we know what
	2299.630	or confined to some one spot. Most	marine animals have a wide range; and we have
	2299.802	so that with shells and other	marine animals, it is probably those which
	2323.17	in any one formation. Very many of the	marine inhabitants of the archipelago now
	2339.899	as these animals have huge bones, are	marine, and range over the world, the fact of
	2351.1609	basin, in which any great group of	marine animals might be multiplied; and [page
	2402.703	Sicily, the successive changes in the	marine inhabitants of that island have been
	2412.1241	on the continent of Europe, whereas the	marine shells and birds have remained
	2412.1424	organised productions compared with	marine and lower productions, by the more
	2474.43	observations, however, relate to the	marine inhabitants of distant parts of the
	2480.9	the latter tertiary stages. When the	marine forms of life are spoken of as having
	2480.270	strict geological sense; for if all the	marine animals which live at the present day
	2480.1266	little doubt that all the more modern	marine formations, namely, the upper pliocene
	2486.411	cannot be owing to mere changes in	marine currents or other causes more or less
	2492.587	of distinct continents than with the	marine inhabitants of the continuous sea. We
	2590.1042	in relation to the distribution of	marine animals. On the theory of descent with
	2651.49	the sea, we find the same law. No two	marine faunas are more distinct, with hardly a
	2651.596	distinct fauna. So that here three	marine faunas range far northward and
	2651.1182	meet with no well-defined and distinct	marine faunas. Although hardly one shell, crab
	2703.517	a narrow isthmus now separates two	marine faunas; submerge it, or let it formerly
	2711.128	such as the great difference in the	marine faunas on the opposite sides of almost
	2801.76	the sea, a slow southern migration of a	marine fauna, which during the Pliocene or
	2801.626	admirable work), of some fish and other	marine animals, in the Mediterranean and in
	2831.137	distribution of terrestrial animals. In	marine productions, similar cases occur; as an
	2845.89	a few terrestrial animals, and some	marine productions, migrated during the
	2886.1763	water, so that we may imagine that a	marine member of a fresh-water group might
	2924.1209	bird, but only two out of the eleven	marine birds, are peculiar; and it is obvious
	2928.0	page] 391 CHAP. XII. OCEANIC ISLANDS.	marine birds could arrive at these islands
	3903.8	wolf of, 393. Faults, 285. Faunas,	marine, 348. Fear, instinctive, in birds
1			mariners
	1155.612	and rarely or never flying. As with	mariners shipwrecked near a coast, it would have
2			marius
	5187.43	HISTORY OF). From the Invasion by	Marius, to the present time. On the plan of
	5692.44	of Germany. From the Invasion by	Marius, to the present time. 6th Edition
33			marked
	311.149	to another. In animals it has a more	marked effect; for instance, I find in the
	343.994	aboriginally distinct species. If any	marked distinction existed between domestic
	399.1665	aboriginal stocks were coloured and	marked like the rock-pigeon, although no other
	399.1750	existing species is thus coloured and	marked, so that in each separate breed there
	435.1535	of months, and the sheep are each time	marked and classed, so that the very best may
	493.672	common goose has not given rise to any	marked varieties; hence the Thoulouse and the
	548.407	for assistance of all kinds, has	marked for me 182 British plants, which are
	574.9	INTO SPECIES. CHAP. II. strongly	marked and more permanent varieties; and at
	602.76	the view that species are only strongly	marked and permanent varieties; for wherever
	616.502	For instance, Mr. H. C. Watson has	marked for me in the well-sifted London
	616.1145	have those very closely allied forms,	marked for me by Mr. Watson as doubtful
	681.1277	be no choking from other plants, I	marked all the seedlings of our native weeds
	790.457	in progress, until the hand of time has	marked the long lapse of ages, and then so
	822.1043	standard of beauty, might produce a	marked effect. I strongly suspect that some
	1018.1207	of the horizontal lines, and is there	marked by a small numbered letter, a
	1040.994	manner), we get eight species,	marked by the letters between a14 and m14, all
	1046.82	thousand generations, six new species,	marked by the letters n14 to z14, are supposed
	1046.618	and species. The other nine species (	marked by capital letters) of our original
	1060.454	eight descendants from (A) the three	marked a14, q14, p14, will be nearly related
	1078.249	lines to be very great, the forms	marked a14 to p14, those marked b14 and f
	1078.274	the forms marked a14 to p14, those	marked b14 and f14, and those marked o14 to m
	1078.304	those marked b14 and f14, and those	marked o14 to m14, will form three very
	1275.379	the view of species being only strongly	marked and fixed varieties, we might surely
	1584.191	the races of man, which are so strongly	marked; I may add that some little light can
	1982.255	general appearance, and having strongly	marked differences in every part of the flower
	2086.261	whose strong wish was to draw a	marked line of distinction between species and
	2540.189	case the genera, at the early period	marked VI., would differ by a lesser number of
	2570.586	of improvement has affected in a	marked and sensible manner the organisation of
	2707.1322	oceans such sunken islands are now	marked, as I believe, by rings of coral or
	3044.1222	the higher; but there are in both cases	marked exceptions to the rule. On my theory
	3351.1451	with the grades of acquired difference	marked by the terms varieties, species, genera
	3446.240	varieties; or between more plainly	marked varieties and sub-species, and species
	3450.43	the view that species are only strongly	marked and permanent varieties, and that each
3			markham
	5106.99	year of Queen Victorias Reign. By MRS.	MARKHAM. 98th Edition. Woodcuts. 12mo. 6s
	5177.92	to the Death of Louis Philippe. By Mrs.	MARKHAM. 56th Thousand. Woodcuts. 12mo. 6s
	5187.92	the present time. On the plan of Mrs.	MARKHAM. Ninth Thousand. Woodcuts. 12mo. 6s
1			markhams
	5688.0	order of the Lords of the Admiralty.)	MARKHAMS (MRS.) History of England. From the
3			marking
	1032.706	intervals by small numbered letters	marking the successive forms which have become
	1530.691	loop-like course of the arteries still	marking in the embryo their former position
	2432.441	ultimately thins out in the upper beds,	marking the decrease and final extinction of
2			markings
	399.1854	to revert to the very same colours and	markings. Or, secondly, [page] 26 DOMESTIC
	1315.313	of reversion, from the number of the	markings, which are correlated with the blue
15			marks
	399.482	chequered with black. These several	marks do not occur together in any other
	399.643	well-bred birds, all the above	marks, even to the white edging of the outer
	399.871	blue or has any of the above-specified	marks, the mongrel offspring are very apt
	411.341	pigeon; the blue colour and various	marks occasionally appearing in all the
	1303.119	their bases with white. As all these	marks are characteristic of the parent rock
	1303.405	as we have seen, these coloured	marks are eminently liable to appear in the
	1303.647	of the slaty-blue, with the several	marks, beyond the influence of the mere act
	1315.521	inferred this, from the blue colour and	marks so often appearing when distinct breeds
	1345.792	colour, with certain bars and other	marks; and when any breed assumes by simple
	1345.882	a bluish tint, these bars and other	marks invariably reappear; but without any
	1345.1082	tendency for the blue tint and bars and	marks to reappear in the mongrels. I have
	2438.710	more gradually at its upper end, which	marks the progress of extermination, than at
	2438.776	than at its lower end, which	marks the first appearance and increase in
	2809.355	miles apart, glaciers have left the	marks of their former low descent; and in
	3544.555	were they created bearing the false	marks of nourishment from the mother's womb
2			marquesas
	5452.4	OF SPAIN. By GEORGE BORROW. THE	MARQUESAS. By HERMANN MELVILLE. LIVONIAN TALES
	5712.63	and Omoo; or, Adventures amongst the	Marquesas and South Sea Islands. 2 Vols. Post 8vo
1			marquis
	4958.148	to the close of his life. Edited by the	MARQUIS OF LONDONDERRY. 12 Vols. 8vo. 14s. each
1			marriage
	653.898	food, and no prudential restraint from	marriage. Although some species may [page
1			marryats
	5700.0	Places. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 2s.	MARRYATS (JOSEPH) History of Modern and Mediæval
2			marsh
	3000.453	on every mountain, in every lake and	marsh. For Alpine species, excepting in so
	3018.218	such facts, as alpine, lacustrine, and	marsh productions being related (with the
1			marshal
	4898.95	Armies under Prince Schwarzenberg and	Marshal Blucher during the latter end of
2			marshall
	505.390	to success. On this principle	Marshall has remarked, with respect to the sheep
	3135.1077	varieties: thus the great agriculturist	Marshall says the horns are very useful for this
4			marshes
	2637.900	mountains, grassy plains, forests,	marshes, lakes, and great rivers, under almost
	3004.150	it is with the inhabitants of lakes and	marshes, excepting in so far as great facility
	3032.785	plains and mountains, of the forests,	marshes, and deserts, are in so mysterious a
	3502.252	on mountain and lowland, on deserts and	marshes, most of the inhabitants within each
1			marsh-species
	2898.94	ranges many fresh-water and even	marsh-species have, both over continents and to the
1			marshy
	836.472	or rabbits, and another hunting on	marshy ground and almost nightly catching
3			marsupial
	3179.339	are general, and not to any one	marsupial species more than to another. As the
	3179.647	branched off from some very ancient	Marsupial, which will have had a character in
	3179.1137	specially related to any one existing	Marsupial, but indirectly to all or nearly all
13			marsupials
	1002.580	for instance, whether the Australian	marsupials, which are divided into groups
	2584.158	caves were closely allied to the living	marsupials of that continent. In South America, a
	2590.190	that it is an immutable law that	marsupials should have been chiefly or solely
	2590.417	ancient times was peopled by numerous	marsupials; and I have shown in the publications
	3179.228	the bizcacha is most nearly related to	Marsupials; but in the points in which it
	3179.424	points of affinity of the bizcacha to	Marsupials are believed to be real and not merely
	3179.747	with respect to all existing	Marsupials; or that both Rodents and Marsupials
	3179.784	Marsupials; or that both Rodents and	Marsupials branched off from a common progenitor
	3179.1184	but indirectly to all or nearly all	Marsupials, from having partially retained the
	3179.1331	of the group. On the other hand, of all	Marsupials, as Mr. Waterhouse has remarked, the
	3496.1051	allied forms on the same continent,—of	marsupials in Australia, of edentata in America
	4171.0	Manatee, rudimentary nails of, 454.	Marsupials of Australia, 116. ——, fossil species
	4552.31	Waterhouse, Mr., on Australian	marsupials, 116. —, on greatly developed parts
1			marsupials-the
	3089.446	inflection of the angle of the jaws in	Marsupials-the manner in which the wings of insects
2			martens
	2723.35	Subsequently to my experiments, M.	Martens tried similar ones, but in a much
	4173.0	fossil species of, 339.	Martens, M., experiment on seeds, 360. Martin
1			martial
	5378.65	on the Law and Practice of Naval Courts	Martial. 8vo. 10s. 6d. HILLARD'S (G. S.) Six
3			martin
	1339.339	the product of a zebra; and Mr. W. C.	Martin, in his excellent treatise on the horse
	4174.0	Martens, M., experiment on seeds, 360.	Martin, Mr. W. C., on striped mules
	5588.17	the Press. [page] 21 LEAKE'S (COL, W.	MARTIN) Topography of Athens, with Remarks on
1			martyrs
	4848.23	works. 4to. BREWSTER'S (SIR DAVID)	Martyrs of Science, or the Lives of Galileo
8			marvel
	717.750	and so high our presumption, that we	marvel when we hear of the extinction of an
	2450.249	at the rarity of a species, and yet to	marvel greatly when it ceases to exist, is
	2466.167	of natural selection. We need not	marvel at extinction; if we must marvel, let
	2466.200	not marvel at extinction; if we must	marvel, let it be at our presumption in
	2998.469	I think we need not greatly	marvel at the endemic and representative
	3470.416	from another land. Nor ought we to	marvel if all the contrivances in nature be
	3470.579	to our ideas of fitness. We need not	marvel at the sting of the bee causing the bee
	3488.233	through natural selection we need not	marvel at some instincts being apparently not
1			marvelled
	2440.244	duration. No one I think can have	marvelled more at the extinction of species, than
1			marvelling
	3518.954	so unlike the adult forms. We may cease	marvelling at the embryo of an air-breathing
5			marvellous
	1249.985	genus, Pyrgoma, these valves present a	marvellous amount of diversification: the
	1386.99	selection? What shall we say to so	marvellous an instinct as that which leads the bee
	2749.29	CHAP. XI. years, it would I think be a	marvellous fact if many plants had not thus become
	2984.322	as I have elsewhere shown, in a quite	marvellous manner, by very closely related species
	3484.23	selection. Glancing at instincts,	marvellous as some are, they offer no greater
1			marylands
	5698.0	Thousand. Woodcuts. 12mo. 7s. 6d.	MARYLANDS (J. H.) Reverence due to Holy Places
2			maskelyne's
	4680.6	Years' Catalogue of Stars. 14s. 1851.—	Maskelyne's Ledger of Stars. 6s. 1852.—I
	4732.4	the Tables, 1821. 4to. 7s. 6d. 22.	MASKELYNE'S ACCOUNT OF THE GOING OF HARRISON' WATCH
2			masons
	1807.698	understand how they work, by supposing	masons first to pile up a broad ridge of
	1807.877	thin wall is left in the middle; the	masons always piling up the cut-away cement
8			masses
	590.88	in any Flora be divided into two equal	masses, all those in the larger genera being
	598.156	of two districts, into two nearly equal	masses, the species of the larger genera on
	1398.102	and preserved to a future age only in	masses of sediment sufficiently thick and
	1398.232	degradation; and such fossiliferous	masses can be accumulated only where much
	2209.214	comparison with that which has removed	masses of our palæozoic strata, in parts ten
	2213.501	might have accumulated in thinner	masses than elsewhere, the above estimate
	2243.107	in extremely thick, solid, or extensive	masses, in order to withstand the incessant
	2418.215	formations depends on great	masses of sediment having been deposited on
1			massive
	375.780	is a bird of great size, with long,	massive beak and large feet; some of the sub
3			master
	830.767	always that they retained strength to	master their prey at this or at some other
	1689.1075	no more know that he points to aid his	master, than the white butterfly knows why she
	1695.736	by not coming in a straight line to his	master when called. Domestic instincts are
2			mastered
	1197.1023	tendencies, I do not doubt, may be	mastered more or less completely by natural
	3382.752	to show how this difficulty can be	mastered. With respect to the almost universal
1			masterly
	2209.314	thickness, as shown in Prof. Ramsay's	masterly memoir on this subject. Yet it is an
17			masters
	1731.669	the migration, and actually carry their	masters in their jaws. So utterly helpless are
	1731.720	their jaws. So utterly helpless are the	masters, that when Huber shut up thirty of them
	1737.702	not above half the size of their red	masters, so that the contrast in their
	1737.853	occasionally come out, and like their	masters are much agitated and defend the nest
	1737.1009	slaves work energetically with their	masters in carrying them away to a place of
	1737.1718	them as strictly household slaves. The	masters, on the other hand, may be constantly
	1741.123	a few slaves mingled with their	masters leaving the nest, and marching along
	1741.424	the slaves habitually work with their	masters in making the nest, and they alone open
	1741.644	difference in the usual habits of the	masters and slaves in the two countries
	1743.133	interesting spectacle to behold the	masters carefully carrying, as Huber has
	1755.561	part of the summer extremely few. The	masters determine when and where a new nest
	1755.649	be formed, and when they migrate, the	masters carry the slaves. Both in Switzerland
	1755.772	exclusive care of the larvæ, and the	masters alone go on slave-making expeditions
	1755.848	In Switzerland the slaves and	masters work together, making and bringing
	1755.1057	food for the community. In England the	masters alone usually leave the nest to collect
	1755.1185	their slaves and larvæ. So that the	masters in this country receive much less
	5072.169	Third Edition. Illustrated from the Old	Masters. 2 Vols. Post 8vo. 30s. EDWARDS (W. H
1			mastery
	6054.15	Ages. Plates. 8vo. 21s. STRIFE FOR THE	MASTERY. Two Allegories. With Illustrations
1			masto
	2474.578	anomalous monsters coexisted with the	Masto- [page] 324 GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
1			mastodon
	2440.382	of a horse embedded with the remains of	Mastodon, Megatherium, Toxodon, and other
2			mastodons
	2552.241	exceptions to the rule. For instance,	mastodons and elephants, when arranged by Dr
	3899.20	crocodile, 313. —, on elephants and	mastodons, 334, ——, and Cautley on mammals of sub
1			match
	455.697	in Pliny. The savages in South Africa	match their draught cattle by colour, as do
2			matched
	511.846	nocturnal rambling habits, cannot be	matched, and, although so much valued by women
	1851.417	which individual bulls and cows, when	matched, produced oxen with the longest horns
1			matching
	499.378	or takes more care than usual in	matching his best animals and thus improves them
2			mated
	417.1023	male and female pigeons can be easily	mated for life; and thus different breeds can
	511.382	of the same species. Pigeons can be	mated for life, and this is a great
1			material
	40.24	But with regard to the	material world, we can at least go so far as
10			materials
	477.924	such splendid results from such poor	materials; but the art, I cannot doubt, has been
	501.181	favourable, as freely giving the	materials for selection to work on; not that mere
	532.484	highly important for us, as they afford	materials for natural selection to accumulate, in
	864.618	with extreme brevity, though I have the	materials prepared for an ample discussion. All
	1737.1781	may be constantly seen bringing in	materials for the nest, and food of all kinds
	1755.891	work together, making and bringing	materials for the nest: both, but chiefly the
	1755.1114	leave the nest to collect building	materials and food for themselves, their slaves
	1819.1104	built, as in its construction more	materials would be required than for a cylinder
	3343.968	in a former chapter, by which the	materials forming any part or structure, if not
	6168.20	Return to homepage Terms of Use. These	materials may be freely used for non-commercial
4			maternal
	1610.139	is for the good of the community; and	maternal love or maternal hatred, though the
	1610.156	of the community; and maternal love or	maternal hatred, though the latter fortunately
	1717.1261	having been taken of the mistaken	maternal instinct of another bird, than by their
	1721.123	cuckoo has not utterly lost all	maternal love and care for her own offspring
1			mathematical
	4752.34	RAMSDEN'S ENGINE for DIVIDING	MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS. 4to. 5s. 32. ——— ENGINE
2			mathematicians
	1386.228	anticipated the discoveries of profound	mathematicians? Fourthly, how can we account for
	1763.325	enthusiastic admiration. We hear from	mathematicians that bees have practically solved a
10			matter
	1002.90	by being adapted to digest vegetable	matter alone, or flesh alone, draws most
	1574.1147	be due to the direct action of putrid	matter; but we should be very cautious in
	2040.410	foregoing remarks go to the root of the	matter: no explanation is offered why an
	2201.134	rate of accumulation of the degraded	matter, probably offers the best evidence of
	2367.744	of phosphatic nodules and bituminous	matter in some of the lowest azoic rocks
	2711.1186	of consisting of mere piles of volcanic	matter. I must now say a few words on what
	3057.446	to feed on flesh, another on vegetable	matter, and so on; but the case is widely
	3331.930	by supposing that they serve to excrete	matter in excess, or injurious to the system
	3335.41	growth, but in order to excrete horny	matter, as that the rudimentary nails on the
	3582.195	what we know of the laws impressed on	matter by the Creator, that the production and
2			matteuchi
	1544.186	electric apparatus, and yet do not, as	Matteuchi asserts, discharge any electricity, we
	4175.0	Mr. W. C., on striped mules, 165.	Matteuchi on the electric organs of rays
1			matthiæ
	5227.41	GRAMMAR FOR SCHOOLS. Abridged from	Matthiæ By the BISHOP OF LONDON. Ninth Edition
1			matthiæs
	5702.0	Plates and Woodcuts. 8vo. 31s. 6d.	MATTHIÆS (AUGUSTUS) Greek Grammar for Schools
2			matthiola
	1986.1475	between forms so closely related (as	Matthiola annua and glabra) that many botanists
	4176.0	on the electric organs of rays, 193.	Matthiola, reciprocal crosses of, 258. Means of
15			mature
	266.1165	or mutual affinities, both when	mature and in an embryonic condition. In the
	313.267	almost certainly entail changes in the	mature animal. In monstrosities, the
	331.121	only in the offspring when nearly	mature; peculiarities in the silkworm are
	804.1069	different from those which concern the	mature insect. These modifications will no
	3217.1074	and in flowers, that organs, which when	mature [page] 437 CHAP. XIII. MORPHOLOGY
	3239.100	organs in the individual, which when	mature become widely different and serve for
	3239.619	other much more closely than do the	mature insects; but in the case of larvæ, the
	3251.328	In some cases, however, the	mature animal is generally considered as lower
	3261.148	a higher organisation than the	mature animal, into which it is developed. I
	3277.490	tumblers. Now some of these birds, when	mature, differ so extraordinarily in length
	3289.867	greatly from the fore-limbs in the	mature animal; the limbs in the latter having
	3289.1201	such influence will mainly affect the	mature animal, which has come to its full
	3289.1361	will be inherited at a corresponding	mature age. Whereas the young will remain
	3295.13	EMBRYOLOGY. CHAP. XIII. resemble the	mature parent-form. We have seen that this is
	3524.588	we may believe, that the teeth in the	mature animal were reduced, during successive
1			matured
	3359.311	of the homologous parts, which when	matured will become widely different from each
6			maturity
	463.365	have increased in weight and in early	maturity, compared with the stock formerly kept
	651.91	which on an average only one comes to	maturity, may be more truly said to struggle
	1936.127	vigorous growth and rapid progress to	maturity, and bore good seed, which vegetated
	2749.1601	on favourable soil, and coming to	maturity! But it would be a great error to argue
	3343.251	generally be when the being has come to	maturity and to its full powers of action, the
	3524.169	on each creature, when it has come to	maturity and has to play its full part in the
1			maurel's
	5816.0	GUILLOTINE. 1s. HOLLWAX'S NORWAY. 2s.	MAUREL'S WELLINGTON. 1s. 6d. CAMPBELL'S LIFE OF
1			maurels
	5704.0	Edition. Revised by EDWARDS. 12mo. 3s.	MAURELS (JULES) Essay on the Character, Actions
3			mauritius
	2942.735	into Madeira, the Azores, and	Mauritius, and have multiplied so as to become a
	2948.1098	and Marianne Archipelagoes, and	Mauritius, all possess their peculiar bats. Why
	6098.14	Edition. Post 8vo. 5s. VOYAGE to the	Mauritius and back, touching at the Cape of Good
1			mawes
	5706.0	Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 1s. 6d.	MAWES (H. L.) Journal of a Passage from the
2			maxillæ
	3207.110	upper lip, mandibles, and two pairs of	maxillæ. Analogous laws govern the construction
	3215.82	upper lip, mandibles, and two pair of	maxillæ, these parts being perhaps very simple
1			maxima
	602.1104	large genera have often come to their	maxima, declined, and disappeared. All that we
3			maxims
	5708.0	the great River Maranon. 8vo. 12s.	MAXIMS AND HINTS for an Angler, and the
	5884.17	Vols. 8vo. 9s. each. PENN'S (RICHARD)	Maxims and Hints for an Angler, and the
	5884.97	Miseries of Fishing. To which is added,	Maxims and Hints for a Chess-player. New
6			maximum
	960.65	that any one region has as yet got its	maximum of species. Probably no region is as
	1914.318	of sterility. He always compares the	maximum number of seeds produced by two species
	2177.220	Professor Ramsay has given me the	maximum thickness, in most cases from actual
	2428.341	in number, till the group reaches its	maximum, and then, sooner or later, it
	2761.863	the time that the cold had reached its	maximum, we should have a uniform arctic fauna
	3044.619	groups of species have their points of	maximum development. Groups of species
1			mayer's
	4734.4	WATCH. 1767. 4to. 2s. 6d. 21.	MAYER'S DISTANCES of the MOON'S CENTRE from the
1			mayos
	5710.0	New Edition. Woodcuts. 12mo. 1s.	MAYOS (DR.) Pathology of the Human Mind. Fcap
1			mccullochs
	5676.0	Leeds, and Birmingham. Fcap. 8vo. 1s.	McCULLOCHS (J. R.) Collected Edition of Ricardos
2			mdash
	4656.88	Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty:	mdash; 1. A MANUAL OF SCIENTIFIC ENQUIRY
	5084.1	on Moral Training. Post 8vo. 7s. 6d. —	mdash (REV. W.) Three Visits to Madagascar
1			meadows
	1492.792	be long-toed corncrakes living in	meadows instead of in swamps; that there should
12			meaning
	870.113	utterly ignorant though we be of the	meaning of the law) that no organic being self
	1287.988	same species. This relation has a clear	meaning on my view of the subject: I look at
	1636.70	we can clearly understand the full	meaning of that old canon in natural history
	2564.35	On the theory of descent, the full	meaning of the fact of fossil remains from
	3119.22	or less alike. But I must explain my	meaning more fully. I believe that the
	3233.502	a metaphorical sense: they are far from	meaning that during a long course of descent
	3269.607	the offspring and parent. I am far from	meaning that this is invariably the case; and I
	3315.4	cases, firmly soldered together! The	meaning of rudimentary organs is often quite
	3502.49	have been the same. We see the full	meaning of the wonderful fact, which must have
	3524.56	can clearly understand on this view the	meaning of rudimentary organs. But disuse and
	3532.473	The mind cannot possibly grasp the full	meaning of the term of a hundred million years
	5560.71	Ramifications; or, the Derivation and	Meaning of Divers Words. Fcap. 8vo. 4s
101			means
	71.3	iii] ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY	MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE
	160.292	allies — Organs of extreme perfection —	Means of transition — Cases of difficulty
	192.188	same continent — Centres of creation —	Means of dispersal, by changes of climate and
	192.278	level of the land, and by occasional	means — Dispersal during the Glacial period
	258.77	to gain a clear insight into the	means of modification and coadaptation. At
	272.1395	has been the main but not exclusive	means of modification. [page] 7 CHAP. I
	435.781	It is the magician's wand, by	means of which he may summon into life
	437.214	of the world. The improvement is by no	means generally due to crossing different
	449.38	In regard to plants, there is another	means of observing the accumulated effects of
	526.500	every naturalist knows vaguely what he	means when he speaks of a species. Generally
	707.313	estate of a relation where I had ample	means of investigation, there was a large and
	713.597	are, must be habitually checked by some	means, probably by birds. Hence, if certain
	737.56	same genus have usually, though by no	means invariably, some similarity in habits
	784.95	by his methodical and unconscious	means of selection, what may not nature
	816.1520	though to them and to others, special	means of defence may be given through means
	816.1558	means of defence may be given through	means of sexual selection, as the mane to the
	822.658	any effect to such apparently weak	means: I cannot here enter on the details
	828.25	CHAP. IV. males, in their weapons,	means of defence, or charms; and have
	892.504	fertilising element; for we know of no	means, analogous to the action of insects and
	892.817	currents in the water offer an obvious	means for an occasional cross. And, as in the
	960.9	NATURAL SELECTION. CHAP. IV. have any	means of knowing that any one region has as
	1185.200	constitutions, and how much to both	means combined, is a very obscure question
	1211.549	corolla of the Umbelliferæ, it is by no	means, as Dr. Hooker informs me, in species
	1233.183	is rendered superfluous, without by any	means causing some other part to be largely
	1237.818	I presume that lowness in this case	means that the several parts of the
	1245.818	be understood that the rule by no	means applies to any part, however unusually
	1353.235	the parents. But whenever we have the	means of instituting a comparison, the same
	1412.816	of the inhabitants of any country by no	means exclusively depends on insensibly
	1462.789	at least, to show what diversified	means of transition are possible. Seeing
	1536.59	frena, which serve, through the	means of a sticky secretion, to retain the
	1560.992	so that individuals which could by any	means defend themselves from these small
	1628.220	not have been slowly accumulated by	means of natural selection. But we may
	1877.484	in the communities of ants, by the	means of natural selection. But I am bound to
	1972.313	generally confounded together-is by no	means strict. There are many cases, in which
	1980.401	and the facility of crossing is by no	means strict. A multitude of cases could be
	1994.447	is innately variable. That it is by no	means always the same in degree in the first
	2006.1504	capacity, as in hybridisation, is by no	means absolutely governed by systematic
	2020.616	to be expressed. The facts by no	means seem to me to indicate that the greater
	2265.548	which then lived; but I can by no	means pretend to assign due proportional
	2412.878	into competition. Hence it is by no	means surprising that one species should
	2681.356	whereas some plants, from their varied	means of dispersal, have migrated across the
	2687.1244	changes and various occasional	means of transport, the belief that this has
	2701.193	I must say a few words on the	means of dispersal. Means of Dispersal.—Sir
	2703.0	a few words on the means of dispersal.	Means of Dispersal.—Sir C. Lyell and other
	2705.21	one to the other. [page] 357 CHAP. XI.	MEANS OF DISPERSAL. No geologist will
	2707.1583	we know something definite about the	means of distribution, we shall be enabled to
	2713.57	few words on what are called accidental	means, but which more properly might be
	2713.115	properly might be called occasional	means of distribution. I shall here confine
	2715.21	of 137 days. [page] 359 CHAP. XI.	MEANS OF DISPERSAL. For convenience sake I
	2723.1279	hardly be transported by any other	means; and Alph. de Candolle has shown that
	2727.21	Pacific, procure [page] 361 CHAP. XI.	MEANS OF DISPERSAL. stones for their tools
	2739.21	quite as large as [page] 363 CHAP. XI.	MEANS OF DISPERSAL. the seed of a vetch
	2745.35	Considering that the several above	means of transport, and that several other
	2745.78	of transport, and that several other	means, which without doubt remain to be
	2749.106	thus become widely transported. These	means of transport are sometimes called
	2749.325	It should be observed that scarcely any	means of transport would carry seeds for very
	2749.568	the crops or intestines of birds. These	means, however, would suffice for occasional
	2749.845	of distant continents would not by such	means become mingled in any great degree; but
	2749.1417	by these wanderers only by one	means, namely, in dirt sticking to their feet
	2749.1841	last few centuries, through occasional	means [page] 365 CHAP. XI. DURING THE
	2753.177	would not receive colonists by similar	means. I do not doubt that out of twenty
	2753.490	what would be effected by occasional	means of transport, during the long lapse of
	2857.341	pretend to indicate the exact lines and	means of migration, or the reason why certain
	2867.76	the southern hemisphere by occasional	means of transport, and by the aid, as
	2867.244	Glacial period, by icebergs. By these	means, as I believe, the southern shores of
	2886.334	occasional transport by accidental	means; like that of the live fish not rarely
	2886.1501	changes, and consequently time and	means for much migration. In the second place
	2898.424	a very wide range. I think favourable	means of dispersal explain this fact. I have
	2906.29	dropped. In considering these several	means of distribution, [page
	2924.765	of modified descendants. But it by no	means follows, that, because in an island
	2936.445	transported to an island by some other	means; and the plant then becoming slightly
	2960.457	better with the view of occasional	means of transport having been largely
	2966.577	some unknown, but highly efficient	means for their transportal. Would the just
	2972.1865	colonists, whether by occasional	means of transport or [page] 399 CHAP. XII
	2988.147	having been stocked by occasional	means of transport—a seed, for instance, of
	3024.269	with respect to the many and curious	means of occasional transport,—a subject
	3028.296	As showing how diversified are the	means of occasional transport, I have
	3028.370	discussed at some little length the	means of dispersal of fresh-water productions
	3038.212	peculiar; and why, in relation to the	means of migration, one group of beings, even
	3044.455	different conditions or by occasional	means of transport, and by the species having
	3069.325	are most unlike; or as an artificial	means for enunciating, as briefly as possible
	3081.346	are important is generally, but by no	means always, true. But their importance for
	3103.199	ages of each species. But it is by no	means obvious, on the ordinary view, why the
	3191.104	has only separated groups: it has by no	means made them; for if every form which has
	3223.315	of parturition of mammals, will by no	means explain the same construction in the
	3275.802	horse, I find that the colts have by no	means acquired their full amount of
	3378.327	should have been perfected, not by	means superior to, though analogous with
	3398.394	good chance for wide migration by many	means. A broken or interrupted range may
	3398.1004	ignorant of the many occasional	means of transport. With respect to distinct
	3398.1187	has necessarily been slow, all the	means of migration will have been possible
	3424.338	pretended that we know all the varied	means of Distribution during the long lapse
	3434.286	see the most powerful and ever-acting	means of selection. The struggle for
	3440.328	depend on having special weapons or	means of defence, or on the charms of the
	3498.244	and to the many occasional and unknown	means of dispersal, then we can understand
	3498.639	bond of ordinary generation, and the	means of [page] 477 CHAP. XIV
	3534.116	under the form of an abstract, I by no	means expect to convince experienced
	3572.102	and when we better know the many	means of migration, then, by the light which
	3572.578	continent in relation to their apparent	means of immigration, some light can be
	3837.11	Dirt on feet of birds, 362. Dispersal,	means of, 356. ——during glacial period
	3839.4	Distribution, geographical, 346. ——,	means of, 356. Disuse, effects of, under
	4177.0	Matthiola, reciprocal crosses of, 258.	Means of dispersal, 356. Melipona domestica
1			means—dispersal
	2635.270	level of the land, and by occasional	means—Dispersal during the Glacial period co-extensive
15			meant
	526.873	By a monstrosity I presume is	meant some considerable deviation of
	1269.169	To explain by a simple example what is	meant. If some species in a large genus of
	1638.156	of Existence. By unity of type is	meant that fundamental agreement in structure
	1651.179	term; but every one understands what is	meant, when it is said that instinct impels
	1976.35	By the term systematic affinity is	meant, the resemblance between species in
	2520.159	or groups. If by this term it is	meant that an extinct form is directly
	2566.254	to each other's satisfaction what is	meant by high and low forms. But in one
	3006.837	species have enormous ranges. It is not	meant that in world- [page] 405 CHAP. XII
	3010.582	been greatly reduced. Still less is it	meant, that a species which apparently has
	3069.126	called the Natural System. But what is	meant by this system? Some authors look at it
	3069.760	think that something more is	meant by the Natural System; they believe
	3069.918	order in time or space, or what else is	meant by the plan of the Creator, it seems to
	3119.595	The reader will best understand what is	meant, if he will take the trouble of
	3251.167	possible to define clearly what is	meant by the organisation being higher or
	3351.1334	beings,—we shall understand what is	meant by the natural system: it is
5			measure
	2177.19	OF THE CHAP. IX. are the result and	measure of the degradation which the earth's
	2213.798	of cliff of any given height, we could	measure the time requisite to have denuded the
	3578.121	formations probably serves as a fair	measure of the lapse of actual time. A number
	3578.479	the accuracy of organic change as a	measure of time. During early periods of the
	4139.7	modern changes of the earth, 95. ——, on	measure of denudation, 283. —, on a
8			measured
	2402.417	though undoubtedly of high antiquity if	measured by years, only one or two species are
	2480.423	period (an enormously remote period as	measured by years, including the whole glacial
	2564.591	to find after intervals, very long as	measured by years, but only moderately long as
	2564.638	by years, but only moderately long as	measured geologically, closely allied forms, or
	2817.106	it endured for an enormous time, as	measured by years, at each point. The cold may
	2839.60	than at present. The Glacial period, as	measured by years, must have been very long; and
	3277.220	hours after being hatched; I carefully	measured the proportions (but will not here give
	3398.185	very long periods, enormously long as	measured by years, too much stress ought not to
1			measurement
	2177.265	thickness, in most cases from actual	measurement, in a few cases from estimate, of each
4			measurements
	461.369	could never be recognised unless actual	measurements or careful drawings of the breeds in
	1779.245	identically the same with the best	measurements which have been made of the cells of
	1865.416	workers, by my giving not the actual	measurements, but a strictly accurate illustration
	3275.679	domestication; but having had careful	measurements made of the dam and of a three-days old
2			measures
	1763.631	skilful workman, with fitting tools and	measures, would find it very difficult to make
	5916.170	Chronology, Modern Coinages, Weights,	Measures, &c. Edited by EDWARD THOMAS
1			measuring
	3275.245	almost to be the case; but on actually	measuring the old dogs and their six-days old
1			mebediths
	5716.0	Life. By JULES BENEDIOT. 8vo. 2s. 6d.	MEBEDITHS (MRS. CHARLES) Notes and Sketches of
4			mechanical
	429.299	hooks, which cannot be rivalled by any	mechanical contrivance, is only a variety of the
	878.1516	other cases, though there be no special	mechanical contrivance to prevent the stigma of a
	3564.135	same way as when we look at any great	mechanical invention as the summing up of the
	6116.42	S (JAMES) Origin and Progress of his	Mechanical Inventions. Illustrated by his
2			mechanism
	1502.113	with pigment, and without any other	mechanism; and from this low stage, numerous
	4806.21	vo. 1s. each. BELL'S (SIR CHARLES)	Mechanism and Vital Endowments of the Hand as
2			mediæval
	5700.40	MARRYATS (JOSEPH) History of Modern and	Mediæval Pottery and Porcelain. With a
	6000.4	A. 8vo. and 12mo. [In preparation. ———	Mediæval Latin-English Dictionary. Selected from
1			mediate
	2550.0	GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION. CHAP. X.	mediate in general character between that which
1			medicinal
	735.331	together different varieties of the	medicinal leech. It may even be doubted whether
2			mediocrity
	5046.95	whether great excellence or only	mediocrity be required. By LIEUT.-COL. HUTCHINSON
	5512.120	whether great Excellence or only	Mediocrity be required. Third Edition. Revised and
5			mediterranean
	393.71	British islets, or on the shores of the	Mediterranean. Hence the supposed extermination of so
	2227.1371	with the exception of a single	Mediterranean species, which inhabits deep water and
	2307.655	of Europe from the North Cape to the	Mediterranean, and from Britain to Russia; and
	2741.247	of quails which annually cross the	Mediterranean; and can we doubt that the earth
	2801.649	fish and other marine animals, in the	Mediterranean and in the seas of Japan,—areas now
7			medium
	892.401	being indispensable, by considering the	medium in which terrestrial animals live, and
	976.290	fanciers do not and will not admire a	medium standard, but like extremes," they both
	1032.97	will invariably prevail and multiply: a	medium form may often long endure, and may or
	4812.139	With 200 Illustrations. 2 Vols.	Medium 8vo. 42s. BLUNTS (REV. J. J
	4834.107	and Woodcut Vignettes. A New Edition.	Medium 8vo. 21s. cloth, 31s. 6d. calf, or 42s
	5912.92	of Borders, Initials, Vignettes, &c.	Medium 8vo. Cloth, 21s.; Calf, 31s. 6d
	5972.105	revised and enlarged. Illustrations.	Medium 8vo. 30s. SHAW'S (THOS. B.) Outlines
3			megatherium
	2440.392	embedded with the remains of Mastodon,	Megatherium, Toxodon, and other extinct monsters
	2474.291	whether they have thus changed: if the	Megatherium, Mylodon, Macrauchenia, and Toxodon had
	2596.56	in ridicule, whether I suppose that the	megatherium and other allied huge monsters have
1			melanism
	2110.501	suddenly appeared-such as albinism,	melanism, deficiency of tail or horns, or
12			melipona
	1767.1176	bee, we have the cells of the Mexican	Melipona domestica, carefully described and
	1767.1249	and figured by Pierre Huber. The	Melipona itself is intermediate in structure
	1771.716	adjoining cells. It is obvious that the	Melipona saves wax by this manner of building
	1773.55	case, it occurred to me that if the	Melipona had made its spheres at some given
	1781.101	the instincts already possessed by the	Melipona, and in themselves not very wonderful
	1781.249	of the hive-bee. We must suppose the	Melipona to make her cells truly spherical, and
	1781.548	on a fixed point. We must suppose the	Melipona to arrange her cells in level layers
	1825.1443	into a mass, like the cells of the	Melipona; for in this case a large part of the
	1825.1643	cause, it would be advantageous to the	Melipona, if she were to make her cells closer
	1825.1874	be replaced by plane surfaces; and the	Melipona [page] 235 CHAP. VII. NEUTER INSECTS
	4056.7	on slave making ants, 219. ——, on	Melipona domestica, 225. Humble-bees, cells of
	4178.0	of, 258. Means of dispersal, 356.	Melipona domestica, 225. Metamorphism of oldest
1			melodious
	822.958	thousands of generations, the most	melodious or beautiful males, according to their
2			melted
	1813.118	comb, with an extremely thin layer of	melted vermilion wax; and I invariably found
	2767.169	more temperate regions. And as the snow	melted from the bases of the mountains, the
1			melting
	477.503	one would expect to raise a first-rate	melting pear from the seed of a wild pear
2			melville
	5452.26	BORROW. THE MARQUESAS. By HERMANN	MELVILLE. LIVONIAN TALES. By a LADY
	5472.41	IN THE SOUTH SEAS. By HERMANN	MELVILLE. STORY OF BATTLE OF WATERLOO. By REV
1			melvilles
	5712.0	of the Human Mind. Fcap. 8vo. 5s. 6d.	MELVILLES (HERMANN) Typee and Omoo; or
8			member
	1484.449	sub-aquatic habits; yet this anomalous	member of the strictly terrestrial thrush
	1506.666	as perfect as is possessed by any	member of the great Articulate class. He who
	2006.1828	genus, than on the apple, which is a	member of the same genus. Even different
	2498.317	though here and there a single	member might long be enabled to survive. Thus
	2886.1770	so that we may imagine that a marine	member of a fresh-water group might travel far
	3175.41	Waterhouse has remarked that, when a	member [page] 430 CLASSIFICATION. CHAP. XIII
	3179.1284	their common progenitor, or of an early	member of the group. On the other hand, of all
	3217.435	anterior and posterior limbs in each	member of the vertebrate and articulate
50			members
	208.378	defines groups — Morphology, between	members of the same class, between parts of the
	325.607	hairy bodies, &c., appearing in several	members of the same family. If strange and rare
	375.1771	or fourteen, the normal number in all	members of the great pigeon family; and these
	1315.954	which already occur in some other	members of the same group. And this undoubtedly
	1464.18	are possible. Seeing that a few	members of such water-breathing classes as the
	1516.470	we look to an organ common to all the	members of a large class, for in this latter
	1516.614	remote period, since which all the many	members of the class have been developed; and
	1546.218	when the same organ appears in several	members of the same class, especially if in
	1546.262	of the same class, especially if in	members having very different habits of life
	1546.408	and its absence in some of the	members to its loss through disuse or natural
	1606.146	instrument, like that in so many	members of the same great order, and which has
	1606.604	it may cause the death of some few	members. If we admire the truly wonderful power
	1845.838	with the sterile condition of certain	members of insect-communities: the difficulty
	1851.665	with the sterile condition of certain	members of the community, has been advantageous
	1851.881	offspring a tendency to produce sterile	members having the same modification. And I
	1863.772	of vision, yet connected by some few	members in an intermediate condition. I may
	1877.1382	or volition, in the utterly sterile	members of a community could possibly have
	1877.1476	structure or instincts of the fertile	members, which alone leave descendants. I am
	2046.402	of the same species, that is between	members of different strains or sub-breeds
	2418.3	do not change will become extinct. In	members of the same class the average amount of
	2426.783	succession of ages, so long must its	members have continuously existed, in order to
	2458.1347	in the Australian seas; and a few	members of the great and almost extinct group
	2520.735	by a dozen characters, the ancient	members of the same two groups would be
	2526.97	eocene Mammals, with the more recent	members of the same classes, we must admit that
	2542.705	to each other; so that the older	members should differ less from each other in
	2542.797	their characters than do the existing	members of the same groups; and this by the
	2578.427	from each other than are the typical	members of the same groups at the present day
	2898.309	which have only a very few aquatic	members; for these latter seem immediately to
	3044.1133	In both time and space the lower	members of each class generally change less
	3055.362	and defines groups—MORPHOLOGY, between	members of the same class, between parts of the
	3057.542	for it is notorious how commonly	members of even the same subgroup have
	3159.1605	but give true affinities when the	members of [page] 428 CLASSIFICATION. CHAP
	3163.335	true affinity between the several	members of the whale family; for these
	3165.3	ancestor. So it is with fishes. As	members of distinct classes have often been
	3173.1324	more successful competitors, with a few	members preserved by some unusual coincidence
	3185.176	radiating affinities by which all the	members of the same family or higher group are
	3185.1072	between the many living and extinct	members of the same great natural class
	3191.1024	any definition by which the several	members of the several groups could be
	3197.1559	one great system; and how the several	members of each class are connected together by
	3201.106	web of affinities between the	members of any one class; but when we have a
	3203.34	Morphology.—We have seen that the	members of the same class, independently of
	3209.86	explain this similarity of pattern in	members of the same class, by utility or by the
	3217.125	not of the same part in different	members of a class, but of the different parts
	3231.350	for in molluscs, even in the lowest	members of the class, we do not find nearly so
	3255.562	whole groups of animals and in certain	members of other groups, the embryo does not at
	3295.167	cuttle-fish and spiders, and with a few	members of the great class of insects, as with
	3323.779	of the same part in different	members of a class, nothing is more common, or
	3359.505	or organs, though fitted in the adult	members for purposes as different as possible
	3546.290	weight extend very far. All the	members of whole classes can be connected
	3550.17	CHAP. XIV. embraces all the	members of the same class. I believe that
8			membrane
	1159.594	been inflammation of the nictitating	membrane. As frequent inflammation of the eyes
	1456.249	and the elongated fingers: the flank	membrane is, also, furnished with an extensor
	1486.586	their toes are only bordered by	membrane. What seems plainer than that the long
	1486.1093	In the frigate-bird, the deeply-scooped	membrane between the toes shows that structure
	1506.595	pigment and invested by transparent	membrane, into an optical instrument as perfect
	3211.474	and become gradually enveloped in thick	membrane, so as to serve as a fin; or a webbed
	3211.604	lengthened to any extent, and the	membrane connecting them increased to any extent
	3315.267	wings, and another mere rudiments of	membrane; and here it is impossible to doubt
1			membrane-connected
	1456.765	further believing it possible that the	membrane-connected fingers and fore-arm of the
2			membranous
	2966.805	shells, when hybernating and having a	membranous diaphragm over the mouth of the shell
	2966.1293	it, and when it had formed a new	membranous one, I immersed it for fourteen days in
16			memoir
	240.165	of species. Last year he sent to me a	memoir on this subject, with a request that I
	240.531	publish, with Mr. Wallace's excellent	memoir, some brief extracts from my
	2209.323	as shown in Prof. Ramsay's masterly	memoir on this subject. Yet it is an admirable
	2345.97	my own eyes has much struck me. In a	memoir on Fossil Sessile Cirripedes, I have
	2972.491	as shown by Dr. Hooker in his admirable	memoir on the Flora of this archipelago. The
	4794.36	d. BARROWS (SIR JOHN) Autobiographical	Memoir, including Reflections, Observations
	4898.18	vols. 8vo. 26s. BURGHERSHS (LORD)	Memoir of the Operations of the Allied Armies
	4902.58	Portrait of a Christian Gentleman: a	Memoir of the late Patrick Fraser Tytler
	5622.45	LORD) Lives of the Lindsays; or, a	Memoir of the Houses of Crawford and Balcarres
	5676.81	Political Works. With Notes and	Memoir. Second Edition. 8vo. 16s. [page
	5902.22	vo, 16s. PHIPPS' (HON. EDMUND)	Memoir, Correspondence, Literary and
	5954.10	Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo. 5s. RUSSIA; A	Memoir of the Remarkable Events which attended
	5970.12	Royal 8vo. 31s. 6d. ——— (G. P.)	Memoir of Lord Sydenham, and his
	6034.80	OF THE LATE BISHOP STANLEY. With a	Memoir of his Life. Second Edition. 8vo. 10s
	6088.27	TYTLER (PATRICK FRASER), A	Memoir of. By his Friend, REV. J. W. BURGON, M
	6110.23	mo. 5s. WARD'S (ROBERT PLUMER)	Memoir, Correspondence, Literary and
15			memoirs
	1910.118	It is impossible to study the several	memoirs and works of those two conscientious
	2508.93	Europe. Mr. Prestwich, in his admirable	Memoirs on the eocene deposits of England and
	4622.40	ABBOTT'S (REV. J.) Philip Musgrave; or,	Memoirs of a Church of England Missionary in
	4792.15	Post 8vo. 10s. 6d. BASSOMPIERRE'S	Memoirs of his Embassy to the Court of England
	4912.22	s. 6d. [page] 7 BUXTON'S (SIR FOWELL)	Memoirs. With Selections from his
	5022.16	Royal 8vo. 15s. —— LORD HERVEYS	Memoirs of the Reign of George the Second, from
	5376.16	Vols. 8vo. 18s. each. HERYEY'S (LORD)	Memoirs of the Reign of George the Second, from
	5436.14	DRAKE. By JOHN BARROW. FATHER RIPA'S	MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF CHINA A RESIDENCE IN
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	5880.19	Vols. 8vo. 30s. PEEL'S (SIR ROBT.)	MEMOIRS. Left in MSS. Edited by EARL STANHOPE
	5892.17	c. Fcap. 8vo, 5s. PHILLIPS' (JOHN)	Memoirs of William Smith, LL.D. (the Geologist
	5938.16	vo. 16s. [page] 28 RIPA'S (FATHER)	Memoirs during Thirteen Years' Residence at the
	5948.23	vo. 15s. ROMILLY'S (SIR SAMUEL)	Memoirs and Political Diary. By his SONS. Third
	6060.18	VO. In Preparation. SYDENHAM'S (LORD)	Memoirs. With his Administration in Canada. By
1			memorials
	6040.14	Edition. 8vo. 18s. —— Historical	Memorials of Canterbury. The Landing of Augustine
1			menced
	1819.0	CHAP. VII. CELLS OF THE HIVE-BEE.	menced cells, is important, as it bears on a
1			mencement
	2793.0	CHAP. XI. DURING THE GLACIAL PERIOD.	mencement of the Glacial period. We now see, as I
1			mendelssohn
	4808.57	Sketch of the Life and Works of Felix	Mendelssohn Bartholdy. Second Edition. 8vo. 2s. 6d
1			mendelssohns
	5714.0	South Sea Islands. 2 Vols. Post 8vo.	MENDELSSOHNS (FELIX BARTHOLDY) Life. By JULES
10			mental
	266.733	the subject of Instinct, or the	mental powers of animals, thirdly, Hybridism
	1649.415	to do with the origin of the primary	mental powers, any more than I have with that
	1649.549	of instinct and of the other	mental qualities of animals within the same
	1651.94	be easy to show that several distinct	mental actions are commonly embraced by this
	1689.167	variations have played in modifying the	mental qualities of our domestic animals. A
	1709.206	during successive generations, peculiar	mental habits and actions, which at first
	1709.386	has sufficed to produce such inherited	mental changes; in other cases compulsory
	1879.69	in this chapter to show that the	mental qualities of our domestic animals vary
	3580.163	of the necessary acquirement of each	mental power and capacity by gradation. Light
	3586.1195	good of each being, all corporeal and	mental endowments will tend to progress
1			mention
	295.134	animals under confinement, I may just	mention that carnivorous animals, even from the
3			mentioned
	313.109	seen, and will be hereafter briefly	mentioned. I will here only allude to what may be
	2898.476	explain this fact. I have before	mentioned that earth occasionally, though rarely
	3239.349	cannot be given, than a circumstance	mentioned by Agassiz, namely, that having
1			meredith
	5432.25	SOUTHEY. NEW SOUTH WALES. By MRS.	MEREDITH. LIFE OF SIR FRANCIS DRAKE. By JOHN
1			merediths
	5720.0	to 1844. Post 8vo. 2s. 6d. [page] 24	MEREDITHS (MRS. CHARLES) Tasmania, during a
22			merely
	441.245	ordinary cases. If selection consisted	merely in separating some very distinct
	443.683	do not pick out the best plants, but	merely go over their seed-beds, and pull up
	574.206	higher stage may be, in some cases, due	merely to the long-continued action of
	804.1319	a large part of their structure is	merely the correlated result of successive
	1183.1296	not to be looked at as anomalies, but	merely as examples of a very common
	1472.596	cases of changed habits it will suffice	merely to allude to that of the many British
	1502.63	commence a series with an optic nerve	merely coated with pigment, and without any
	1506.540	the simple apparatus of an optic nerve	merely coated with pigment and invested by
	1741.702	in the two countries, probably depends	merely on the slaves being captured in greater
	1763.104	details on this subject, but will	merely give an outline of the conclusions at
	1863.419	workers than can be accounted for	merely by their proportionally lesser size
	2321.177	preserved, transitional varieties would	merely appear as so many distinct species. It
	3069.172	by this system? Some authors look at it	merely as a scheme for arranging together
	3075.795	whole life of the being, are ranked as	merely "adaptive or analogical characters
	3075.1389	of these organs to mistake a	merely adaptive for an essential character
	3135.772	varieties of the pine-apple together,	merely because their fruit, though the most
	3179.467	are believed to be real and not	merely adaptive, they are due on my theory to
	3315.413	retain their potentiality, and are	merely not developed: this seems to be the
	3331.564	but this seems to me no explanation,	merely a restatement of the fact. Would it be
	3331.1091	in male flowers, and which is formed	merely of cellular tissue, can thus act? Can
	3558.788	forms now generally acknowledged to be	merely varieties may hereafter be thought
	3558.1086	treat genera, who admit that genera are	merely artificial combinations made for
2			merest
	717.592	periods of time, though assuredly the	merest trifle would often give the victory to
	1231.925	part of the head is reduced to the	merest rudiment attached to the bases of the
1			merged
	1227.120	and likewise some other facts, may be	merged under a more general principle, namely
1			meridians
	2655.61	of Africa, on almost exactly opposite	meridians of longitude. A third great fact
1			meridional
	3028.243	the whole world, or at least great	meridional belts. As showing how diversified are
2			merino
	435.1308	the principle of selection in regard to	merino sheep is so fully recognised, that men
	4393.7	variable, 156. ——selection, 87. Sheep,	Merino, their selection, 31. —, two sub-breeds
1			merionethshire
	2207.295	that he fully believes there is one in	Merionethshire of 12,000 feet; yet in these cases
1			merits
	3263.423	the animal has been born, what its	merits or form will ultimately turn out. We
1			merrifield
	5722.0	Illustrations. 2 Vols. Post 8vo. 18s.	MERRIFIELD (MRS.) on the Arts of Painting in Oil
1			meshed
	5143.117	and Beloochistan, with Descriptions of	Meshed, Balk, and Candahar, and Sketches of
2			mesopotamia
	5221.185	Travel in Ancient Assyria, Armenia, and	Mesopotamia; and Illustrations of Scripture
	5306.53	ASIA MINOR, CONSTANTINOPLE, Armenia,	Mesopotamia, &c. Maps. Post 8vo. —— EGYPTThebes
1			messrs
	2285.1050	chanced to have been preserved: thus,	Messrs. Lyell and Dawson found carboniferous
4			metamorphic
	2367.1122	away by denudation, or obliterated by	metamorphic action, we ought to find only small
	2379.1681	water, might have undergone far more	metamorphic action than strata which have always
	2379.1847	for instance in South America, of bare	metamorphic rocks, which [page] 310 IMPERFECTION
	2711.1078	other mountain-summits, of granite,	metamorphic schists, old fossiliferous or other
2			metamorphism
	2371.264	the extremity of denudation and	metamorphism. The case at present must remain
	4178.25	Melipona domestica, 225.	Metamorphism of oldest rocks 308. Mice destroying
9			metamorphosed
	2371.2	IMPERFECTION OF THE CHAP. IX. a	metamorphosed condition. But the descriptions which
	2383.239	to the silurian epoch in a completely	metamorphosed condition. The several difficulties
	2608.854	any known to us, may now all be in a	metamorphosed condition, or may lie buried under the
	3217.801	on the view that they consist of	metamorphosed leaves, arranged in a spire. In
	3233.55	speak of the skull as formed of	metamorphosed vertebræ: the jaws of crabs as
	3233.100	vertebræ: the jaws of crabs as	metamorphosed legs; the stamens and pistils of
	3233.158	the stamens and pistils of flowers as	metamorphosed leaves; but it would in these cases
	3233.345	both jaws and legs, &c.,—as having been	metamorphosed, not one from the other, but from some
	3237.211	inheritance, if they had really been	metamorphosed during a long course of descent from
1			metamorphoses
	1622.646	intermediate states show that wonderful	metamorphoses in function are at least possible. For
7			metamorphosis
	3251.1113	attached and to undergo their final	metamorphosis. When this is completed they are fixed
	3255.713	in regard to cuttle-fish, "there is no	metamorphosis; the cephalopodic character is
	3255.883	there is nothing worthy to be called a	metamorphosis." The larvæ of insects, whether adapted
	3295.300	young in these cases not undergoing any	metamorphosis, or closely resembling their parents
	3295.979	of the embryo not undergoing any	metamorphosis is perhaps requisite. If, on the other
	3295.1773	be useless; and in this case the final	metamorphosis would be said to be retrograde. As all
	4257.11	on homologous organs, 435. ——, on the	metamorphosis of cephalopods and spiders, 442. P
1			metaphor
	2385.1218	For my part, following out Lyell's	metaphor, I look at the natural geological
3			metaphorical
	647.75	Struggle for Existence in a large and	metaphorical sense, including dependence of one
	3233.464	however, use such language only in a	metaphorical sense: they are far from meaning that
	3560.263	aborted organs, &c., will cease to be	metaphorical, and will have a plain signification
2			metaphorically
	651.648	existence depends on birds; and it may	metaphorically be said to struggle with other fruit
	3123.17	XIII. CLASSIFICATION. degree; they may	metaphorically be called cousins to the same millionth
1			metaphysicians
	1657.42	Cuvier and several of the older	metaphysicians have compared instinct with habit. This
3			meteorological
	4692.19	of Stars. 10s. ——— MAGNETICAL AND	METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 1840 to 1847. Royal 4to
	4694.19	to. 50s. each. ——— MAGNETICAL AND	METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 1848 to 1855. 4to. 8s. each
	4696.37	ASTRONOMICAL, MAGNETICAL, AND	METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, 1848 to 1854. Royal 4to
7			method
	417.479	Majesty by crossing the breeds, which	method was never practised before, has
	1767.345	Nature does not reveal to us her	method of work. At one end of a short series
	4704.37	BESSEL'S AUXILIARY TABLES FOR HIS	METHOD OF CLEARING LUNAR DISTANCES. 8vo
	4708.11	Folio. 60s. 11. BIRD'S	METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING MURAL QUADRANTS.London
	4710.8	London, 1768. 4to. 2s. 6d. 12. ———	METHOD OF DIVIDING ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS
	5046.54	the Most Expeditious, Certain, and Easy	Method, whether great excellence or only
	5512.79	the most expeditious, certain, and easy	Method, whether great Excellence or only
10			methodical
	126.342	anciently followed, its Effects —	Methodical and Unconscious Selection — Unknown
	451.71	of selection has been reduced to	methodical practice for scarcely more than three
	453.10	high antiquity. In rude and [page] 34	METHODICAL SELECTION. CHAP. I. barbarous periods
	457.45	present time, eminent breeders try by	methodical selection, with a distinct object in
	491.684	partly unconscious and partly	methodical selection. Perhaps the parent bird of
	784.68	has produced a great result by his	methodical and unconscious means of selection
	830.998	of his greyhounds by careful and	methodical selection, or by that unconscious
	908.9	it will soon be exterminated. In man's	methodical selection, a breeder selects for some
	1697.978	the first tendency was once displayed,	methodical selection and the inherited effects of
	2060.736	produced under domestication by man's	methodical and unconscious power of selection, for
4			methodically
	461.180	very same process, only carried on more	methodically, did greatly modify, even during their
	515.1769	action of Selection, whether applied	methodically and more quickly, or unconsciously and
	1709.507	the result of selection, pursued both	methodically and unconsciously; but in most cases
	3432.329	own benefit or pleasure. He may do this	methodically, or he may do it unconsciously by
1			metre
	5872.167	Rules of Composition in Elegiac	Metre. Third Edition. 12mo. 4s. PAGET'S
4			metropolis
	1400.746	as are specimens taken from the	metropolis inhabited by each. By my theory these
	1412.470	that almost every species, even in its	metropolis, would increase immensely in numbers
	5008.56	A complete Guide for Visitors to the	Metropolis. Map. 16mo. 5s. ——— Westminster Abbey
	5322.60	Guide to all objects of interest in the	Metropolis. Map. 16mo. 5s. —— ENVIRONS OF LONDON
1			metropolitan
	5870.165	of the class Mammalia, delivered at the	Metropolitan School of Science Jermyn Street
2			mexican
	1767.1168	humble-bee, we have the cells of the	Mexican Melipona domestica, carefully described
	1853.748	use of which is quite unknown: in the	Mexican Myrme- [page] 239 CHAP. VII. NEUTER
4			mexico
	5134.129	Potomac, to Texas and the Frontiers of	Mexico. Plates. 2 Vols. 8vo. 26s. FELLOWS
	5406.56	Yacht Voyage to Texas and the Gulf of	Mexico. Plates. 2 Vols. Post 8vo. 21s. C
	5484.14	By REV. G. R. GLEIG. ADVENTURES IN	MEXICO. By G. F. RUXTON. PORTUGAL AND
	5956.32	RUXTON'S (GEORGE F.) Travels in	Mexico; with Adventures among the Wild Tribes
1			micropterus
	1462.111	flappers, like the logger-headed duck (	Micropterus of Eyton); as fins in the water and
3			microscope
	846.952	from different branches, under the	microscope, and on all, without exception, there
	1906.379	are perfect in structure, as far as the	microscope reveals. In the first case the two
	5684.90	the Invisible World, as revealed by the	Microscope. Second Edition. Plates. 16mo. 6s
12			middle
	1807.865	a smooth, very thin wall is left in the	middle; the masons always piling up the cut
	1815.145	slip of wood, placed directly under the	middle of a comb growing downwards so that the
	2267.541	we see a species first appearing in the	middle of any formation, it would be rash in
	2285.1283	the same species occur at the bottom,	middle, and top of a formation, the
	2339.462	of fossil mammals belongs to the	middle of the secondary series; and one true
	2536.892	were to be discovered above one of the	middle horizontal lines or geological
	5239.32	s. —— History of Europe during the	Middle Ages. Tenth Edition. 3 Vols. 8vo. 30s
	5245.62	the History of England, — The	Middle Ages of Europe, —and the Literary
	5344.15	vo. 26s. —— ARTS OF THE	MIDDLE AGES AND RE- naissance. By M. Jules
	5536.77	Political, and Industrial, in the	Middle of the 19th Century. 2 Vols. Post 8vo
	5566.48	M. JULES) Handbook of the Arts of the	Middle Ages and Renaissance. "With
	6052.64	Marble Architecture of Italy, in the	Middle Ages. Plates. 8vo. 21s. STRIFE FOR THE
1			mid-ocean
	2743.1092	rocky burthens on the shores of these	mid-ocean islands, and it is at least possible
7			midst
	741.1333	as peas and beans), when sown in the	midst of long grass, I suspect that the chief
	743.23	all around. Look at a plant in the	midst of its range, why does it not double or
	2408.172	living shells may still be found in the	midst of a multitude of extinct forms
	2408.1530	which intrude for a period in the	midst of an older formation, and then allow
	2725.125	on most islands, even on those in the	midst of the widest oceans; and the natives
	3255.1039	fed by their parents or placed in the	midst of proper nutriment, yet nearly all
	4305.7	destroyed by insects, 67. ——, in	midst of range, have to struggle with other
175			might
	234.448	occurred to me, in 1837, that something	might perhaps be made out on this question by
	250.248	succession, and other such facts,	might come to the conclusion that each
	337.953	body, so that free intercrossing	might check, by blending together, any slight
	379.74	Several other less distinct breeds	might have been specified. In the skeletons
	383.39	Altogether at least a score of pigeons	might be chosen, which if shown to an
	387.201	inherited sub-breeds, or species as he	might have called them, could be shown him
	399.1795	so that in each separate breed there	might be a tendency to revert to the very
	423.81	of Hereford cattle, whether his cattle	might not have descended from long horns, and
	461.458	question had been made long ago, which	might serve for comparison. In some cases
	477.556	from the seed of a wild pear, though he	might succeed from a poor seedling growing
	485.490	be more fully explained, two sub-breeds	might be formed. This, perhaps, partly
	493.490	established. Many slight differences	might, and indeed do now, arise amongst
	576.476	and the species as the variety; or it	might come to supplant and exterminate the
	576.543	exterminate the parent species; or both	might co-exist, and both rank as independent
	582.78	I thought that some interesting results	might be obtained in regard to the nature and
	584.118	generally present varieties; and this	might have been expected, as they become
	588.235	incipient species. And this, perhaps,	might have been anticipated; for, as
	590.351	side of the larger genera. This, again,	might have been anticipated; for the mere
	590.588	to the genus; and, consequently, we	might have expected to have found in the
	596.587	favourable for variation; and hence we	might expect that the circumstances would
	723.762	animal in large numbers in a district	might determine, through the intervention
	772.261	undergo a change, and some species	might become extinct. We may conclude, from
	782.298	we may safely conclude that the natives	might have been modified with advantage, so
	796.168	reason to doubt that natural selection	might be most effective in giving the proper
	810.590	life, if of high importance to it,	might be modified to any extent by natural
	810.1381	delicate and more easily broken shells	might be selected, the thickness of the shell
	816.721	by always allowing the victor to breed	might surely give indomitable courage, length
	822.1027	according to their standard of beauty,	might produce a marked effect. I strongly
	830.840	other period of the year, when they	might be compelled to prey on other animals
	836.99	animals on which our wolf preyed, a cub	might be born with an innate tendency to
	836.886	of this process, a new variety	might be formed which would either supplant
	836.1214	fitted for the two sites, two varieties	might slowly be formed. These varieties would
	842.1335	likewise be favoured or selected. We	might have taken the case of insects visiting
	842.1772	tenths of the pollen were destroyed, it	might still be a great gain to the plant; and
	846.1613	from flower to flower, another process	might commence. No naturalist doubts the
	852.712	far too slight to be appreciated by us,	might profit a bee or other insect, so that
	856.163	nectar to the hive-bee. Thus it	might be a great advantage to the hive-bee to
	856.533	were to become rare in any country, it	might be a great advantage to the red clover
	856.731	I can understand how a flower and a bee	might slowly become, either simultaneously or
	908.562	its polity not so perfectly occupied as	might be, natural selection will always tend
	912.759	rapid rate, a new and improved variety	might be quickly formed on any one spot, and
	912.804	be quickly formed on any one spot, and	might there maintain itself in a body, so
	912.989	A local variety when once thus formed	might subsequently slowly spread to other
	970.979	Mere chance, as we may call it,	might cause one variety to differ in some
	994.49	man's agency in foreign lands. It	might have been expected that the plants
	994.298	and adapted for their own country. It	might, also, perhaps have been expected that
	1032.840	But these breaks are imaginary, and	might have been inserted anywhere, after
	1080.142	or incipient species. This, indeed,	might have been expected; for as natural
	1149.17	by these insects. In some cases we	might easily put down to disuse modifications
	1159.843	eyelids and growth of fur over them,	might in such case be an advantage; and if so
	1167.291	in their organisation and affinities	might have been expected; but, as Schiodte
	1167.458	are not more closely allied than	might have been anticipated from the general
	1167.1460	Notwithstanding such modifications, we	might expect still to see in the cave-animals
	1171.419	Worlds should be closely related, we	might expect from the well-known relationship
	1197.1201	been of any great use to the breed it	might probably have been rendered permanent
	1211.676	flowers most frequently differ. It	might have been thought that the development
	1223.62	better fitted to be wafted further,	might get an advantage over those producing
	1263.805	a period not excessively remote, we	might, as a general rule, expect still to
	1275.410	strongly marked and fixed varieties, we	might surely expect to find them still often
	1305.814	weak, to reproduce the lost character	might be, as was formerly remarked, for all
	1311.108	have descended from a common parent, it	might be expected that they would
	1311.674	of a similar inherited constitution. It	might further be expected that the species of
	1315.227	or only analogous variations; but we	might have inferred that the blueness was a
	1315.470	simple variation. More especially we	might have inferred this, from the blue
	1406.320	and in such islands distinct species	might have been separately formed without the
	1456.826	and fore-arm of the Galeopithecus	might be greatly lengthened by natural
	1462.20	THEORY. CHAP. VI. surmised that birds	might have existed which used their wings
	1464.389	by the aid of their fluttering fins,	might have been modified into perfectly
	1478.163	the other species of the same genus, we	might expect, on my theory, that such
	1508.264	even as perfect as the eye of an eagle	might be formed by natural selection
	1514.1056	that a living optical instrument	might thus be formed as superior to one of
	1522.521	In such cases natural selection	might easily specialise, if any advantage
	1522.1128	In these cases, one of the two organs	might with ease be modified and perfected so
	1522.1304	other organ; and then this other organ	might be modified for some other and quite
	1530.793	that the now utterly lost branchiæ	might have been gradually worked in by
	1546.557	ancient progenitor thus provided, we	might have expected that all electric fishes
	1560.398	with constitutional differences,	might assuredly be acted on by natural
	1566.542	been formed in an aquatic animal, it	might subsequently come to be worked in for
	1574.312	it was a character of importance and	might have been acquired through natural
	1580.684	The shape, also, of the pelvis	might affect by pressure the shape of the
	1584.86	differences between species. I	might have adduced for this same purpose the
	1590.946	we may infer that these several bones	might have been acquired through natural
	1649.24	Summary. THE subject of instinct	might have been worked into the previous
	1661.376	a tune with no practice at all, he	might truly be said to have done so
	1663.254	that slight modifications of instinct	might be profitable to a species; and if it
	1669.1205	case either one or the other instinct	might be preserved by natural selection. And
	1683.251	habits in certain species, which	might, if advantageous to the species, give
	1717.335	the process of laying and hatching	might be inconveniently long, more especially
	1737.1378	very few in number, I thought that they	might behave differently when more numerous
	1757.266	that pupæ originally stored as food	might become developed; and the ants thus
	1761.115	of collecting pupæ originally for food	might by natural selection be strengthened
	1819.676	It is even conceivable that an insect	might, by fixing on a point at which to
	2020.447	cases, follow to a certain extent, as	might have been expected, systematic affinity
	2094.316	recent variability; and therefore we	might expect that such variability would
	2143.61	I enumerated the chief objections which	might be justly urged against the views
	2157.63	my theory, that one of two living forms	might have descended from the other; for
	2213.467	the overlying sedimentary deposits	might have accumulated in thinner masses than
	2273.1834	a geologist examining these beds,	might be tempted to conclude that the average
	2291.783	forgotten, as before explained, that A	might be the actual progenitor of B and C
	2291.834	actual progenitor of B and C, and yet	might not at all necessarily be strictly
	2291.940	in all points of structure. So that we	might obtain the parent-species and its
	2337.57	a remark formerly made, namely that it	might require a long succession of ages to
	2349.120	secondary period; and these cirripedes	might have been the progenitors of our many
	2351.1153	a confined range; the teleostean fish	might formerly have had a similarly confined
	2351.1262	been largely developed in some one sea,	might have spread widely. Nor have we any
	2351.1624	which any great group of marine animals	might be multiplied; and [page
	2379.1479	to have been formerly deposited; for it	might well happen that strata which had
	2379.1651	weight of superincumbent water,	might have undergone far more metamorphic
	2420.197	For though the offspring of one species	might be adapted (and no doubt this has
	2420.673	during long ages for the same object,	might make a new breed hardly distinguishable
	2444.629	still existing as a rare species, we	might have felt certain from the analogy of
	2478.18	SUCCESSION, CHAP. X. don and Horse, it	might at least have been inferred that they
	2492.632	inhabitants of the continuous sea. We	might therefore expect to find, as we
	2494.43	species spreading from any region	might encounter still more dominant species
	2494.1074	one birthplace and some from the other	might be victorious. But in the course of
	2498.324	though here and there a single member	might long be enabled to survive. Thus, as
	2528.1615	of some Silurian forms, that a species	might go on being slightly [page
	2556.278	lengths of time: a very ancient form	might occasionally last much longer than a
	2645.449	a slightly different climate, there	might have been free migration for the
	2713.88	means, but which more properly	might be called occasional means of
	2717.450	and it occurred to me that floods	might wash down plants or branches, and that
	2717.501	down plants or branches, and that these	might be dried on the banks, and then by a
	2717.1655	seeds of 14/100 plants of any country	might be floated by sea-currents during
	2721.80	plants belonging to one country	might be floated across 924 miles of sea to
	2735.248	even 18 hours. A bird in this interval	might easily be blown to the distance of
	2735.386	and the contents of their torn crops	might thus readily get scattered. Mr. Brent
	2735.1203	devoured by birds, and thus the seeds	might be transported from place to place. I
	2741.32	the seed of a vetch. Thus seeds	might occasionally be transported to great
	2749.1042	North America to Britain, though they	might and do bring seeds from the West Indies
	2755.938	at several distinct points; and we	might have remained [page] 366 GEOGRAPHICAL
	2839.878	a considerable amount of cold, many	might have escaped extermination during a
	2839.1667	vigorous and dominant temperate forms	might have penetrated the native ranks and
	2880.81	from each other by barriers of land, it	might have been thought that fresh-water
	2886.1800	a marine member of a fresh-water group	might travel far along the shores of the sea
	2892.985	I suspended a duck's feet, which	might represent those of a bird sleeping in a
	2892.1545	in this length of time a duck or heron	might fly at least six or seven hundred miles
	2896.276	the nearest land: how much farther it	might have flown with a favouring gale no one
	2904.1166	the Nelumbium undigested; or the seeds	might be dropped by the bird whilst feeding
	2924.463	shall see that this is true. This fact	might have been expected on my theory, for
	2928.1319	timber, or to the feet of wading-birds,	might be transported far more easily than
	2936.397	on my view, for a hooked seed	might be transported to an island by some
	2936.1204	compete with herbaceous plants alone,	might readily gain an advantage by growing
	2966.855	diaphragm over the mouth of the shell,	might be floated in chinks of drifted timber
	2978.739	to any other region: and this is what	might have been expected; but it is also
	2984.584	of the world. And this is just what	might have been expected on my view, for the
	2988.54	in the several islands. This difference	might indeed have been expected on the view
	2988.905	islands. Some species, however,	might spread and yet retain the same
	3075.295	the forms most like each other. It	might have been thought (and was in ancient
	3129.457	think, be the only possible one. Yet it	might be that some very ancient language had
	3135.1474	been attempted by some authors. For we	might feel sure, whether there had been more
	3139.486	under the Negro group, however much he	might differ in colour and other important
	3145.300	is of course preposterous; and I	might answer by the argumentum ad hominem
	3211.388	to transpose parts. The bones of a limb	might be shortened and widened to any extent
	3211.526	as to serve as a fin; or a webbed foot	might have all its bones, or certain bones
	3215.326	that the general pattern of an organ	might become so much obscured as to be
	3255.198	animals within the same class, that we	might be led to look at these facts as
	3269.480	which, for all that we can see,	might have appeared earlier or later in life
	3291.51	cases the successive steps of variation	might supervene, from causes of which we are
	3291.158	very early period of life, or each step	might be inherited at an earlier period than
	3295.1291	ages, the active young or larvæ	might easily be rendered by natural selection
	3295.1410	from their parents. Such differences	might, also, become correlated with
	3295.1519	so that the larvæ, in the first stage,	might differ greatly from the larvæ in the
	3295.1634	be the case with cirripedes. The adult	might become fitted for sites or habits, in
	3337.1142	organ useful under certain conditions,	might become injurious under others, as with
	3339.211	useless or injurious for one purpose,	might easily be modified and used for another
	3339.278	used for another purpose. Or an organ	might be retained for one alone of its [page
	3349.97	on the ordinary doctrine of creation,	might even have been anticipated, and can be
	3359.1140	on the contrary, their presence	might have been even anticipated. The
	3442.85	undergone great physical changes, we	might have expected that organic beings would
	3454.186	of species has been active, we	might expect, as a general rule, to find it
	3468.228	facts cease to be strange, or perhaps	might even have been anticipated. As natural
	3482.587	and modification, and therefore we	might expect this part generally to be still
	3510.588	of the nearest source whence immigrants	might have been derived. We see this in
	3578.206	of species, however, keeping in a body	might remain for a long period unchanged
	3578.391	competition with foreign associates,	might become modified; so that we must not
9			migrate
	1651.237	said that instinct impels the cuckoo to	migrate and to lay her eggs in other birds
	1717.395	long, more especially as she has to	migrate at a very early period; and the first
	1731.587	is found inconvenient, and they have to	migrate, it is the slaves which determine the
	1755.636	new nest shall be formed, and when they	migrate, the masters carry the slaves. Both in
	2321.472	of the archipelago would have to	migrate, and no closely consecutive record of
	2669.445	in direct competition with each other,	migrate in a body into a new and afterwards
	2681.308	is, that mammals have not been able to	migrate, whereas some plants, from their varied
	2681.649	side alone, and have not been able to	migrate to the other side. Some few families
	2789.508	the Old and New Worlds, began slowly to	migrate southwards as the climate became less
19			migrated
	1167.660	ordinary powers of vision, slowly	migrated by successive generations from the
	2669.939	period, so certain species have	migrated over vast spaces, and have not become
	2671.404	in believing that they may have	migrated from the same region; for during the
	2677.292	the same species could possibly have	migrated from some one point to the several
	2681.381	their varied means of dispersal, have	migrated across the vast and broken interspace
	2683.153	one area alone, and having subsequently	migrated from that area as far as its powers of
	2687.205	been produced within one area, and has	migrated thence as far as it could. It would be
	2687.1097	on the view of each species having	migrated from a single birthplace; then
	2689.241	from a common progenitor, can have	migrated (undergoing modification during some
	2755.345	apparent possibility of their having	migrated from one to the other. It is indeed a
	2795.134	which inhabited the New and Old Worlds,	migrated south of the Polar Circle, they must
	2795.355	ages ago. And as the plants and animals	migrated southward, they will have become
	2843.823	was most intense,—when arctic forms had	migrated some twenty-five degrees of latitude
	2845.109	animals, and some marine productions,	migrated during the Glacial period from the
	2851.192	plants and allied forms have apparently	migrated from the north to the south, than in a
	2857.415	why certain species and not others have	migrated; [page] 381 CHAP. XI. DURING THE
	2863.1059	peculiar and very distinct species have	migrated in radiating lines from some common
	3044.1499	those which have changed after having	migrated into distant quarters, in both cases
	3572.34	scended from one parent, and have	migrated from some one birthplace; and when we
3			migrating
	2677.976	and exceptional. The capacity of	migrating across the sea is more distinctly
	2839.1163	hand, the temperate productions, after	migrating nearer to the equator, though they will
	3578.309	period, several of these species, by	migrating into new countries and coming into
52			migration
	1731.633	it is the slaves which determine the	migration, and actually carry their masters in
	1743.43	day I fortunately chanced to witness a	migration from one nest to another, and it was a
	1749.175	of F. fusca (showing that it was not a	migration) and numerous pupæ. I traced the
	2269.72	we may safely infer a large amount of	migration during climatal and other changes; and
	2273.233	apparently been required for their	migration from the American to the European seas
	2273.689	to reflect on the ascertained amount of	migration of the inhabitants of Europe during the
	2273.1723	at different levels, owing to the	migration of species and to geographical changes
	2408.1674	namely, that it is a case of temporary	migration from a distinct geographical province
	2502.597	and extinction, and that there was much	migration from [page] 328 GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
	2602.886	duration of specific forms; that	migration has played an important part in the
	2608.34	may overlook how important a part	migration must have played, when the formations
	2645.111	of any kind, or obstacles to free	migration, are related in a close and important
	2645.470	climate, there might have been free	migration for the northern temperate forms, as
	2663.454	of dissimilarity will depend on the	migration of the more dominant forms of life from
	2663.906	of barriers comes into play by checking	migration; as does time for the slow process of
	2669.563	liable to modification; for neither	migration nor isolation in themselves can do
	2671.558	ancient times, almost any amount of	migration is possible. But in many other cases
	2677.584	of ordinary generation with subsequent	migration, and calls in the agency of a miracle
	2677.890	could not be easily passed over by	migration, the fact is given as something
	2683.201	from that area as far as its powers of	migration and subsistence under past and present
	2689.301	modification during some part of their	migration) from the area inhabited by their
	2703.211	must have had a powerful influence on	migration: a region when its climate was
	2703.292	different may have been a high road for	migration, but now be impassable; I shall
	2707.1253	and for many animals during their	migration. In the coral-producing oceans such
	2765.489	than in Europe, so will the southern	migration there have been a little earlier or
	2769.322	or nearly due north of them: for the	migration as the cold came on, and the re
	2773.644	a colder climate permitted their former	migration across the low intervening tracts
	2777.45	forms, during their long southern	migration and re-migration northward, will have
	2801.61	the waters of the sea, a slow southern	migration of a marine fauna, which during the
	2839.271	will have been ample for any amount of	migration. As the cold came slowly on, all the
	2849.337	modification during their long southern	migration and re-migration northward, the case
	2851.383	I suspect that this preponderant	migration from north to south is due to the
	2857.350	indicate the exact lines and means of	migration, or the reason why certain species and
	2863.907	of the Glacial period for their	migration, and for their subsequent modification
	2886.1516	consequently time and means for much	migration. In the second place, salt-water fish
	2910.913	longer time than the average for the	migration of the same aquatic species. We should
	2960.686	continent; for on this latter view the	migration would probably have been more complete
	3004.730	there has been intercommunication or	migration between the two regions. And wherever
	3006.46	between the power and extent of	migration of a species, either at the present
	3012.334	of transport; and consequently for the	migration of some of the species into all [page
	3026.287	of time being thus granted for their	migration, I do not think that the difficulties
	3032.292	are explicable on the theory of	migration (generally of the more dominant forms
	3038.221	and why, in relation to the means of	migration, one group of beings, even within the
	3044.379	attempted to show, be accounted for by	migration at some former period under different
	3398.376	will always be a good chance for wide	migration by many means. A broken or interrupted
	3398.751	will obviously have greatly facilitated	migration. As an example, I have attempted to
	3398.1196	necessarily been slow, all the means of	migration will have been possible during a very
	3498.106	during the long course of ages much	migration from one part of the world to another
	3502.447	On this same principle of former	migration, combined in most cases with
	3504.16	be different. On this view of	migration, with subsequent modification, we can
	3572.111	when we better know the many means of	migration, then, by the light which geology now
	4181.0	bees, 74. ——, acclimatisation of, 141.	Migration, bears on first appearance of fossils
4			migrations
	1755.300	own nest, does not determine its own	migrations, does not collect food for itself or
	2882.213	useful to them, for short and frequent	migrations from pond to pond, or from stream to
	2928.409	birds, during their great annual	migrations, visit either periodically or
	3572.324	trace in an admirable manner the former	migrations of the inhabitants of the whole world
1			migratory
	1681.4	page] 212 INSTINCT. CHAP. VII. the	migratory instinct, both in extent and direction
29			miles
	2171.760	about! Moreover, if we follow for a few	miles any line of rocky cliff, which is
	2199.89	thirteen and three-quarters British	miles. Some of these formations, which are
	2207.58	for instance, extends for upwards of 30	miles, and along this line the vertical
	2213.210	to the southern Downs is about 22	miles, and the thickness of the several
	2213.1573	that any line of coast, ten or twenty	miles in length, ever suffers degradation at
	2241.224	me more when examining many hundred	miles of the South American coasts, which
	2323.78	the archipelago now range thousands of	miles beyond its confines; and analogy leads
	2373.409	and from the amount of sediment,	miles in thickness, of which the formations
	2379.1533	that strata which had subsided some	miles nearer to the centre of the earth, and
	2687.916	though separated by hundreds of	miles of open sea. If the existence of the
	2693.372	at the distance of a few hundreds of	miles from a continent, would probably
	2717.1835	of the several Atlantic currents is 33	miles per diem (some currents running at the
	2717.1891	some currents running at the rate of 60	miles [page] 360 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
	2721.108	one country might be floated across 924	miles of sea to another country; and when
	2723.1076	be floated across a space of sea 900	miles in width, and would then germinate. The
	2731.311	their rate of flight would often be 35	miles an hour; and some authors have given a
	2735.293	easily be blown to the distance of 500	miles, and hawks are known to look out for
	2749.657	across tracts of sea some hundred	miles in breadth, or from island to island
	2755.140	from each other by hundreds of	miles of lowlands, where the Alpine species
	2809.319	Along the Himalaya, at points 900	miles apart, glaciers have left the marks of
	2892.1585	might fly at least six or seven hundred	miles, and would be sure to alight on a pool
	2896.219	on board the 'Beagle,' when forty-five	miles distant from the nearest land: how much
	2918.274	of New Zealand, extending over 780	miles of latitude, and compare its flowering
	2928.1403	shells, across three or four hundred	miles of open sea. The different orders of
	2944.296	inhabiting an island situated above 300	miles from a continent or great continental
	2948.1565	visit Bermuda, at the distance of 600	miles from the mainland. I hear from Mr
	2968.331	under the equator, between 500 and 600	miles from the shores of South America. Here
	2972.641	in the Pacific, distant several hundred	miles from the continent, yet feels that he
	5324.48	OF LONDON. Including a Circle of 30	Miles round St. Paul's. Maps. Post 8vo. (In
4			military
	4904.62	and English Dictionary of Naval and	Military Technical Terms. Third Edition. Crown
	4962.3	Germany, 1812-13. Plans. 8vo. 14s. ——	Military Operations in Kaffraria, which led to
	5052.49	on the Principle and Construction of	Military Bridges, and the Passage of Rivers in
	5052.96	Bridges, and the Passage of Rivers in	Military Operations. Third Edition. Plates. 8vo
1			milked
	311.595	in countries where they are habitually	milked, in comparison with the state of these
3			miller
	1773.335	bee. Accordingly I wrote to Professor	Miller, of Cambridge, and this geometer has
	2173.202	The observations on this head by Hugh	Miller, and by that excellent observer Mr
	4182.0	on first appearance of fossils, 296.	Miller, Prof., on the cells of bees
1			millet
	2735.843	Some seeds of the oat, wheat,	millet, canary, hemp, clover, and beet
9			million
	325.361	in the parent—say, once amongst several	million individuals—and it reappears in the
	659.556	then in twenty years there would be a	million plants. The elephant is reckoned to be
	659.979	century there would be alive fifteen	million elephants, descended from the first
	1072.126	generations, but each may represent a	million or hundred million generations, and
	1072.145	each may represent a million or hundred	million generations, and likewise a section of
	1514.593	the instrument to be multiplied by the	million; and each to be preserved till a better
	2217.194	years; or say three hundred	million years. The action of fresh water on
	2219.530	a far longer period than 300	million years has elapsed since the latter part
	3532.506	full meaning of the term of a hundred	million years; it cannot add up and perceive
5			millions
	1514.906	improvement. Let this process go on for	millions on millions of years; and during each
	1514.918	Let this process go on for millions on	millions of years; and during each year on
	1514.961	of years; and during each year on	millions of individuals of many kinds; and may
	2219.282	the surface may have existed for	millions of years as land, and thus have escaped
	2741.203	with seeds. Reflect for a moment on the	millions of quails which annually cross the
1			millionth
	3123.62	be called cousins to the same	millionth degree; yet they differ widely and in
1			mills
	5724.0	old Manuscripts. 2 Vols. 8vo. 30s.	MILLS (ARTHUR) India in 3858; A Summary of
3			milman
	5400.34	s. HORACE (Works of). Edited by DEAN	MILMAN. With- 300 "Woodcuts. Crown 8vo. 21s
	5402.20	Crown 8vo. 21s. —(Life of). By DEAN	MILMAN. Woodcuts, and coloured Borders. 8vo
	5478.28	EDWARDS. THE WAYSIDE CROSS. By CAPT.	MILMAN. MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF INDIA. By REV. C
1			milmans
	5728.0	s.—2. WASPS, 10s.—3. FROGS, 15s.	MILMANS (DEAN) History of Christianity, from
5			milne
	1002.0	page] 116 NATURAL SELECTION. CHAP. IV.	Milne Edwards. No physiologist doubts that a
	1552.543	every experienced naturalist; or, as	Milne Edwards has well expressed it, nature
	3103.451	urged by those great naturalists,	Milne Edwards and Agassiz, that embryonic
	3195.97	we are tending in this direction; and	Milne Edwards has lately insisted, in an able
	3878.9	fossil species of, 339. Edwards,	Milne, on physiological divisions of labour
2			milner
	5122.161	with Remarks on certain Works of Dr.	Milner and Dr. Lingard, and on some parts of
	5900.162	with Remarks on certain Works of Dr.	Milner and Dr. Lingard, and on some parts of
1			mination
	940.0	CHAP. IV. TO NATURAL SELECTION.	mination. Hence, perhaps, it comes that the
1			mind—never
	675.90	the foregoing considerations always in	mind—never to forget that every single organic
3			minds
	423.893	and refuse to sum up in their	minds slight differences accumulated during
	1703.267	seeing how universally and largely the	minds of our domestic animals have been
	3534.171	convince experienced naturalists whose	minds are stocked with a multitude of facts
1			mineral
	2468.370	climates, where not a fragment of the	mineral chalk itself can be found; namely, in
2			mineralogical
	2239.25	THE CHAP. IX. and great changes in the	mineralogical composition of consecutive formations
	2281.227	formation composed of beds of different	mineralogical composition, we may reasonably suspect
8			mingled
	511.491	many races may be kept true, though	mingled in the same aviary; and this
	1183.428	arctic wolf or wild dog may perhaps be	mingled in our domestic breeds. The rat and
	1695.55	and how curiously they become	mingled, is well shown when different breeds of
	1741.104	of slaves, and I observed a few slaves	mingled with their masters leaving the nest
	2749.858	would not by such means become	mingled in any great degree; but would remain
	2781.210	also, in all probability have become	mingled with ancient Alpine species, which must
	2795.397	southward, they will have become	mingled in the one great region with the native
	2843.1240	tropical lowlands were clothed with a	mingled tropical and temperate vegetation, like
1			miniature
	5722.50	MRS.) on the Arts of Painting in Oil,	Miniature, Mosaic, and Glass; Gilding, Dyeing
1			miniatures
	6100.130	of Paintings, Sculpture, Manuscripts,	Miniatures, &c. &c., in this Country. Obtained
1			minimum
	659.698	some pains to estimate its probable	minimum rate of natural increase: it will be
1			minister
	5664.109	of the Hon. ALEXANDER STANHOPE, British	Minister at Madrid from 1690 to 1700. Second
2			minor
	5136.54	CHARLES) Travels and Researches in Asia	Minor, more particularly in the Province of
	5306.21	Post 8vo. 15s. —— TURKEYMALTA, ASIA	MINOR, CONSTANTINOPLE, Armenia, Mesopotamia
1			minority
	5372.21	s. [page] 17 HEIRESS (THE) in Her	Minority; or, The Progress of Character. By the
9			minute
	1532.202	Pedunculated cirripedes have two	minute folds of skin, [page] 192 DIFFICULTIES
	1763.63	the Hive-Bee.—I will not here enter on	minute details on this subject, but will
	1787.203	the bees instantly began to excavate	minute circular pits in it; and as they
	2741.347	feet would sometimes include a few	minute seeds? But I shall presently have to
	2892.1155	I found that numbers of the extremely	minute and just hatched shells crawled on the
	3016.489	and eggs of many low forms being very	minute and better fitted for distant
	3251.1345	two eyes are now reconverted into a	minute, single, and very simple eye-spot. In
	3331.1004	the system; but can we suppose that the	minute papilla, which often represents the
	3337.264	in earless breeds,—the reappearance of	minute dangling horns in hornless breeds of
1			minutes
	2357.453	be for a naturalist to land for five	minutes on some one barren point in Australia
2			mirabilis
	1986.867	by Kölreuter. To give an instance:	Mirabilis jalappa can easily be fertilised by the
	4183.0	Prof., on the cells of bees, 226.	Mirabilis, crosses of, 258. Missel-thrush
1			miracle
	2677.624	migration, and calls in the agency of a	miracle. It is universally admitted, that in
2			miraculous
	3544.80	authors seem no more startled at a	miraculous act of creation than at an ordinary
	3574.887	and still existing causes, and not by	miraculous acts of creation and by catastrophes
1			miscellaneous
	6152.29	vo. 6s. YOUNG'S (DR. THOS.) Life and	Miscellaneous Works,edited by DEAN PEACOCK and JOHN
1			miscellanies
	4926.96	Dramas, 2 Vols.; Tales and Poems;	Miscellanies, 2 Vols.; Beppo and Don Juan, 2 Vols
2			miseries
	5708.40	MAXIMS AND HINTS for an Angler, and the	Miseries of Fishing. By RICHARD PESTN. New
	5884.57	Maxims and Hints for an Angler, and the	Miseries of Fishing. To which is added, Maxims
1			mislead
	667.483	domestic animals tends, I think, to	mislead us: we see no great destruction falling
1			misled
	3159.504	innumerable instances: thus Linnæus,	misled by external appearances, actually
2			missel-thrush
	737.479	species. The recent increase of the	missel-thrush in parts of Scotland has caused the
	4184.0	bees, 226. Mirabilis, crosses of, 258.	Missel-thrush, 76. Misseltoe, complex relations of
3			misseltoe
	250.1094	the bark of trees. In the case of the	misseltoe, which draws its nourishment from
	256.78	to a woodpecker, and some plant to the	misseltoe, and that these had been produced
	4185.0	crosses of, 258. Missel-thrush, 76.	Misseltoe, complex relations of, 3. Mississippi
3			missionary
	4622.71	or, Memoirs of a Church of England	Missionary in the North American Colonies. Post
	5456.0	MELVILLE. LIVONIAN TALES. By a LADY.	MISSIONARY LIFE IN CANADA. By REV. J. ABBOTT
	5630.24	d. [page] 22 LIVINGSTONES (REV. DR.)	Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa
1			missions
	6068.127	Dutch, British, and American	Missions. With an Historical Sketch of the
4			mississippi
	2199.593	that sediment is deposited by the great	Mississippi river at the rate of only 600 feet in a
	2273.1300	glacial period near the mouth of the	Mississippi, within that limit of depth at which
	2273.1555	in shallow water near the mouth of the	Mississippi during some part of the glacial period
	4186.0	Misseltoe, complex relations of, 3.	Mississippi, rate of deposition at mouth
3			missletoe
	635.1072	most plainly in the woodpecker and	missletoe; and only a little less plainly in the
	651.217	which already clothe the ground. The	missletoe is dependent on the apple and a few
	651.569	to struggle with each other. As the	missletoe is disseminated by birds, its existence
1			missletoes
	651.455	languish and die. But several seedling	missletoes, growing close together on the same
2			mistake
	1717.805	authority of Dr. Brewer, that this is a	mistake. Nevertheless, I could give several
	3075.1379	in the modifications of these organs to	mistake a merely adaptive for an essential
2			mistaken
	1484.149	unwillingly it takes flight, would be	mistaken by any one for an auk or grebe
	1717.1252	by advantage having been taken of the	mistaken maternal instinct of another bird, than
2			mistakes
	1883.641	absolutely perfect and are liable to	mistakes;—that no instinct has been produced for
	3488.301	apparently not perfect and liable to	mistakes, and at many instincts causing other
1			misunderstood
	645.863	variation, will be dimly seen or quite	misunderstood. We behold the face of nature bright
1			mitchells
	5726.0	Coloured Revenue Map. 8vo. 10s. 6d.	MITCHELLS (THOMAS) Plays of Aristophanes. With
1			mitigate
	675.413	recurrent intervals. Lighten any check,	mitigate the [page] 67 CHAP. III. CHECKS TO
1			miuiains
	5784.0	s. LAYARDS ACCOUNT OF NINEVEH. 5s.	MIUIAINS FALL OF JERUSALEM. 1s. MAHONS "FORTY
5			mixed
	731.714	of wheat be sown together, and the	mixed seed be resown, some of the varieties
	731.961	the other varieties. To keep up a	mixed stock of even such extremely close
	731.1113	harvested separately, and the seed then	mixed in due propor- [page] 76 STRUGGLE FOR
	735.534	that the original proportions of a	mixed stock could be kept up for half a dozen
	982.1276	when first one variety and then several	mixed varieties of wheat have been sown on
1			mockery
	1351.653	cause. It makes the works of God a mere	mockery and deception; I would almost as soon
2			mocking
	1317.121	works, is due to its varieties	mocking, as it were, some of the other species
	4470.3	Thrush, aquatic species of, 185. —,	mocking, of the Galapagos, 402. —, young of
5			mocking-thrush
	2994.1219	are three closely-allied species of	mocking-thrush, each confined to its own island. Now
	2994.1291	its own island. Now let us suppose the	mocking-thrush of Chatham Island to be blown to
	2994.1373	to Charles Island, which has its own	mocking-thrush: why should it succeed in establishing
	2994.1612	be reared; and we may infer that the	mocking-thrush peculiar to Charles Island is at least
	4187.0	rate of deposition at mouth, 284.	Mocking-thrush of the Galapagos, 402. Modification of
1			model
	435.306	something quite plastic, which they can	model almost as they please. If I had space I
2			moderate
	2839.920	have escaped extermination during a	moderate fall of temperature, more especially by
	2904.220	them; even small fish swallow seeds of	moderate size, as of the yellow water-lily and
6			moderately
	1275.535	structure which have varied within a	moderately recent period, and which have thus come
	1502.275	can be shown to exist, until we reach a	moderately high stage of perfection. In certain
	2167.62	lines of sea-coast, when formed of	moderately hard rocks, and mark the [page
	2564.619	long as measured by years, but only	moderately long as measured geologically, closely
	2954.642	either side the islands are situated on	moderately deep submarine banks, and they are
	2966.907	in chinks of drifted timber across	moderately wide arms of the sea. And I found that
1			moderation
	48.28	conceit of sobriety, or an ill-applied	moderation, think or maintain, that a man can
23			modern
	451.390	far from true that the principle is a	modern discovery. I could give several
	858.208	Sir Charles Lyell's noble views on "the	modern changes of the earth, as illustrative
	858.658	to the preserved being; and as	modern geology has almost banished such views
	864.760	groups of animals, pair for each birth.	Modern research has much diminished the number
	1956.20	CHAP. VIII. largely accepted by	modern naturalists; namely, that most of our
	2480.1259	be little doubt that all the more	modern marine formations, namely, the upper
	2480.1342	pliocene, the pleistocene and strictly	modern beds, of Europe, North and South
	3028.134	important has been the influence of the	modern Glacial period, which I am fully
	3133.53	together all languages, extinct and	modern, by the closest affinities, and would
	3398.678	which have affected the earth during	modern periods; and such changes will
	3619.13	and glaciers of, 373. —, South, no	modern formations on west coast
	4138.7	the struggle for existence, 62. ——, on	modern changes of the earth, 95. ——, on
	4950.12	Considered. 8vo. 5s. 6d. —— (GEORGE)	Modern India. A Sketch of the System of Civil
	5008.4	Second Edition. Post 8vo. 16s. ———	Modern London. A complete Guide for Visitors
	5048.9	Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 9s. DOMESTIC	MODERN COOKERY. Founded on Principles of
	5070.14	Portrait. 8vo. 15s. —— History of	Modern Europe. From the taking of
	5322.3	Second Edition. Post 8vo. 16s. ——	MODERN LONDON. A Guide to all objects of
	5640.3	Edition. Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo. 5s. ———	Modern Botany; a Popular Introduction to the
	5646.52	CHARLES) Principles of Geology; or, the	Modern Changes of the Earth and its
	5700.29	vo. 2s. MARRYATS (JOSEPH) History of	Modern and Mediæval Pottery and Porcelain
	5742.0	of the Carlist War. Post 8vo. 2s. 6d.	MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY. Founded on Principles
	5916.144	of Indian History, Chronology,	Modern Coinages, Weights, Measures, &c. Edited
	6078.78	of the Ancients, in its bearing on	Modern Times. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. —— Notes on
1			modifi
	3069.1484	hidden as it is by various degrees of	modifi- [page] 414 CLASSIFICATION. CHAP. XIII
1			modifica
	922.879	for, and become adapted to, through	modifica- [page] 105 CHAP. IV. TO NATURAL
161			modification
	160.47	on the theory of descent with	modification — Transitions — Absence or rarity of
	200.275	from the nearest source with subsequent	modification — Summary of the last and present
	208.150	explained on the theory of descent with	modification — Classification of varieties — Descent
	258.86	gain a clear insight into the means of	modification and coadaptation. At the commencement
	260.163	see that a large amount of hereditary	modification is at least possible, and, what is
	272.508	as I believe, the future success and	modification of every inhabitant of this world
	272.1404	the main but not exclusive means of	modification. [page] 7 CHAP. I. VARIATION UNDER
	289.235	still capable of rapid improvement or	modification. It has been disputed at what period
	505.81	the accumulation of a large amount of	modification in almost any desired direction. But as
	526.1087	in a technical sense, as implying a	modification directly due to the physical conditions
	776.74	intruders. In such case, every slight	modification, which in the course of ages chanced to
	784.1240	monstrous form; or at least by some	modification prominent enough to catch his eye, or
	810.1107	bird's own advantage, the process of	modification would be very slow, and there would be
	862.35	IV. beings, or of any great and sudden	modification in their structure. On the
	908.300	the best animals, much improvement and	modification surely but slowly follow from this
	920.882	of life change and they undergo	modification, uniformity of character can be given
	934.972	of new species, yet that the course of	modification will generally have been more rapid on
	936.509	severe, and there will have been less	modification and less exter- [page] 107 CHAP. IV
	948.225	inhabitants of the country undergoing	modification of some kind. The existence of such
	964.269	competition with those undergoing	modification and improvement, will naturally suffer
	1034.722	I do not doubt that the process of	modification will be confined to a single line of
	1038.13	SELECTION. CHAP. IV. of divergent	modification may have been increased in the
	1040.569	to suppose the steps in the process of	modification to be more numerous or greater in
	1048.26	of space. But during the process of	modification, represented in the diagram, another of
	1054.69	to represent a considerable amount of	modification, species (A) and all the earlier
	1060.816	first commencement of the process of	modification, will be widely different from the
	1064.80	genera are produced by descent, with	modification, from two or more species of the same
	1078.40	I see no reason to limit the process of	modification, as now explained, to the formation of
	1078.725	according to the amount of divergent	modification supposed to be represented in the
	1096.252	productions. Therefore during the	modification of the descendants of any one species
	1195.72	played a considerable part in the	modification of the constitution, and of the
	1219.242	through natural selection some one	modification in structure, and, after thousands of
	1219.333	generations, some other and independent	modification; and these two modifications, having
	1261.388	variability in the structure undergoing	modification. It further deserves notice that these
	1263.228	undergone an extraordinary amount of	modification, since the period when the species
	1263.481	period. An extraordinary amount of	modification implies an unusually large and long
	1267.495	It is only in those cases in which the	modification has been comparatively recent and
	1361.717	gone through an extraordinary amount of	modification since the genus arose; and thus we can
	1380.127	of a bat, could have been formed by the	modification of some animal with wholly different
	1400.873	parent; and during the process of	modification, each has become adapted to the
	1420.385	is that, during the process of further	modification, by which two varieties are supposed on
	1430.51	country can be better filled by some	modification of some one or more of its inhabitants
	1438.94	and during the process of further	modification through natural selection, they will
	1454.407	fuller and fuller flank-membranes, each	modification being useful, each being propagated
	1472.207	selection to fit the animal, by some	modification of its structure, for its changed
	1494.683	the case; and if any variation or	modification in the organ be ever useful to an
	1522.1245	being aided during the process of	modification by the other organ; and then this other
	1568.686	charming the females. Moreover when a	modification of structure has primarily arisen from
	1574.921	of by the plant undergoing further	modification and becoming a climber. The naked skin
	1586.658	a most important part, and a useful	modification of one part will often have entailed on
	1592.46	selection cannot possibly produce any	modification in any one species exclusively for the
	1616.91	latter, during the course of further	modification, from existing in greater numbers, will
	1761.539	the instinct-always supposing each	modification to be of use to the species-until an
	1767.219	may, perhaps, be considered only as a	modification of his theory. Let us look to the great
	1825.1064	to our humble-bee, if a slight	modification of her instinct led her to make her
	1839.246	greater than that of any other striking	modification of structure; for it can be shown that
	1843.45	been born with some slight profitable	modification of structure, this being inherited by
	1851.576	has been with social insects: a slight	modification of structure, or instinct, correlated
	1851.905	produce sterile members having the same	modification. And I believe that this process has
	1859.523	each successive, slight, profitable	modification did not probably at first appear in all
	1859.749	most neuters with the profitable	modification, all the neuters ultimately came to
	1877.1092	animals, as with plants, any amount of	modification in structure can be effected by the
	2143.1025	during the course of further	modification and improvement. The main cause
	2279.336	thick one; and the species undergoing	modification will have had to live on the same area
	2285.1572	to undergo a considerable amount of	modification during any one geological period, a
	2331.514	to the theory of descent with slow	modification through natural selection. For the
	2400.214	or with that of their slow and gradual	modification, through descent and natural selection
	2412.208	or to an equal degree. The process of	modification must be extremely slow. The variability
	2412.506	causing a greater or lesser amount of	modification in the varying species, depends on many
	2432.729	and progressively; for the process of	modification and the production of a number of
	2502.544	underwent a considerable amount of	modification and extinction, and that there was much
	2506.772	in the one region than in the other for	modification, extinction, and immigration. I
	2528.93	accord with the theory of descent with	modification. As the subject is somewhat complex, I
	2542.601	known geological periods undergone much	modification, should in the older formations make
	2544.36	Thus, on the theory of descent with	modification, the main facts with respect to the
	2550.588	immigration, and for a large amount of	modification, during the long and blank intervals
	2592.30	animals. On the theory of descent with	modification, the great law of the long enduring
	2610.141	to follow on the theory of descent with	modification through natural selection. We can thus
	2610.414	yet in the long run that all undergo	modification to some extent. The extinction of old
	2610.723	periods of time; for the process of	modification is necessarily slow, and depends on
	2663.275	different regions may be attributed to	modification through natural selection, and in a
	2663.954	as does time for the slow process of	modification through natural selection. Widely
	2663.1314	and will frequently undergo further	modification and improvement; and thus they will
	2663.1483	On this principle of inheritance with	modification, we can understand how it is that
	2669.292	struggle for life, so the degree of	modification in different species will be no uniform
	2669.537	country, they will be little liable to	modification; for neither migration nor isolation in
	2671.329	whole geological periods but little	modification, there is not much difficulty in
	2689.262	can have migrated (undergoing	modification during some part of their migration
	2693.162	clearly understand, on the principle of	modification, why the inhabitants of a region should
	2693.1162	he attributes to generation with	modification. The previous remarks on "single and
	2695.608	so that, at each successive stage of	modification and improvement, all the individuals of
	2699.182	believe that during the slow process of	modification the individuals of the species will
	2699.371	changing, and the whole amount of	modification will not have been due, at each stage
	2777.387	they will not have been liable to much	modification. But with our Alpine productions, left
	2781.614	they will have been liable to	modification; and this we find has been the case
	2795.619	here everything favourable for much	modification,—for far more modification than with
	2795.646	for much modification,—for far more	modification than with the Alpine productions, left
	2801.250	Circle, will account, on the theory of	modification, for many closely allied forms now
	2849.297	of arctic shells underwent scarcely any	modification during their long southern migration
	2863.705	is, on my theory of descent with	modification, a far more remarkable case of
	2863.943	migration, and for their subsequent	modification to the necessary degree. The facts seem
	2869.284	and that on this view, combined with	modification through natural selection, a multitude
	2916.927	creation and of descent with	modification. The species of all kinds which
	2924.683	associates, will be eminently liable to	modification, and will often produce groups of
	2928.988	consequently have been little liable to	modification. Madeira, again, is inhabited by a
	2954.1615	genera are distinct. As the amount of	modification in all cases depends to [page
	2960.743	have been more complete; and if	modification be admitted, all the forms of life
	2976.129	that such colonists would be liable to	modification;—the principle of inheritance still
	3004.976	showing us the steps in the process of	modification. This relation between the power and
	3010.1316	parent should range widely, undergoing	modification during its diffusion, and should place
	3018.820	source, together with the subsequent	modification and better adaptation of the colonists
	3032.375	of life), together with subsequent	modification and the multiplication of new forms. We
	3117.182	system is founded on descent with	modification; that the characters which naturalists
	3119.412	being due to the different degrees of	modification which they have undergone; and this is
	3127.641	like a pedigree; but the degrees of	modification which the different groups have
	3135.486	of descent with various degrees of	modification. Nearly the same rules are followed in
	3135.1527	whether there had been more or less	modification, the principle of inheritance would
	3145.132	had been produced, by a long course of	modification, from a bear? Ought we to rank this one
	3147.286	and sometimes a considerable amount of	modification, may not this same element of descent
	3147.458	groups, though in these cases the	modification has been greater in degree, and has
	3173.173	during the long-continued process of	modification, how it is that the more ancient forms
	3179.881	both groups have since undergone much	modification in divergent directions. On either view
	3211.108	successive slight modifications,—each	modification being profitable in some way to the
	3211.712	a wing: yet in all this great amount of	modification there will be no tendency to alter the
	3229.53	during a long-continued course of	modification, should have seized on a certain number
	3229.244	purposes. And as the whole amount of	modification will have been effected by slight
	3233.711	Yet so strong is the appearance of a	modification of this nature having occurred, that
	3261.280	as follows, on the view of descent with	modification. It is commonly assumed, perhaps from
	3267.580	is quite possible that each successive	modification, or most of them, may have appeared at
	3289.348	may become, by a long course of	modification, adapted in one descendant to act as
	3289.507	principles—namely of each successive	modification supervening at a rather late age, and
	3289.928	in the latter having undergone much	modification at a rather late period of life, and
	3295.492	from the young, during a course of	modification carried on for many generations, having
	3301.1868	variations in a long course of	modification having super- [page] 450 RUDIMENTARY
	3337.27	purpose. On my view of descent with	modification, the origin of rudimentary organs is
	3345.572	derivation. On the view of descent with	modification, we may conclude that the existence of
	3351.833	as allied, together with their	modification through natural selection, with its
	3353.34	On this same view of descent with	modification, all the great facts in Morphology
	3378.82	against the theory of descent with	modification through natural selection, I do not
	3394.97	on the theory of descent with	modification are grave enough. All the individuals
	3398.1139	and isolated regions, as the process of	modification has necessarily been slow, all the
	3424.553	overthrow the theory of descent with	modification. Now let us turn to the other side of
	3426.527	difficulty in ascertaining how much	modification our domestic productions have undergone
	3426.779	same, we have reason to believe that a	modification, which has already been inherited for
	3456.499	Hence during a long-continued course of	modification, the slight differences, characteristic
	3462.126	it can produce no great or sudden	modification; it can act only by very short and slow
	3482.556	an unusual amount of variability and	modification, and therefore we might expect this
	3492.146	support the theory of descent with	modification. New species have come on the stage
	3492.757	of dominant forms, with the slow	modification of their descendants, causes the forms
	3498.318	on the theory of descent with	modification, most of the great leading facts in
	3502.0	page] 477 CHAP. XIV. RECAPITULATION.	modification have been the same. We see the full
	3502.486	migration, combined in most cases with	modification, we can understand, by the aid of the
	3502.1311	in different proportions, the course of	modification in the two areas will inevitably be
	3504.43	this view of migration, with subsequent	modification, we can see why oceanic islands should
	3510.115	implies, on the theory of descent with	modification, that the same parents formerly
	3518.561	intelligible on the view of the gradual	modification of parts or organs, which were alike in
	3524.1376	by homologous structures, her scheme of	modification, which it seems that we wilfully will
	3546.53	how far I extend the doctrine of the	modification of species. The question is difficult
	3546.717	implies an enormous amount of	modification in the descendants. Throughout whole
	3546.948	doubt that the theory of descent with	modification [page] 484 CONCLUSION. CHAP. XIV
	4188.0	Mocking-thrush of the Galapagos, 402.	Modification of species, how far applicable
1			modification—classification
	3055.146	explained on the theory of descent with	modification—Classification of varieties—Descent always used in
54			modifications
	778.1130	balanced forces, extremely slight	modifications in the structure or habits of one
	778.1253	over others; and still further	modifications of the same kind would often still
	798.427	is modified through variation, and the	modifications are accumulated by natural selection
	802.40	the good of the being, will cause other	modifications, often of the most unexpected nature
	804.1090	which concern the mature insect. These	modifications will no doubt affect, through the laws
	804.1419	of their larvæ. So, conversely,	modifications in the adult will probably often affect
	804.1553	natural selection will ensure that	modifications consequent on other modifications at a
	804.1587	that modifications consequent on other	modifications at a different period of life, shall
	822.1379	age or during the breeding season; the	modifications thus produced being inherited at
	858.596	of infinitesimally small inherited	modifications, each profitable to the preserved being
	946.85	island will have to be filled up by	modifications of the old inhabitants; and time will
	1141.224	disuse diminishes them; and that such	modifications are inherited. Under free nature, we
	1149.49	we might easily put down to disuse	modifications of structure which are wholly, or
	1167.1442	for blindness. Notwithstanding such	modifications, we might expect still to see in the
	1197.353	The most obvious case is, that	modifications accumulated solely for the good of the
	1217.684	differences. Hence we see that	modifications of structure, viewed by systematists as
	1219.361	independent modification; and these two	modifications, having been transmitted to a whole
	1353.535	c., seem to have induced some slight	modifications. Habit in producing constitutional dif
	1357.216	and homologous parts tend to cohere.	Modifications in hard parts and in external parts
	1357.878	any particular function, so that their	modifications have not been closely checked by
	1361.1699	progenitors. Although new and important	modifications may not arise from reversion and
	1361.1772	reversion and analogous variation, such	modifications will add to the beautiful and
	1365.276	gives rise to all the more important	modifications of structure, by which the innumerable
	1392.119	by the preservation of profitable	modifications, each new form will tend in a fully
	1430.509	to see a few species presenting slight	modifications of structure in some degree permanent
	1472.452	structure afterwards; or whether slight	modifications of structure lead to changed habits
	1516.134	formed by numerous, successive, slight	modifications, my theory would absolutely break down
	1560.121	one organic being, to say what slight	modifications would be of importance or not. In a
	1560.636	present purpose by successive slight	modifications, each better and better, for so
	1628.147	for the welfare of a species, that	modifications in its structure could not have been
	1628.289	we may confidently believe that many	modifications, wholly due to the laws of growth, and
	1663.228	it is at least possible that slight	modifications of instinct might be profitable to a
	1663.597	wonderful instincts have originated. As	modifications of corporeal structure arise from, and
	1781.1382	mouths of her old cocoons. By such	modifications of instincts in themselves not very
	1821.61	acts only by the accumulation of slight	modifications of structure or instinct, each
	1831.178	of numerous, successive, slight	modifications of simpler instincts; natural selection
	1843.336	have transmitted successively acquired	modifications of structure or instinct to its progeny
	1845.926	in understanding how such correlated	modifications of structure could have been slowly
	1883.236	natural selection accumulating slight	modifications of instinct to any extent, in any
	2084.421	but is incidental on slowly acquired	modifications, more especially in the reproductive
	2321.524	no closely consecutive record of their	modifications could be preserved in any one formation
	2486.298	it will appear certain that all these	modifications of species, their extinction, and the
	2849.654	life; and it is probable that selected	modifications in their structure, habits, and
	3044.1820	of variation have been the same, and	modifications have been accumulated by the same power
	3075.1346	affinities. We are least likely in the	modifications of these organs to mistake a merely
	3165.76	often been adapted by successive slight	modifications to live under nearly similar
	3207.51	are formed by infinitely numerous	modifications of an upper lip, mandibles, and two
	3211.88	natural selection of successive slight	modifications,—each modification being profitable in
	3267.319	that each of the many successive	modifications, by which each species has acquired its
	3307.158	explained on the principle of slight	modifications not appearing, in the many descendants
	3359.677	of life, through the principle of	modifications being inherited at corresponding ages
	3426.646	the amount has been large, and that	modifications can be inherited for long periods. As
	3484.187	of successive, slight, but profitable	modifications. We can thus understand why nature
	3518.317	descent with slow and slight successive	modifications. The similarity of pattern in the wing
1			modification—summary
	2878.267	from the nearest source with subsequent	modification—Summary of the last and present chapters. AS
1			modification—transitions—absence
	1374.47	on the theory of descent with	modification—Transitions—Absence or rarity of transitional varieties
151			modified
	250.550	species inhabiting this world have been	modified, so as to acquire that perfection of
	264.591	will tend to propagate its new and	modified form. This fundamental subject of
	369.324	can be no doubt that a race may be	modified by occasional crosses, if aided by the
	431.156	have, even within a single lifetime,	modified to [page] 31 CHAP. I. SELECTION BY MAN
	461.732	s spaniel has been unconsciously	modified to a large extent since the time of
	515.402	thought. The effects of variability are	modified by various degrees of inheritance and
	588.517	which, though in some slight degree	modified, will still inherit those advantages
	624.383	still more dominant by leaving many	modified and dominant descendants. But by steps
	772.1152	inhabitants were in some manner	modified; for, had the area been open to
	782.314	that the natives might have been	modified with advantage, so as to have better
	798.391	when one part of the organisation is	modified through variation, and the
	810.599	if of high importance to it, might be	modified to any extent by natural selection; for
	822.1262	the view of plumage having been chiefly	modified by sexual selection, acting when the
	856.798	simultaneously or one after the other,	modified and adapted in the most perfect manner
	906.689	if any one species does not become	modified and improved in a corresponding degree
	920.942	of character can be given to their	modified offspring, solely by natural selection
	934.159	if some of these many species become	modified and improved, others will have to be
	946.189	the varieties in each to become well	modified and perfected. When, by renewed
	948.533	some of the inhabitants becoming slowly	modified; the mutual relations of many of the
	962.375	rare species will be less quickly	modified or improved within any given period
	962.486	be beaten in the race for life by the	modified descendants of the commoner species
	982.1648	of this species of grass, including its	modified descendants, would succeed in living on
	996.239	of the natives would have had to be	modified, in order to have gained an advantage
	1004.106	we may, I think, assume that the	modified descendants of any one species will
	1024.218	two varieties, being only slightly	modified forms, will tend to inherit those
	1026.665	single variety, but in a more and more	modified condition, some producing two or three
	1026.779	to produce any. Thus the varieties or	modified descendants, proceeding from the common
	1032.173	may or may not produce more than one	modified descendant; for natural selection will
	1032.575	enabled to seize on, and the more their	modified progeny will be increased. In our
	1034.11	of divergent variation. As all the	modified descendants from a common and widely
	1034.368	branches proceeding from (A). The	modified offspring from the later and more
	1046.286	tend to produce the greatest number of	modified descendants; for these will have the
	1052.0	page] 122 NATURAL SELECTION. CHAP. IV.	modified offspring of a species get into some
	1056.501	the other species of the genus. Their	modified descendants, fourteen in number at the
	1056.659	same advantages: they have also been	modified and improved in a diversified manner at
	1080.517	struggle for the production of new and	modified descendants, will mainly lie between
	1084.886	become utterly extinct, and leave no	modified descendants; and consequently that of
	1084.1491	ancient species may now have living and	modified descendants, yet at the most remote
	1098.175	these will tend to transmit to their	modified offspring that superiority which now
	1104.1152	periods, very few now have living and	modified descendants. From the first growth of
	1197.249	natural selection, other parts become	modified. This is a very important subject, most
	1257.369	from other species, and have been	modified through natural selection, I think we
	1257.1842	the tendency to reversion to a less	modified state, as well as an innate tendency to
	1267.234	the same condition to many	modified descendants, as in the case of the wing
	1267.903	tending to revert to a former and less	modified condition. The principle included in
	1279.77	that natural selection will have	modified several species, fitted to more or less
	1361.1053	variability and to reversion to a less	modified state. But when a species with any
	1361.1159	organ has become the parent of many	modified descendants-which on my view must be a
	1386.39	Thirdly, can instincts be acquired and	modified through natural selection? What shall
	1424.422	forms, for these will be more slowly	modified and improved. It is the same principle
	1430.313	of the old inhabitants becoming slowly	modified, with the new forms thus produced and
	1454.7	CHAP. VI. TRANSITIONAL HABITS. become	modified, and all analogy would lead us to
	1454.168	exterminated, unless they also became	modified and improved in structure in a
	1464.405	their fluttering fins, might have been	modified into perfectly winged animals. If this
	1478.346	either slightly or considerably	modified from that of their proper type. And
	1484.283	parts of its organisation profoundly	modified. On the other hand, the acutest
	1522.1147	of the two organs might with ease be	modified and perfected so as to perform all the
	1522.1313	and then this other organ might be	modified for some other and quite distinct
	1546.761	electric organs, which most of their	modified descendants have lost. The presence of
	1550.142	of analogous variations, has sometimes	modified in very nearly the same manner two
	1566.389	land animals, which in their lungs or	modified swim-bladders betray their aquatic
	1568.528	selection will often have largely	modified the external characters of animals
	1598.489	part comes to be injurious, it will be	modified; or if it be not so, the being will
	1606.198	same great order, and which has been	modified but not perfected for its present
	1628.451	taken advantage of by the still further	modified descendants of this species. We may
	1657.378	to our conscious will! yet they may be	modified by the will or reason. Habits easily
	1703.307	minds of our domestic animals have been	modified by domestication. It is scarcely
	1711.82	in a state of nature have become	modified by selection, by considering a few
	1725.207	their instincts but their structure	modified in accordance with their parasitic
	1821.232	how a long and graduated succession of	modified architectural instincts, all tending
	2078.786	been in some manner and in some degree	modified. From these facts; from the great
	2149.474	differed in some respects from all its	modified descendants. To give a simple
	2149.1016	breeds, moreover, have become so much	modified, that if we had no historical or
	2155.648	of the parent with that of its	modified descendants, unless at the same time we
	2291.988	the parent-species and its several	modified descendants from the lower and upper
	2299.332	their parent-forms until they have been	modified and perfected in some considerable
	2323.369	any decided advantage, or when further	modified and improved, they would slowly spread
	2331.750	must have lived long ages before their	modified descendants. But we continually over
	2412.1644	inhabitants of a country have become	modified and improved, we can understand, on the
	2412.1843	which does not become in some degree	modified and improved, [page] 315 CHAP. X
	2416.155	wide enough intervals of time, become	modified; for those which do not change will
	2426.860	order to have generated either new and	modified or the same old and unmodified forms
	2458.23	X. EXTINCTION. Hence the improved and	modified descendants of a species will generally
	2458.985	places to other species which have been	modified and improved, a few of the sufferers
	2532.0	GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION. CHAP. X.	modified in relation to its slightly altered
	2540.524	intermediate in character between their	modified descendants, or between their
	2542.210	lengths of time, and will have been	modified in various degrees. As we possess only
	2550.175	stage of descent in the diagram are the	modified offspring of those which lived at the
	2550.288	of those which became still more	modified at the seventh stage; hence they could
	2578.100	by nature, of the ancient and less	modified condition of each animal. This view may
	2592.348	closely allied though in some degree	modified descendants. If the inhabitants of one
	2592.479	of another continent, so will their	modified descendants still differ in nearly the
	2596.967	each of the six older genera has left	modified descendants, constituting the six new
	2596.1530	fewer genera and species will have left	modified blood-descendants. Summary of the
	2610.870	dominant groups tend to leave many	modified [page] 344 GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION. CHAP
	2614.230	extinct together, and to leave no	modified offspring on the face of the earth. But
	2616.166	to people the world with allied, but	modified, descendants; and these will generally
	2663.1423	victorious, and will produce groups of	modified descendants. On this principle of
	2669.994	spaces, and have not become greatly	modified. On these views, it is obvious, that
	2693.496	and their descendants, though	modified, would still be plainly related by
	2793.90	believe, their descendants, mostly in a	modified condition, in the central parts of
	2861.30	PERIOD. why certain species have been	modified and have given rise to new groups of
	2890.15	WATER PRODUCTIONS. quently become	modified and adapted to the fresh waters of a
	2910.820	that such low beings change or become	modified less quickly than the high; and this
	2910.1305	same identical form or in some degree	modified, I believe mainly depends on the wide
	2924.730	and will often produce groups of	modified descendants. But it by no means follows
	2924.1007	on the species which do not become	modified having immigrated with facility and in
	2936.489	and the plant then becoming slightly	modified, but still retaining its hooked seeds
	2954.350	or of allied species in a more or less	modified condition. Mr. Windsor Earl has made
	2960.820	of life would have been more equally	modified, in accordance with the paramount
	2962.183	retaining the same specific form or	modified since their arrival, could have reached
	2984.1111	immigrants should have been differently	modified, though only in a small degree. This
	2984.1794	considering how they have come to be	modified since their arrival), we find a
	3000.309	the colonists having been subsequently	modified and better fitted to their new homes
	3016.59	where they may have become slightly	modified in relation to their new conditions
	3032.1912	beings greatly, and some only slightly	modified,—some deve- [page] 409 CHAP. XII
	3038.715	presence of mammals, in a more or less	modified condition, and the depth of the sea
	3063.395	that the inevitable result is that the	modified descendants proceeding from one
	3119.932	genera (A, F, and I) have transmitted	modified descendants to the present day
	3119.1068	horizontal line. Now all these	modified descendants from a single species, are
	3123.506	be supposed to have been but slightly	modified; and it will then rank with the parent
	3123.940	successive period of descent. All the	modified descendants from A will have inherited
	3123.1249	of A or of I have been so much	modified as to have more or less completely lost
	3123.1592	are supposed to have been but little	modified, and they yet form a single genus. But
	3147.900	are the least likely to have been	modified in relation to the conditions of life
	3167.7	have probably arisen. As the	modified descendants of dominant species
	3173.432	the present day descendants but little	modified, will give to us our so-called osculant
	3185.406	transmitted some of its characters,	modified in various ways and degrees, to all
	3191.653	of which have produced large groups of	modified descendants. Every intermediate link
	3211.157	being profitable in some way to the	modified form, but often affecting by
	3233.644	legs in the other—have actually been	modified into skulls or jaws. Yet so strong is
	3285.304	the several new species have become	modified through natural selection in accordance
	3289.749	closely, for they will not have been	modified. But in each individual new species
	3289.1421	the young will remain unmodified, or be	modified in a lesser degree, by the effects of
	3295.804	the species, that the child should be	modified at a very early age in the same manner
	3301.574	the embryo is the animal in its less	modified state; and in so far it reveals the
	3301.1119	structure of the adult may have been	modified and obscured; we have seen, for
	3301.1382	shows us the structure of their less	modified ancient progenitors, we can clearly see
	3339.227	for one purpose, might easily be	modified and used for another purpose. Or an
	3359.606	embryos, which have become specially	modified in relation to their habits of life
	3365.104	from common parents, and have all been	modified in the course of descent, that I should
	3386.287	systems should have been profoundly	modified. Moreover, most of the [page] 461 CHAP
	3392.838	and that the offspring of slightly	modified forms or varieties acquire from being
	3392.1026	of life and crosses between greatly	modified forms, lessen fertility; and on the
	3392.1149	of life and crosses between less	modified forms, increase fertility. Turning to
	3404.809	in greater numbers, will generally be	modified and improved at a quicker rate than the
	3412.1719	regions until they are considerably	modified and im- [page] 465 CHAP. XIV
	3456.110	inordinately in number; and as the	modified descendants of each species will be
	3476.532	part, so that when one part has been	modified other parts are necessarily modified
	3476.569	modified other parts are necessarily	modified. In both varieties and species
	3578.404	with foreign associates, might become	modified; so that we must not overrate the
17			modify
	317.706	he will almost certainly unconsciously	modify other parts of the structure, owing to
	435.687	enables the agriculturist, not only to	modify the character of his flock, but to
	461.71	during centuries, would improve and	modify any breed, in the same way as Bakewell
	461.206	on more methodically, did greatly	modify, even during their own lifetimes, the
	483.3	page] 38 SELECTION BY MAN. CHAP. I. or	modify most of our plants up to their present
	749.331	in its new home, we should have to	modify it in a different way to what we should
	804.516	selection will be enabled to act on and	modify organic beings at any age, by the
	804.954	his cotton-trees. Natural selection may	modify and adapt the larva of an insect to a
	806.23	of the species. Natural selection will	modify the structure of the [page] 87 CHAP
	810.271	What natural selection cannot do, is to	modify the structure of one species, without
	812.223	so, natural selection will be able to	modify one sex in its functional relations to
	912.51	by natural selection always tending to	modify all the individuals in each district in
	922.258	so that natural selection will tend to	modify all the individuals of a varying
	1090.1140	inherited at corresponding ages, can	modify the egg, seed, or young, as easily as
	1781.55	conclude that if we could slightly	modify the instincts already possessed by the
	2060.1361	indirectly, through correlation,	modify the reproductive system in the several
	3211.316	there will be little or no tendency to	modify the original pattern, or to transpose
10			modifying
	778.960	for natural selection to fill up by	modifying and improving some of the varying
	834.45	the best dogs without any thought of	modifying the breed. Even without any change in
	908.887	life; and then if natural selection be	modifying and improving a species in the several
	1092.62	has really thus acted in nature, in	modifying and adapting the various forms of life
	1207.86	of the laws of correlation in	modifying important structures, independently of
	1568.439	have had a most important influence in	modifying various structures; and finally, that
	1689.153	accidental variations have played in	modifying the mental qualities of our domestic
	1761.494	in natural selection increasing and	modifying the instinct-always supposing each
	3289.1143	and disuse on the other, may have in	modifying an organ, such influence will mainly
	3484.512	no doubt sometimes comes into play in	modifying instincts; but it certainly is not
3			moisture
	305.636	attribute to the direct action of heat,	moisture, light, food, &c., is most difficult
	647.515	should be said to be dependent on the	moisture. [page] 63 CHAP. III. STRUGGLE FOR
	2143.815	away quite insensibly like heat or	moisture. I endeavoured, also, to show that
4			moles
	1159.12	CHAP. V. USE AND DISUSE. The eyes of	moles and of some burrowing rodents are
	3476.246	occasionally blind, and then at certain	moles, which are habitually blind and have
	3892.16	for aberration, 202. Eyes reduced in	moles, 137. F. Fabre, M., on parasitic
	4189.0	of species, how far applicable, 483.	Moles, blind, 137. Mongrels, fertility and
1			mollusca
	1464.79	breathing classes as the Crustacea and	Mollusca are adapted to live on the land, and
1			molluscan
	2227.1621	existed during the chalk period. The	molluscan genus Chiton offers a partially
7			molluscs
	2408.498	whereas most of the other Silurian	Molluscs and all the Crustaceans have changed
	2570.874	own class, may have beaten the highest	molluscs. From the extraordinary manner in which
	2584.1248	the wide distribution of most genera of	molluscs, it is not well displayed by them
	2892.1389	drop off. These just hatched	molluscs, though aquatic in their nature
	3231.22	of inheritance. In the great class of	molluscs, though we can homologise the parts of
	3231.321	And we can understand this fact; for in	molluscs, even in the lowest members of the
	3905.21	in birds, 212. Feet of birds, young	molluscs adhering to, 385. FRUIT-TREES
1			moltkes
	5744.0	New Edition. Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.	MOLTKES (BARON) Russian Campaigns on the Danube
6			moment
	1070.35	It is worth while to reflect for a	moment on the character of the new species F
	2466.256	at our presumption in imagining for a	moment that we understand the many complex
	2687.389	and separated points; nor do I for a	moment pretend that any explanation could be
	2741.189	is charged with seeds. Reflect for a	moment on the millions of quails which
	2777.457	productions, left isolated from the	moment of the returning warmth, first at the
	2984.1681	the world (laying on one side for the	moment the endemic species, which cannot be
1			monarch
	461.782	a large extent since the time of that	monarch. Some highly competent authorities are
1			monarchs
	417.339	pigeons were taken with the court. "The	monarchs of Iran and Turan sent him some very
1			monasteries
	4994.36	s. CURZONS (HON. ROBERT) Visits to the	Monasteries of the Levant. Fourth Edition. Woodcuts
1			monastery
	5746.0	the Balkan, 1828–9. Plans. 8vo. 14s.	MONASTERY AND THE MOUNTAIN CHURCH. By Author of
12			mongrel
	172.475	of varieties when crossed and of their	mongrel offspring not universal — Hybrids and
	399.882	any of the above-specified marks, the	mongrel offspring are very apt suddenly to
	411.431	when kept pure and when crossed; the	mongrel offspring being perfectly fertile;—from
	1896.463	of varieties when crossed and of their	mongrel offspring not universal—Hybrids and
	1908.161	and likewise the fertility of their	mongrel offspring, is, on my theory, of equal
	2050.50	of Varieties when crossed, and of their	Mongrel offspring.—It may be urged, as a most
	2078.408	reciprocal crosses, and he found their	mongrel offspring perfectly fertile. But one of
	2086.462	offspring of species, and the so-called	mongrel offspring of varieties. And, on the
	2102.100	able to point out, between hybrid and	mongrel plants. On the other hand, the
	2110.69	some authors on the supposed fact, that	mongrel animals alone are born closely like one
	2128.114	be considered as varieties, and their	mongrel offspring, are very generally, but not
	3386.58	when intercrossed and of their	mongrel offspring cannot be considered as
1			mongrelized
	884.614	such a vast number of the seedlings are	mongrelized? I suspect that it must arise from the
34			mongrels
	172.521	offspring not universal — Hybrids and	mongrels compared independently of their
	369.410	careful selection of those individual	mongrels, which present any desired character
	369.841	seems simple enough; but when these	mongrels are crossed one with another for
	405.23	on inheritance. Lastly, the hybrids or	mongrels from between all the domestic breeds of
	515.1496	extreme variability both of hybrids and	mongrels, and the frequent sterility of hybrids
	884.192	the seedlings thus raised will turn out	mongrels: for instance, I raised 233 seedling
	1345.1107	and bars and marks to reappear in the	mongrels. I have stated that the most probable
	1896.507	offspring not universal—Hybrids and	mongrels compared independently of their
	2044.36	by [page] 267 CHAP. VIII. FERTILITY OF	MONGRELS. farmers and gardeners in their
	2058.36	page] 269 CHAP. VIII. FERTILITY OF	MONGRELS. at first appears. It can, in the
	2072.36	page] 271 CHAP. VIII. FERTILITY OF	MONGRELS. yellow and white varieties of one
	2086.12	forms which are crossed. Hybrids and	Mongrels compared, independently of their
	2088.120	is, that in the first generation	mongrels are more variable than hybrids; but
	2088.552	of variability graduates away. When	mongrels and the more fertile hybrids are
	2090.35	page] 273 CHAP. VIII. HYBRIDS AND	MONGRELS. ous; but some few cases both of
	2092.44	but some few cases both of hybrids and	mongrels long retaining uniformity of character
	2092.167	in the successive generations of	mongrels is, perhaps, greater than in hybrids
	2094.28	hybrids. This greater variability of	mongrels than of hybrids does not seem to me at
	2094.111	at all surprising. For the parents of	mongrels are varieties, and mostly domestic
	2096.35	But to return to our comparison of	mongrels and hybrids: Gärtner states that
	2096.77	and hybrids: Gärtner states that	mongrels are more liable than hybrids to revert
	2102.154	On the other hand, the resemblance in	mongrels and in hybrids to their respective
	2102.669	each other closely; and so it is with	mongrels from a reciprocal cross. Both hybrids
	2102.720	a reciprocal cross. Both hybrids and	mongrels can be reduced to either pure parent
	2106.35	in [page] 275 CHAP. VIII. HYBRIDS AND	MONGRELS. the female, so that the mule, which
	2110.256	less frequently with hybrids than with	mongrels. Looking to the cases which I have
	2110.759	would be more likely to occur with	mongrels, which are descended from varieties
	2132.206	general resemblance between hybrids and	mongrels. Finally, then, the facts briefly given
	3964.30	on comparison of hybrids and	mongrels, 272. Geese, fertility when crossed
	4064.12	development of aphis, 442. Hybrids and	mongrels compared, 272. Hybridism, 245. Hydra
	4154.0	on land-shells of Madeira, 402.	MONGRELS. Lyell and Dawson on fossilized trees
	4190.0	far applicable, 483. Moles, blind, 137.	Mongrels, fertility and sterility of, 267. —and
	4351.53	rate of, 63. Resemblance to parents in	mongrels and hybrids, 273. Reversion, law of
	4519.15	fresh-water fish, 384. Variability of	mongrels and hybrids, 274. Variation under
3			monkey
	1590.120	that the same bones in the arm of the	monkey, in the fore leg of the horse, in the
	1590.674	the several bones in the limbs of the	monkey, horse, and bat, which have been
	2339.636	series. Cuvier used to urge that no	monkey occurred in any tertiary stratum; but
3			monkeys
	3810.12	of existence, 206. ——on fossil	monkeys, 303. —, Fred., on instinct, 208. D
	4195.0	compared, 272. [page] 498 INDEX.	MONKEYS. Monkeys, fossil, 303, Monocanthus
	4197.0	page] 498 INDEX. MONKEYS.	Monkeys, fossil, 303, Monocanthus, 424. Mons
1			monocanthus
	4198.0	INDEX. MONKEYS. Monkeys, fossil, 303,	Monocanthus, 424. Mons, Van, on the origin of fruit
1			monochanthus
	3141.1077	As soon as three Orchidean forms (	Monochanthus, Myanthus, and Catasetum), which had
1			monograms
	5700.137	Manufacture, a Glossary, and a List of	Monograms. Second Edition. Plates and Woodcuts
5			monsters
	2440.432	Megatherium, Toxodon, and other extinct	monsters, which all co-existed with still living
	2474.550	sea-shells; but as these anomalous	monsters coexisted with the Masto- [page
	2596.90	the megatherium and other allied huge	monsters have left behind them in South America
	3141.760	as the same individual. He includes	monsters; he includes varieties, not solely
	3337.469	often see rudiments of various parts in	monsters. But I doubt whether any of these cases
8			monstrosities
	291.297	treatment of the embryo causes	monstrosities; and monstrosities cannot be separated
	291.316	of the embryo causes monstrosities; and	monstrosities cannot be separated by any clear line
	313.285	entail changes in the mature animal. In	monstrosities, the correlations between quite
	526.794	be proved. We have also what are called	monstrosities; but they graduate into varieties. By a
	1119.601	as well as the greater frequency of	monstrosities, under domestication or cultivation
	1273.789	Something of the same kind applies to	monstrosities: at least Is. Geoffroy St. Hilaire
	3263.37	It is commonly assumed, perhaps from	monstrosities often affecting the embryo at a very
	3970.23	parts, 149. ———, on correlation in	monstrosities, 11. ———, on correlation, 144. ———, on
2			monstrosity
	526.848	but they graduate into varieties. By a	monstrosity I presume is meant some considerable
	828.726	it would have been called a	monstrosity. Illustrations of the action of
9			monstrous
	343.46	species, also, often have a somewhat	monstrous character; by which I mean, that
	417.878	the breeds so often have a somewhat	monstrous character. It is also a most favourable
	1199.94	tend to cohere; this is often seen in	monstrous plants; and nothing is more common than
	1476.725	mouths, till a creature was produced as	monstrous as a whale. As we sometimes see
	2110.423	chiefly confined to characters almost	monstrous in their nature, and which have
	3217.847	leaves, arranged in a spire. In	monstrous plants, we often get direct evidence of
	3323.561	and which is occasionally found in	monstrous individuals of the species. Thus in the
	3552.513	secreted by the gall-fly produces	monstrous growths on the wild rose or oak-tree
	3972.35	on variable parts being often	monstrous, 155. Geographical distribution
1			montenegro
	6130.16	Vols. Post 8vo. 12s. —— Dalmatia and	Montenegro; with a Journey to Mostar in
3			month
	1737.1869	the present year, however, in the	month [page] 221 CHAP. VII. SLAVE-MAKING
	5386.18	mo. 1,s. 3d. HOLLWAY'S (J. G.)	Month in Norway. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. HONEY BEE
	5638.106	and Calendar of Operations for Every	Month. Eighth Edition. Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo
8			months
	435.1499	is done three times at intervals of	months, and the sheep are each time marked and
	1737.1128	slaves feel quite at home. During the	months of June and July, on three successive
	1737.1315	leave or enter a nest. As, during these	months, the slaves are very few in number, I
	2731.581	of a turkey. In the course of two	months, I picked up in my garden 12 kinds of
	2898.1426	kept it covered up in my study for six	months, pulling up and counting each plant as
	5380.22	vo. 10s. 6d. HILLARD'S (G. S.) Six	Months in Italy. 2 Vols. Post 8vo. 16s
	5398.22	Post Svo. 18s. HOOPER'S (LIEUT.) Ten	Months among the Tents of the Tuski; with
	5962.67	of the Siege of Kars and of the Six	Months' Resistance by the Turkish Garrison
1			montrose
	5624.93	Balcarres, to the Original Dukedom of	Montrose, created in 1488. Folio. 15s. LITTLE
3			monuments
	357.93	ancient records, more especially on the	monuments of Egypt, much diversity in the breeds
	2165.1205	anything of the lapse of time, the	monuments of which we see around us. It is good
	5648.119	illustrated by its Geological	Monuments. Fifth Edition. "Woodcuts. Svo. 14s
2			moon's
	4734.29	s. 6d. 21. MAYER'S DISTANCES of the	MOON'S CENTRE from the PLANETS. 1822, 3s
	4760.32	s. 35. ——— TABLES, GENERAL, of the	MOON'S DISTANCE from the SUN, and 10 STARS
2			moore
	4914.54	Life, Letters, and Journals. By THOMAS	MOORE,. Cabinet Edition. Plates. 6 Vole. Fcap
	4916.44	Life, Letters, and Journals. By THOMAS	MOORE. Popular Edition. Portrait and Vignette
1			moores
	5748.0	through the Mist." Woodcuts. 16mo. 4s.	MOORES (THOMAS) Life and Letters of Lord Byron
1			moors
	5424.16	By JOHN DRWKWATER. MOROCCO AND THE	MOORS. By J. DRUMMOND HAY, LETTERS FROM THE
2			moquin-tandon
	1125.940	near the sea affects their colours.	Moquin-Tandon gives a list of plants which when
	4200.0	on the origin of fruit-trees, 29, 39.	Moquin-Tandon on sea-side plants, 132. Morphology
1			moraine
	2811.588	I now feel convinced was a gigantic	moraine, left far below any existing glacier
2			moraines
	2759.688	that in Northern Italy, gigantic	moraines, left by old glaciers, are now clothed
	2809.454	saw maize growing on gigantic ancient	moraines. South of the equator, we have some
2			moral
	4626.21	Fcap.8vo. 6s. 6d. ———Philosophy of the	Moral Feelings. Tenth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 4s
	5082.58	Education of Character, with Hints on	Moral Training. Post 8vo. 7s. 6d. —mdash
1			morea
	5596.49	A Supplement to Travels in the	Morea. 8vo. 15s. ——Thoughts on the
36			moreover
	343.1418	valuations being at present empirical.	Moreover, on the view of the origin of genera
	369.190	bull-dog, &c., in the wild state.	Moreover, the possibility of making distinct
	383.204	ranked by him as well-defined species.	Moreover, I do not believe that any
	393.217	seems to me a very rash assumption.	Moreover, the several above-named domesticated
	399.741	sometimes concur perfectly developed.	Moreover, when two birds belonging to two
	560.462	be found recorded. These varieties,	moreover, will be often ranked by some authors
	566.815	be disputed by other naturalists. When,	moreover, he comes to study allied forms brought
	598.437	than on the side of the smaller genera.	Moreover, the species of the large genera which
	610.0	less than usual amount of difference.	Moreover, the species of the large genera are
	934.579	than on a small and isolated area.	Moreover, great areas, though now continuous
	994.992	highly diversified nature. They differ,	moreover, to a large extent from the indigenes
	1024.167	same manner as their parents varied.	Moreover, these two varieties, being only
	1060.341	eleven species. The new species,	moreover, will be allied to each other in a
	1062.320	descendants from (A); the two groups,	moreover, are supposed to have gone on diverging
	1331.396	is common; the side of the face,	moreover, is sometimes striped. The stripes are
	1412.1277	will tend to be sharply defined.	Moreover, each species on the confines of its
	1568.670	another or in charming the females.	Moreover when a modification of structure has
	1825.72	for the construction of their combs.	Moreover, many bees have to remain idle for many
	1853.294	two or even three castes. The castes,	moreover, do not generally graduate into each
	1869.245	nearly five times as big. The jaws,	moreover, of the working ants of the several
	1914.1257	fertility in some degree impaired.	Moreover, as Gärtner during several years
	1924.1309	the same plant, would be thus effected.	Moreover, whenever complicated experiments are
	1986.1296	certain sea-weeds or Fuci. Gärtner,	moreover, found that this difference of facility
	1998.349	of effecting an union. The hybrids,	moreover, produced from reciprocal crosses often
	2070.460	pollen from their own coloured flowers.	Moreover, he asserts that when [page] 271 CHAP
	2149.986	of these two breeds. These two breeds,	moreover, have become so much modified, that if
	2171.727	and how seldom they are rolled about!	Moreover, if we follow for a few miles any line
	2199.222	of feet in thickness on the Continent.	Moreover, between each successive formation, we
	2293.434	which on my theory we ought to find.	Moreover, if we look to rather wider intervals
	2363.4	CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL RECORD. If,	moreover, they had been the progenitors of these
	2464.104	may have been much slow extermination.	Moreover, when by sudden immigration or by
	2472.523	points as mere superficial sculpture.	Moreover other forms, which are not found in the
	2944.608	on a bank connected with the mainland;	moreover, icebergs formerly brought boulders to
	3323.130	of development and in other respects.	Moreover, in closely allied species, the degree
	3386.297	should have been profoundly modified.	Moreover, most of the [page] 461 CHAP. XIV
	3454.303	case if varieties be incipient species.	Moreover, the species of the larger genera
1			moreton's
	1339.638	was a double shoulder-stripe. In Lord	Moreton's famous hybrid from a chestnut mare and
1			morning
	1741.499	alone open and close the doors in the	morning and evening; and, as Huber expressly
3			morocco
	4834.154	vo. 21s. cloth, 31s. 6d. calf, or 42s.	morocco. BOSWELL'S (JAMES) Life of Dr. Johnson
	5424.0	SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR. By JOHN DRWKWATER.	MOROCCO AND THE MOORS. By J. DRUMMOND HAY
	5912.133	vo. Cloth, 21s.; Calf, 31s. 6d.;	Morocco. 42s. PRECEPTS FOR THE CONDUCT OF LIFE
13			morphology
	204.37	MUTUAL AFFINITIES OF ORGANIC BEINGS:	MORPHOLOGY: EMBRYOLOGY: RUDIMENTARY ORGANS
	208.358	separates and defines groups —	Morphology, between members of the same class
	3053.0	MUTUAL AFFINITIES OF ORGANIC BEINGS:	MORPHOLOGY: EMBRYOLOGY: RUDIMENTARY ORGANS
	3199.11	most complex and radiating [page] 434	MORPHOLOGY. CHAP. XIII. lines of affinities. We
	3203.0	hope to make sure but slow progress.	Morphology.—We have seen that the members of the
	3203.385	is included under the general name of	Morphology. This is the most interesting
	3205.23	for such dif- [page] 435 CHAP. XIII.	MORPHOLOGY. ferent purposes, are formed by
	3213.11	of insects, we have only to [page] 436	MORPHOLOGY. CHAP. XIII. suppose that their common
	3219.23	when mature [page] 437 CHAP. XIII.	MORPHOLOGY. become extremely different, are at an
	3227.11	it is quite probable that [page] 438	MORPHOLOGY. CHAP. XIII. natural selection, during
	3353.71	modification, all the great facts in	Morphology become intelligible,— [page] 457 CHAP
	3560.176	community of type, paternity,	morphology, adaptive characters, rudimentary and
	4201.0	Moquin-Tandon on sea-side plants, 132.	Morphology, 434. Mozart, musical powers of
1			mortality
	689.378	per cent. is an extraordinarily severe	mortality from epidemics with man. The action of
2			mosaic
	4814.67	for the proper understanding of the	Mosaic Writings, stated and applied, together
	5722.61	the Arts of Painting in Oil, Miniature,	Mosaic, and Glass; Gilding, Dyeing, arid the
1			moslems
	6090.59	on Turkey and its Inhabitants—the	Moslems, Greeks, Armenians, &c. Translated by
1			mostar
	6130.46	and Montenegro; with a Journey to	Mostar in Hertzegovina, and Remarks on the
6			mostly
	505.517	belong to poor people, and are	mostly in small lots, they never can be
	645.1042	birds which are idly singing round us	mostly live on insects or seeds, and are thus
	2094.139	parents of mongrels are varieties, and	mostly domestic varieties (very few
	2723.249	floating plants. He tried 98 seeds,	mostly different from mine; but he chose many
	2793.78	see, as I believe, their descendants,	mostly in a modified condition, in the central
	2984.430	of each separate island, though	mostly distinct, are related in an
1			most—species
	524.109	much diffused, and common species vary	most—Species of the larger genera in any country
10			mother
	1203.305	the shape of the pelvis in the human	mother influences by pressure the shape of the
	1707.390	as we see in wild ground-birds, their	mother to fly away. But this instinct retained
	1717.1642	occasional and aberrant habit of their	mother, and in their turn would be apt to lay
	1986.1754	been used as the father and then as the	mother, generally differ in fertility in a
	1998.204	the other is used as the father or the	mother, there is generally some difference
	2026.1071	of the nature and constitution of its	mother, and therefore before birth, as long as
	2026.1201	within the egg or seed produced by the	mother, it may be exposed to conditions in
	2078.508	when used either as father or	mother, and crossed with the Nicotiana
	3245.255	which is nourished in the womb of its	mother, in the egg of the bird which is
	3384.735	used as the father and then as the	mother. The fertility of varieties when
4			mother's
	1717.1314	of another bird, than by their own	mother's care, encumbered as she can hardly fail
	2026.1145	as long as it is nourished within its	mother's womb or within the egg or seed produced
	3263.1441	animal, as long as it remains in its	mother's womb, or in the egg, or as long as it
	3544.585	the false marks of nourishment from the	mother's womb? Although naturalists very
1			mother-hen
	1707.501	useless under domestication, for the	mother-hen has almost lost by disuse the power of
3			moths
	719.418	plants absolutely require the visits of	moths to remove their pollen-masses and thus
	3239.541	or reptile. The vermiform larvæ of	moths, flies, beetles, &c., resemble each
	3323.336	in the state of the wings of the female	moths in certain groups. Rudimentary organs
1			motion
	6086.160	Observations and Experiments on their	Motion, Structure, and General Phenomena. Post
2			motionless
	1689.1347	as soon as it scented its prey, stand	motionless like a statue, and then slowly crawl
	1753.8	VII. SLAVE-MAKING INSTINCT. perched	motionless with its own pupa in its mouth on the
1			motive
	1831.658	and of the basal rhombic plates. The	motive power of the process of natural
1			mottled
	399.1056	black barbs, and they produced	mottled brown and black birds; these I again
1			mottled-grey
	792.250	eating insects green, and bark-feeders	mottled-grey; the alpine ptarmigan white in winter
1			motuum
	4738.15	to. 2s. 6d. 24. ——— TABULÆ	MOTUUM SOLIS ET LUNÆ. 1770. 4to. 5s
2			mould
	435.838	may summon into life whatever form and	mould he pleases." Lord Somerville, speaking
	532.404	same species are cast in the very same	mould. These individual differences are
1			mound
	2811.466	astonished at the structure of a vast	mound of detritus, about 800 feet in height
1			mounds
	725.773	trees now growing on the ancient Indian	mounds, in the Southern United States, display
3			mount
	5308.59	Nile, Alexandria, Cairo, the Pyramids,	Mount Sinai, &c. Map. Post Svo. 15s
	5568.53	DE) Journey through Arabia Petræa, to	Mount Sinai, and the Excavated City of Petræa
	6132.73	Nile, Alexandria, Cairo, the Pyramids,	Mount Sinai, &c. Map. Post 8vo. 15s. —— On
15			mountain
	429.679	fitted either for cultivated land or	mountain pasture, with the wool of one breed
	693.1243	in going northward, or in ascending a	mountain, we far oftener meet with stunted forms
	693.1397	southwards or in descending a	mountain. When we reach the Arctic regions, or
	1424.1229	tract; and consequently the improved	mountain or plain breed will soon take the place
	1580.363	with the hair the horns are correlated.	Mountain breeds always differ from lowland
	2649.137	find different productions; though as	mountain chains, deserts, &c., are not as
	2781.85	arctic species will have been left on	mountain ranges distant from each other, and
	2809.227	the frozen mammals and nature of the	mountain vegetation, that Siberia was similarly
	2833.342	equatorial latitudes, the Alpine or	mountain floras really become less and less
	2855.1001	the first stage towards extinction. A	mountain is an island on the land; and the
	3000.425	throughout nature. We see this on every	mountain, in every lake and marsh. For Alpine
	3004.7	DISTRIBUTION. CHAP. XII. that a	mountain, as it became slowly upheaved, would
	3502.215	conditions, under heat and cold, on	mountain and lowland, on deserts and marshes
	4395.4	unintentionally produced, 36. ——,	mountain, varieties of, 76. Shells, colours of
	5746.18	Plans. 8vo. 14s. MONASTERY AND THE	MOUNTAIN CHURCH. By Author of "Sunlight through
1			mountain-fastnesses
	2869.1058	of man, driven up and surviving in the	mountain-fastnesses of almost every land, which serve as a
1			mountain-limestone
	5894.55	Yorkshire, The Yorkshire Coast, and the	Mountain-Limestone District. Plates 4 to. Part I., 20s
3			mountainous
	836.1006	Or, again, the wolves inhabiting a	mountainous district, and those frequenting the
	1424.773	to be kept, one adapted to an extensive	mountainous region; a second to a comparatively
	1580.420	differ from lowland breeds; and a	mountainous country would probably affect the hind
1			mountain-range
	2769.205	the fact that the Alpine plants of each	mountain-range are more especially related to the
9			mountain-ranges
	2649.21	CHAP. XI. lofty and continuous	mountain-ranges, and of great deserts, and sometimes
	2687.626	same species on the summits of distant	mountain-ranges, and at distant points in the arctic
	2711.955	if they had originally existed as	mountain-ranges on the land, some at least of the
	2781.750	animals of the several great European	mountain-ranges, though very many of the species are
	2795.757	much more recent period, on the several	mountain-ranges and on the arctic lands of the two
	2823.462	On the Himalaya, and on the isolated	mountain-ranges of the peninsula of India, on the
	2833.125	of the southern hemisphere, and on the	mountain-ranges of the intertropical regions, are not
	2843.279	an asylum to the tropical natives. The	mountain-ranges north-west of the Himalaya, and the
	2886.1023	fish on opposite sides of continuous	mountain-ranges, which from an early period must have
40			mountains
	554.596	different stations; they ascend	mountains to different heights; they have
	836.1461	of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill	Mountains in the United States, one with a light
	1408.391	each. We see the same fact in ascending	mountains, and sometimes [page] 175 CHAP. VI
	1424.1072	in favour of the great holders on the	mountains or on the plains improving their breeds
	1938.507	it had been a natural species from the	mountains of Chile." I have taken some pains to
	2637.865	humid districts, arid deserts, lofty	mountains, grassy plains, forests, marshes, lakes
	2755.600	that the plants on the White	Mountains, in the United States of America, are
	2755.763	Asa Gray, with those on the loftiest	mountains of Europe. Even as long ago as
	2759.445	their tale more plainly, than do the	mountains of Scotland and Wales, with their
	2761.706	in which case they would perish. The	mountains would become covered with snow and ice
	2767.198	the snow melted from the bases of the	mountains, the arctic forms would seize on the
	2769.91	at points so immensely remote as on the	mountains of the United States and of Europe. We
	2773.169	United States to Labrador; those of the	mountains of Siberia to the arctic regions of
	2777.545	and ultimately on the summits of the	mountains, the case will have been somewhat dif
	2781.278	species, which must have existed on the	mountains before the commencement of the Glacial
	2783.410	some of these are the same on the lower	mountains and on the plains of North America and
	2809.603	same plants, found on widely separated	mountains in this island, tell the same story. If
	2811.293	have, also, been noticed on the Rocky	Mountains. In the Cordillera of Equatorial South
	2819.493	closely allied species. On the lofty	mountains of equatorial America a host of
	2819.603	European genera occur. On the highest	mountains of Brazil, some few European genera
	2823.55	of the Cordillera. On the	mountains of Abyssinia, several European forms
	2823.295	have been introduced by man, and on the	mountains, some few representative European forms
	2823.982	by plants growing on the summits of the	mountains of Borneo. Some of these Australian
	2825.16	as far north as Japan. On the southern	mountains of Australia, Dr. F. Müller has
	2825.540	the plants growing on the more lofty	mountains, and on the temperate lowlands of the
	2833.427	Many of the forms living on the	mountains of the warmer regions of the earth and
	2845.338	forms would naturally ascend the higher	mountains, being exterminated on the lowlands
	2849.488	settled themselves on the intertropical	mountains, and in the southern hemisphere. These
	2851.315	a few southern vegetable forms on the	mountains of Borneo and Abyssinia. I suspect that
	2855.514	must have occurred on the intertropical	mountains: no doubt before the Glacial period
	2855.1058	on the land; and the intertropical	mountains before the Glacial period must have
	2857.208	and southern temperate zones and on the	mountains of the intertropical regions. Very many
	2942.317	been assured that a frog exists on the	mountains of the great island of New Zealand; but
	3032.758	the inhabitants of the plains and	mountains, of the forests, marshes, and deserts
	3502.645	of many others, on the most distant	mountains, under the most different climates; and
	4568.32	Wheat, varieties of, 113. White	Mountains, flora of, 365. Wings, reduction of
	5396.131	Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas, the Khasia	Mountains, &c. Second Edition. Woodcuts. 2 vols
	5764.56	RODERICK) Russia in Europe and the Ural	Mountains; Geologically Illustrated. With
	5896.12	I., 20s. -Part II., 30s. ——— Rivers,	Mountains, and Sea Coast of Yorkshire. With
	5956.116	and Animals of the Prairies and Rocky	Mountains. Post 8vo. 6s. SALE'S (LADY) Journal
5			mountain-summits
	2711.1048	would have been formed, like other	mountain-summits, of granite, metamorphic schists, old
	2755.81	identity of many plants and animals, on	mountain-summits, separated from each other by hundreds
	2767.580	would be left isolated on distant	mountain-summits (having been exterminated on all lesser
	2773.534	we find the same species on distant	mountain-summits, we may almost conclude without other
	2869.843	waters left their living drift on our	mountain-summits, in a line gently rising from the
2			mountain-varieties
	735.154	it has been asserted that certain	mountain-varieties will starve out other mountain
	735.195	varieties will starve out other	mountain-varieties, so that they cannot be kept together
1			mounting
	3185.624	in the diagram so often referred to),	mounting up through many predecessors. As it is
1			mountstuart
	5100.19	vo. 12s. ELPHINSTONES (HON.	MOUNTSTUART) History of India—the Hindoo and
3			mouse
	1183.472	in our domestic breeds. The rat and	mouse cannot be considered as domestic
	1596.786	to spring, in order to warn the doomed	mouse. But I have not space here to enter on
	3075.610	regards the external similarity of a	mouse to a shrew, of a dugong to a whale, of
2			mouse-duns
	1325.191	bars on the legs are not rare in duns,	mouse-duns, and in one instance in a chestnut: a
	1331.1124	stripes occur far oftenest in duns and	mouse-duns; by the term dun a large range of
16			mouth
	375.495	to the nostrils, and a wide gape of	mouth. The short-faced tumbler has a beak in
	381.593	The proportional width of the gape of	mouth, the proportional length of the eyelids
	852.491	very little more trouble, enter by the	mouth. Bearing such facts in mind, I can see
	1476.323	swimming for hours with widely open	mouth, thus catching, like a whale, insects
	1753.44	motionless with its own pupa in its	mouth on the top of a spray of heath over its
	2273.1287	whole of the glacial period near the	mouth of the Mississippi, within that limit
	2273.1542	deposited in shallow water near the	mouth of the Mississippi during some part of
	2966.835	having a membranous diaphragm over the	mouth of the shell, might be floated in
	3089.306	open passage from the nostrils to the	mouth, the only character, according to Owen
	3223.577	which has an extremely complex	mouth formed of many parts, consequently
	3251.580	simple single eye, and a probosciformed	mouth, with which they feed largely, for they
	3251.886	but they have a closed and imperfect	mouth, and cannot feed: their function at
	3251.1266	they again obtain a well-constructed	mouth; but they have no antennæ, and their
	3251.1831	for a short time, and is destitute of	mouth, stomach, or other organ of importance
	3277.300	give details) of the beak, width of	mouth, length of nostril and of eyelid, size
	4186.35	Mississippi, rate of deposition at	mouth, 284. Mocking-thrush of the Galapagos
1			mouth—could
	3277.986	for instance, that of the width of	mouth—could hardly be detected in the [page
8			mouths
	1476.685	and habits, with larger and larger	mouths, till a creature was produced as
	1781.1347	adds cylinders of wax to the circular	mouths of her old cocoons. By such
	3203.1261	great law in the construction of the	mouths of insects: what can be more different
	3207.165	laws govern the construction of the	mouths and limbs of crustaceans. So it is with
	3211.1150	throughout the whole class. So with the	mouths of insects, we have only to [page
	3215.238	in structure and function of the	mouths of insects. Nevertheless, it is
	3215.671	gigantic sea-lizards, and in the	mouths of certain suctorial crustaceans, the
	3223.691	those with many legs have simpler	mouths? Why should the sepals, petals, stamens
5			movement
	2279.749	the amount of subsidence. But this same	movement of subsidence will often tend to sink
	2279.886	diminish the supply whilst the downward	movement continues. In fact, this nearly exact
	2379.993	but may not the areas of preponderant	movement have changed in the lapse of ages? At a
	2506.97	large areas are affected by the same	movement, it is probable that strictly
	2723.880	time than those protected from violent	movement as in our experiments. Therefore it
3			movements
	2207.401	on the surface to show such prodigious	movements; the pile of rocks on the one or other
	2506.399	invariably been affected by the same	movements. When two formations have been
	3793.20	drifted to, 360. ——reefs, indicating	movements of earth, 309. Corn-crake
1			moves
	3484.236	We can thus understand why nature	moves by graduated steps in endowing
2			moving
	856.382	greatly depends on bees visiting and	moving parts of the corolla, so as to push the
	1819.742	at which to commence a cell, and then	moving outside, first to one point, and then
2			mozart
	1661.235	so close as not to be distinguished. If	Mozart, instead of playing the pianoforte at
	4202.0	sea-side plants, 132. Morphology, 434.	Mozart, musical powers of, 209. Mud, seeds in
1			mozleys
	5752.0	Vignette. One Volume. Royal 8vo. 12s.	MOZLEYS (REV. J. B.) Treatise on the
1			much-isolated
	1516.327	grades, more especially if we look to	much-isolated species, round which, according to my
3			muddy
	2241.960	degradation of the coast-rocks and from	muddy streams entering the sea. The
	2898.616	birds. Wading birds, which frequent the	muddy edges of ponds, if suddenly flushed
	2898.692	would be the most likely to have	muddy feet. Birds of this order I can show
3			muirhead
	4966.79	Chantreys Woodcocks. Edited by JAS. P.	MUIRHEAD. Etchings. Square 8vo. 10s. 6d
	6112.121	and Public Correspondence. By JAMES P.	MUIRHEAD, M.A. Second Edition. Portraits and
	6116.133	with his Friends. Edited by J. P.	MUIRHEAD. Plates. 3 vols. 8vo, 45s., or Large
1			mukchisons
	5764.0	G. R. GLEIG. Post 8vo. 6s. [page] 25	MUKCHISONS (SIB RODERICK) Russia in Europe and the
2			mules
	4174.30	Martin, Mr. W. C., on striped	mules, 165. Matteuchi on the electric organs
	4204.0	powers of, 209. Mud, seeds in, 386.	Mules, striped, 165. Müller, Dr. F., on
3			müller
	305.154	both the young and the parents, as	Müller has remarked, have apparently been
	2825.47	southern mountains of Australia, Dr. F.	Müller has discovered several European species
	4205.0	seeds in, 386. Mules, striped, 165.	Müller, Dr. F., on Alpine Australian plants
1			multiform
	1119.68	as if the variations—so common and	multiform in organic beings under domestication
6			multiple
	152.219	of growth — False correlations —	Multiple, rudimentary, and lowly organised
	353.251	relied on by those who believe in the	multiple origin [page] 18 VARIATION. CHAP. I
	393.725	yet on the hypothesis of the	multiple origin of our pigeons, it must be
	1237.436	botanists have further remarked that	multiple parts are also very liable to variation
	1357.712	we are utterly unable to understand.	Multiple parts are variable in number and in
	2695.36	The previous remarks on "single and	multiple centres of creation" do not directly
5			multiplication
	2335.190	intervals will have given time for the	multiplication of species from some one or some few
	2494.241	the conditions most favourable for the	multiplication of new and dominant species; but we can
	3032.396	with subsequent modification and the	multiplication of new forms. We can thus understand
	3181.24	of plants. On the principle of the	multiplication and gradual divergence in character of
	3215.517	of other parts, and by the doubling or	multiplication of others,—variations which we know to
6			multiplied
	1040.1093	A). Thus, as I believe, species are	multiplied and genera are formed. In a large
	1514.575	each new state of the instrument to be	multiplied by the million; and each to be
	2331.1201	have long existed and have slowly	multiplied before they invaded the ancient
	2351.1633	great group of marine animals might be	multiplied; and [page] 306 IMPERFECTION OF THE
	2942.755	the Azores, and Mauritius, and have	multiplied so as to become a nuisance. But as
	2948.354	have not become naturalised and greatly	multiplied. It cannot be said, on the ordinary
4			multiply
	755.414	the healthy, and the happy survive and	multiply. [page] 80 NATURAL SELECTION. CHAP. IV
	1032.85	varieties will invariably prevail and	multiply: a medium form may often long endure
	1514.772	the slight alterations, generation will	multiply them almost infinitely, and natural
	1889.282	of all organic beings, namely,	multiply, vary, let the strongest live and the
1			multiplying
	1034.217	in life, they will generally go on	multiplying in number as well as diverging in
19			multitude
	635.368	It is immaterial for us whether a	multitude of doubtful forms be called species or
	711.365	the stems of the heath, I found a	multitude of seedlings and little trees, which
	872.273	fertilisation of a flower, yet what a	multitude of flowers have their anthers and
	876.40	supposed that bees would thus produce a	multitude of hybrids between distinct species
	1084.816	steady increase of the larger groups, a	multitude of smaller groups will become utterly
	1604.359	leads us to admire with enthusiasm a	multitude of inimitable contrivances in nature
	1612.417	and are not linked together by a	multitude of intermediate gradations, partly
	1683.136	diversified, can be shown by a	multitude of facts. Several cases also, could be
	1809.91	how the cells are made, that a	multitude of bees all work together; one bee
	1980.417	of crossing is by no means strict. A	multitude of cases could be given of very closely
	2006.864	or nature of their sap, &c.; but in a	multitude of cases we can assign no reason
	2066.22	CHAP. VIII. in the sterility of a	multitude of species. The evidence is, also
	2408.183	may still be found in the midst of a	multitude of extinct forms. Falconer has given a
	2570.1173	Zealand, that in the course of time a	multitude of British forms would become
	2681.27	CREATION. nearly the same, so that a	multitude of European animals and plants have
	2869.326	through natural selection, a	multitude of facts in the present distribution
	3534.196	whose minds are stocked with a	multitude of facts all viewed, during a long
	3540.71	of late published their belief that a	multitude of reputed species in each genus are
	3540.281	to arrive at. They admit that a	multitude of forms, which till lately they
1			multitudes
	707.1662	self-sown firs are now springing up in	multitudes, so close together that all cannot live
1			mundys
	5758.0	Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.	MUNDYS (GEN.) Pen and Pencil Sketches during a
2			munro
	5210.42	Life and Letters of General Sir Thomas	Munro, Post 8vo. 5s. GORDON'S (SIR ALEX
	5504.16	LEONE. By a LADY. LIFE OF GENERAL	MUNRO. By REV. G. R. GLEIG. MEMOIRS OF SIR
1			munro's
	5760.0	Edition. Plates. Post 8vo. 7s. 6d.	MUNRO'S (GENERAL SIR THOMAS) Life and Letters
1			mural
	4708.34	s. 11. BIRD'S METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING	MURAL QUADRANTS.London, 1768. 4to. 2s. 6d
4			murchison
	2367.164	most eminent geologists, with Sir R.	Murchison at their head, are convinced that we
	2385.623	all our greatest geologists, as Lyell,	Murchison, Sedgwick, &c., have unanimously, often
	2434.444	those geologists, as Elie de Beaumont,	Murchison, Barrande, &c., whose general views
	4205.50	F., on Alpine Australian plants, 375.	Murchison, Sir R., on the formations of Russia
1			murchison's
	2235.419	But we know, for instance, from Sir R.	Murchison's great work on Russia, what wide gaps
1			murder
	6040.68	The Landing of Augustine—The	Murder of BecketThe Black PrinceThe Shrine of
1			murderous
	968.379	an agricultural writer) "as if by some	murderous pestilence." Divergence of Character
4			murray
	16.5	OF SPECIES ___ DARWIN. LONDON JOHN	MURRAY [front cover] [inside front cover
	94.5	ROUND THE WORLD.' LONDON: JOHN	MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1859. The right
	371.364	Elliot from India, and by the Hon. C.	Murray from Persia. Many treatises in
	5066.73	Life and Services. By CAPT. ALEXANDER	MURRAY. 8VO. 5S. 6d. DYERS (THOMAS H.) Life
5			murray's
	4609.13	AND CHARING CROSS. [page 1 (MR.	MURRAY'S GENERAL LIST OF WORKS.)] ALBEMARLE
	4615.4	STREET, LONDON. June, 1859. MR.	MURRAY'S GENERAL LIST OF WORKS
	5200.155	Vignettes. 4 Vols. 8vo. 30s. (	Murray's British Classics.) GLEIG'S (REV. G. R
	5534.110	CUNNINGHAM. 3 vols. 8vo. 22s. 6d. (	Murray's British Classics.) JOHNSTON'S (WM
	6004.123	Portrait and Map. 8 Vols. 8vo. 60s. (	Murray's British Classics.) ——— Student's
4			murrays
	5012.80	Notes. Vignettes. 4 vols. 8vo. 30s. (	Murrays British Classics.) ——— Lives of
	5014.103	with Notes. 3 vols. 8vo. 22s. 6d. (	Murrays British Classics.) CROKERS (J. W
	5768.0	Edition. Map and Plates. 8vo. 42s.	MURRAYS (CAPT. A.) Naval Life and Services of
	5770.0	Sir Philip Durham. 8vo. 5s. 6d.	MURRAYS RAILWAY READING. For all classes of
2			muscle
	1456.295	is, also, furnished with an extensor	muscle. Although no graduated links of
	1544.58	closely resembles that of common	muscle; and as it has lately been shown that
3			muscles
	311.883	drooping is due to the disuse of the	muscles of the ear, from the animals not being
	536.274	has also quite recently shown that the	muscles in the larvæ of certain insects are
	1231.814	and furnished with great nerves and	muscles; but in the parasitic and protected
3			museum
	1398.620	The crust of the earth is a vast	museum; but the natural collections have been
	1737.0	page] 220 INSTINCT. CHAP. VII.	Museum, to whom I am much indebted for
	3574.174	must not be looked at as a well-filled	museum, but as a poor collection made at
3			museums
	2221.409	Now turn to our richest geological	museums, and what a paltry display we behold
	2602.153	and of species, preserved in our	museums, is absolutely as nothing compared with
	3412.379	The number of specimens in all our	museums is absolutely as nothing compared with
1			musgrave
	4622.26	ABBOTT'S (REV. J.) Philip	Musgrave; or, Memoirs of a Church of England
2			music
	5780.0	ESSAY8 FROM "THE TIMES." 2 Vols. 8s.	Music AND DRESS. 1s. LAYARDS ACCOUNT OF
	5834.0	s. PKNN'S HINTS OW ANGLING. 1s.	MUSIC AND DRESS. Two Essays, by a Lady
1			musical
	4202.8	plants, 132. Morphology, 434. Mozart,	musical powers of, 209. Mud, seeds in
1			musk-rat
	2657.1350	and we do not find the beaver or	musk-rat, but the coypu and capybara, rodents of
2			mustela
	1442.608	to its place in nature. Look at the	Mustela vison of North America, which has
	4207.24	on extinction, 317.	Mustela vison, 179. Myanthus
2			mutability
	3526.341	geologists rejected this view of the	mutability of species? It cannot be [page
	3544.711	from those who believe in the	mutability of species, on their own side they
1			mutable
	3538.687	is led to believe that species are	mutable will do good service by conscientiously
4			mutation
	2564.852	of the slow and scarcely sensible	mutation of specific forms, as we have a just
	3406.362	plain evidence of the gradation and	mutation of the forms of life? We meet with no
	3530.789	have afforded us plain evidence of the	mutation of species, if they had undergone
	3530.832	of species, if they had undergone	mutation. But the chief cause of our natural
3			mutations
	2329.120	have suspected how poor a record of the	mutations of life, the best preserved geological
	2486.739	conditions, as the cause of these great	mutations in the forms of life throughout the
	2707.37	No geologist will dispute that great	mutations of level, have occurred within the
1			mutilations
	1147.563	evidence to induce us to believe that	mutilations are ever inherited; and I should prefer
30			mutual
	204.0	Page 383-410 CHAPTER XIII.	MUTUAL AFFINITIES OF ORGANIC BEINGS
	250.99	that a naturalist, reflecting on the	mutual affinities of organic beings, on their
	266.1136	the thirteenth, their classification or	mutual affinities, both when mature and in an
	272.187	our profound ignorance in regard to the	mutual relations of all the beings which live
	272.585	world. Still less do we know of the	mutual relations of the innumerable
	703.21	the ill effects [page] 71 CHAP. III.	MUTUAL CHECKS TO INCREASE. of close
	709.10	that all cannot live. [page] 72	MUTUAL CHECKS TO INCREASE. CHAP. III. When I
	715.21	greatly alter (as [page] 73 CHAP. III.	MUTUAL CHECKS TO INCREASE. indeed I have
	721.10	genus of humble-bees became [page] 74	MUTUAL CHECKS TO INCREASE. CHAP. III. extinct
	727.21	kinds of trees [page] 75 CHAP. III.	MUTUAL CHECKS TO INCREASE. must here have
	751.208	convince us of our ignorance on the	mutual relations of all organic beings; a
	766.635	complex and close-fitting are the	mutual relations of all organic beings to each
	856.917	preservation of individuals presenting	mutual and slightly favourable deviations of
	948.547	becoming slowly modified; the	mutual relations of many of the other
	1311.590	species, and will not be left to the	mutual action of the conditions of life and of
	1936.789	were functionally imperfect in their	mutual self-action, we must infer that the
	2038.389	development, or periodical action, or	mutual relation of the different parts and
	2068.124	sexes, and he asserts that their	mutual fertilisation is by so much the less
	2514.96	to living forms.—Let us now look to the	mutual affinities of extinct and living
	2544.85	the main facts with respect to the	mutual affinities of the extinct forms of life
	2552.336	in two series, first according to their	mutual affinities and then according to their
	2663.699	on their action and reaction, in their	mutual struggles for life;—the relation of
	2777.230	in a body together; consequently their	mutual relations will not have been much
	2781.508	different climatal influences. Their	mutual relations will thus have been in some
	2924.1077	facility and in a body, so that their	mutual relations have not been much disturbed
	3032.982	continent. Bearing in mind that the	mutual relations of organism to organism are
	3051.0	XIII. CLASSIFICATION. CHAPTER XIII.	MUTUAL AFFINITIES OF ORGANIC BEINGS
	3512.371	principles we see how it is, that the	mutual affinities of the species and genera
	3574.1102	physical conditions, namely, the	mutual relation of organism to organism,—the
	3760.5	Checks to increase, 67. ———,	mutual, 71. Chickens, instinctive tameness of
2			mutually
	882.477	should in so many cases be	mutually useless to each other! How simply are
	2928.791	in their former homes, and have become	mutually adapted to each other; and when settled
2			myanthus
	3141.1091	as three Orchidean forms (Monochanthus,	Myanthus, and Catasetum), which had previously
	4207.44	on extinction, 317. Mustela vison, 179.	Myanthus, 424. Myrmecocystus, 238. Myrmica, eyes
1			mylodon
	2474.304	have thus changed: if the Megatherium,	Mylodon, Macrauchenia, and Toxodon had been
1			myriads
	1598.553	so, the being will become extinct, as	myriads have become extinct. Natural selection
1			myrme
	1853.756	which is quite unknown: in the Mexican	Myrme- [page] 239 CHAP. VII. NEUTER INSECTS
1			myrmecocystus
	4207.59	Mustela vison, 179. Myanthus, 424.	Myrmecocystus, 238. Myrmica, eyes of, 240. N. Nails
3			myrmica
	1863.1176	in the same condition with those of	Myrmica. For the workers of Myrmica have not
	1863.1204	those of Myrmica. For the workers of	Myrmica have not even rudiments of ocelli
	4207.79	Myanthus, 424. Myrmecocystus, 238.	Myrmica, eyes of, 240. N. Nails, rudimentary
14			myself
	234.632	on it. After five years' work I allowed	myself to speculate on the subject, and drew
	1349.4	page] 167 CHAP. V. SUMMARY. For	myself, I venture confidently to look back
	1689.539	be doubted that young pointers (I have	myself seen a striking instance) will
	1737.378	will give the observations which I have	myself made, in some little detail. I opened
	1837.219	these several cases, but will confine	myself to one special difficulty, which at
	1859.1323	taken out of the same nest: I have	myself compared perfect gradations of this
	1865.190	the same species, that I gladly availed	myself of Mr. F. Smith's offer of numerous
	2048.634	in some degree. I cannot persuade	myself that this parallelism is an accident or
	2088.293	in the first generation; and I have	myself seen striking instances of this fact
	2149.210	any two species, to avoid picturing to	myself, forms directly intermediate between
	2440.739	at an unparalleled rate, I asked	myself what could so recently have
	2713.159	of distribution. I shall here confine	myself to plants. In botanical works, this or
	2916.760	following remarks I shall not confine	myself to the mere question of dispersal; but
	3117.111	explained, if I do not greatly deceive	myself, on the view that the natural system is
1			mysteries
	234.316	the origin of species—that mystery of	mysteries, as it has been called by one of our
4			mysterious
	317.756	parts of the structure, owing to the	mysterious laws of the correlation of growth. The
	1936.916	these facts show on what slight and	mysterious causes the lesser or greater fertility
	2624.594	later geological periods ceases to be	mysterious, and is simply explained by inheritance
	3032.817	marshes, and deserts, are in so	mysterious a manner linked together by affinity
2			mystery
	234.305	light on the origin of species—that	mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by
	2440.88	been involved in the most gratuitous	mystery. Some authors have even supposed that
2			mythology
	5229.31	mo. 3s. GREY'S (SIR GEORGE) Polynesian	Mythology, and Ancient Traditional History of the
	5984.48	of Greek and Roman Biography and	Mythology. With 500 Woodcuts. 3 Vols. 8vo. 5l