Darwin_Charles_OOS.html -- Q

NCoord.Preceding ContextWORDFollowing Context
1  quadrants.london 
 4708.40BIRD'S METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING MURAL QUADRANTS.London, 1768. 4to. 2s. 6d. 12. ——— METHOD OF
4  quadruped 
 639.18FOR EXISTENCE. to the hairs of a quadruped or feathers of a bird; in the structure
 784.852exercise a long-backed or long-legged quadruped in any peculiar manner; he exposes
 982.98habits. Take the case of a carnivorous quadruped, of which the number that can be
 1446.164it had been asked how an insectivorous quadruped could possibly have been converted into
9  quadrupeds 
 681.1515the same with turf closely browsed by quadrupeds, be let to grow, [page] 68 CHECKS TO
 731.287the case of locusts and grass-feeding quadrupeds. But the struggle almost invariably
 1133.630action on the hair of our domestic quadrupeds. Instances could be given of the same
 1145.0page] 135 CHAP. V. USE AND DISUSE. quadrupeds. We may imagine that the early
 1560.1142advantage. It is not that the larger quadrupeds are actually destroyed (except in some
 2677.1346and consequently possessing the same quadrupeds. But if the same species can be
 2936.322for transportal by the wool and fur of quadrupeds. This case presents no difficulty on my
 2948.303can be named on which our smaller quadrupeds have not become naturalised and greatly
 2954.729by closely allied or identical quadrupeds. No doubt some few anomalies occur in
1  quadruple 
 743.69of its range, why does it not double or quadruple its numbers? We know that it can
5  quagga 
 1323.1139legs, and faintly on the shoulder. The quagga, though so plainly barred like a zebra
 1339.692hybrid from a chestnut mare and male quagga, the hybrid, and even the pure
 1339.869across the legs than is even the pure quagga. Lastly, and this is another most
 1349.308wild stocks, of the ass, the hemionus, quagga, and zebra. He who believes that each
 4333.0future progress of, 488. Q. Quagga, striped, 165. Quince, grafts of
1  quail 
 1486.808landrail nearly as terrestrial as the quail or partridge. In such cases, and many
1  quails 
 2741.215Reflect for a moment on the millions of quails which annually cross the Mediterranean
10  qualities 
 441.753eminent breeder. If gifted with these qualities, and he studies his subject for years
 441.939improvements; if he wants any of these qualities, he will assuredly fail. Few would
 455.1237for the inheritance of good and bad qualities is so obvious. At the present time
 461.261their own lifetimes, the forms and qualities of their cattle. Slow and insensible
 505.1322to even the slightest deviation in the qualities or structure of each individual. Unless
 1090.1087Natural selection, on the principle of qualities being inherited at corresponding ages
 1649.556of instinct and of the other mental qualities of animals within the same class. I
 1689.174have played in modifying the mental qualities of our domestic animals. A number of
 1879.76in this chapter to show that the mental qualities of our domestic animals vary, and that
 3283.267are indifferent whether the desired qualities and structures have been acquired
10  quality 
 477.762to have been a fruit of very inferior quality. I have seen great surprise expressed
 505.1008all the individuals, whatever their quality may be, will generally be allowed to
 1183.843adaptation to any special climate as a quality readily grafted on an innate wide
 1225.699fruit itself gains largely in size and quality. In our poultry, a large tuft of
 1681.461enemy is certainly an instinctive quality, as may be seen in nestling birds
 1898.119have been specially endowed with the quality of sterility, in order to prevent the
 1898.841is not a specially acquired or endowed quality, but is incidental on other acquired
 1964.198have specially been endowed with this quality, in order to prevent their crossing and
 2006.339and not a specially endowed quality. As the capacity of one plant to be
 2006.554this capacity is a specially endowed quality, but will admit that it is incidental
1  quantities 
 2998.126crevices of stone; and although large quantities of stone are annually transported from
8  quantity 
 842.145laurel. This juice, though small in quantity, is greedily sought by insects. Let us
 846.597four stamens producing rather a small quantity of pollen, and a rudimentary pistil
 1821.716each pound of wax; so that a prodigious quantity of fluid nectar must be collected and
 1825.643and so be altogether independent of the quantity of honey which the bees could collect
 2669.345in different species will be no uniform quantity. If, for instance, a number of species
 2898.542though rarely, adheres in some quantity to the feet and beaks of birds. Wading
 3442.514under nature is a strictly limited quantity. Man, though acting on external
 3530.168in the course of long ages is a limited quantity; no clear distinction has been, or can
1  quarrelsome 
 429.962in battle, with other breeds so little quarrelsome, with "everlasting layers" which never
11  quarter 
 437.167have now been exported to almost every quarter of the world. The improvement is by no
 960.227are crowded together than in any other quarter of the world, some foreign plants have
 1747.1131and quickly ran away; but in about a quarter of an hour, shortly after all the
 2273.1027Yet it may be doubted whether in any quarter of the world, sedimentary deposits
 2494.695favourable, as before explained. One quarter of the world may have been most
 2506.225over very wide spaces in the same quarter of the world; but we are far from
 2570.253climate, the eocene inhabitants of one quarter of the world were put into competition
 2570.356inhabitants of the same or some other quarter, the eocene fauna or flora would
 2592.201explained; for the inhabitants of each quarter of the world will obviously tend to
 2592.259will obviously tend to leave in that quarter, during the next succeeding period of
 3044.1433during successive ages within the same quarter of the world, or to those which have
11  quarterly 
 4804.73Rev. Thomas James. Reprinted from the " Quarterly Review." Fcap. 8vo. 1s. each. BELL'S
 5024.75French Revolution. Reprinted from the Quarterly Review. 8vo. 15s. —— Historical Essay
 5155.73REV. THOS. JAMES. Reprinted from the " Quarterly Review." Fcap. 8vo. 1s. FORD'S
 5255.19Post 8vo. 8s. 6d. HART'S ARMY LIST. (Quarterly and Annually.) 8vo. HAY'S (J. H
 5348.44Essays: contributed to the " Quarterly Review." 2 Vols. PostSvo. 18s
 5388.70REV. THOMAS JAMES. Reprinted from the " Quarterly Review." Fcap. 8vo. 1s. HOOK'S (REV
 5394.59By J. G. LOCKHART. Reprinted from the " Quarterly Review." Fcap. Svo. 1s. HOOKER'S (Dr
 5834.60Essays, by a Lady. Reprinted from the "Quarterly Review." Fcap. 8vo. 1s. NAPIER'S (SIR
 5842.15by Authority.) NAVY LIST (The Quarterly). (Published by Authority.) Post 8vo
 5864.63Turf—and The Road. Reprinted from the "Quarterly Review." Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d
 5922.0SPECKTER, A New Edition. 16mo. 1s. 6d. QUARTERLY REVIEW (THE). 8vo. 6S. RANKE'S
11  quarters 
 349.329of the many foxes—inhabiting different quarters of the world. I do not believe, as we
 371.272kindly favoured with skins from several quarters of the world, more especially by the
 413.1049for thousands of years in several quarters of the world; the earliest known record
 1351.385crossed with species inhabiting distant quarters of the world, to produce hybrids
 2273.327the latest deposits of various quarters of the world, it has everywhere been
 2671.110though inhabiting the most distant quarters of the world, must originally have
 2954.1148to follow up this subject in all other quarters of the world; but as far as I have gone
 3016.0GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. CHAP. XII. quarters of the world, where they may have
 3038.380have all its species common to other quarters of the world. We can see why whole
 3044.1521after having migrated into distant quarters, in both cases the forms within each
 5606.8by Mrs. NORTON. Post 8vo. 6s. ———Head Quarters; or, The Realities of the War in the
1  quaternary 
 3165.653range; and thus the septenary, quinary, quaternary, and ternary classifications have
7  queen 
 3470.844trees; at the instinctive hatred of the queen bee for her own fertile daughters; at
 3680.4insects, 184. Bee, sting of, 202. ——, queen, killing rivals, 202. Bees fertilising
 4800.29s. 6d. ——— (JOHN) Naval Worthies of Queen Elizabeth's Reign, their Gallant Deeds
 5022.94from his Accession to the death of Queen Caroline. Edited with Notes. Second
 5106.68by the Romans, down to the 14th year of Queen Victorias Reign. By MRS. MARKHAM. 98th
 5376.94from his Accession to the Death of Queen Caroline. Edited, with Notes by MR
 5688.106Romans, down to the fourteenth year of Queen Victorias Reign. 98th Edition. Woodcuts
1  queen-bee 
 1606.1015the savage instinctive hatred of the queen-bee, which urges her instantly to destroy
1  queens 
 1610.6page] 203 CHAP. VI. SUMMARY. young queens her daughters as soon as born, or to
1  queen-wasp 
 1819.346in a single insect (as in the case of a queen-wasp) making hexagonal cells, if she work
1  quently 
 2890.0CHAP. XII. FRESH-WATER PRODUCTIONS. quently become modified and adapted to the
19  question 
 234.482might perhaps be made out on this question by patiently accumulating and
 242.1002and arguments on both sides of each question; and this cannot possibly be here done
 461.419or careful drawings of the breeds in question had been made long ago, which might
 1185.234both means combined, is a very obscure question. That habit or custom has some
 1309.104tendency to reproduce the character in question, which at last, under unknown
 1394.202be much more convenient to discuss this question in the chapter on the Imperfection of
 1446.232been converted into a flying bat, the question would have been far more difficult, and
 1918.739advanced by our best botanists on the question whether certain doubtful forms should
 2086.86their fertility.—Independently of the question of fertility, the offspring of species
 2112.17of distinct species. Laying aside the question of fertility and sterility, in all
 2367.7swarmed with living creatures. To the question why we do not find records of these
 2608.432was deposited: I can answer this latter question only hypothetically, by saying that as
 2677.27distinct. We are thus brought to the question which has been largely discussed by
 2695.105do not directly bear on another allied question,—namely whether all the individuals of
 2916.779I shall not confine myself to the mere question of dispersal; but shall consider some
 2948.1266on remote islands? On my view this question can easily be answered; for no
 3263.610what its precise features will be. The question is not, at what period of life any
 3538.616will be able to view both sides of the question with impartiality. Whoever is led to
 3546.82of the modification of species. The question is difficult to answer, because the
7  questions 
 582.1003divergence of character," and other questions, hereafter to be discussed. Alph. De
 3225.71we can satisfactorily answer these questions. In the vertebrata, we see a series of
 3412.19world's history. I can answer these questions and grave objections only on the
 3424.97the more important objections relate to questions on which we are confessedly ignorant
 5592.11Mass. 4 Vols. 8vo. 60s. ——Disputed Questions of Ancient Geography. Map. 8vo. 6s.6d
 5694.180Thousand. Woodcuts. 12mo. 7s. 6d. (Questions. 12mo. 2s.) ——— School History of Rome
 6008.160Thousand. Woodcuts. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d. (Questions. 12mo. 2s.) ——— Student's Hume. A
3  quick 
 511.682in great numbers and at a very quick rate, and inferior birds may be freely
 912.389much, and which do not breed at a very quick rate. Hence in animals of this nature
 2227.423bed of the sea, at a rate sufficiently quick to embed and preserve fossil remains
5  quicker 
 2173.427which, though probably formed at a quicker rate than many other deposits, yet
 2408.601of the land seem to change at a quicker rate than those of the sea, of which a
 2412.1331can perhaps understand the apparently quicker rate of change in terrestrial and in
 2948.781that mammals appear and disappear at a quicker rate than other and lower animals
 3404.836generally be modified and improved at a quicker rate than the intermediate varieties
20  quickly 
 515.1791whether applied methodically and more quickly, or unconsciously and more slowly, but
 653.358geometrical increase, its numbers would quickly become so inordinately great that no
 852.825would be able to obtain its food more quickly, and so have a better chance of living
 912.768a new and improved variety might be quickly formed on any one spot, and might there
 962.367Hence, rare species will be less quickly modified or improved within any given
 968.37instances could be given showing how quickly new breeds of cattle, sheep, and other
 1052.74into some distinct country, or become quickly adapted to some quite new station, in
 1424.1127the plains improving their breeds more quickly than the small holders on the
 1450.691beasts of prey, or to collect food more quickly, or, as there is reason to believe, by
 1566.771hare, with hardly any tail, can double quickly enough. In the second place, we may
 1747.1098earth from the nest of F. flava, and quickly ran away; but in about a quarter of an
 1795.549suppose that the bees had excavated too quickly, and convex on the opposed side, where
 1795.621side, where the bees had worked less quickly. In one well-marked instance, I put the
 2171.488about by the waves, and then are more quickly ground into pebbles, sand, or mud. But
 2408.807in the scale of nature, change more quickly than those that are low: though there
 2426.161single species, changing more or less quickly, and in a greater or lesser degree. A
 2502.371when sediment was not thrown down quickly enough to embed and preserve organic
 2717.715them on sea water. The majority sank quickly, but some which whilst green floated
 2910.834beings change or become modified less quickly than the high; and this will give
 2990.186formed in the separate islands have not quickly spread to the other islands. But the
1  quiet 
 1480.61aërial and oceanic of birds, yet in the quiet Sounds of Tierra del Fuego, the
1  quinary 
 3165.644a wide range; and thus the septenary, quinary, quaternary, and ternary
3  quince 
 2006.1753can be grafted far more readily on the quince, which is ranked as a distinct genus
 2010.42different degrees of facility on the quince; so do different varieties of the
 4334.0of, 488. Q. Quagga, striped, 165. Quince, grafts of, 261. R. Rabbit
117  quite 
 250.44the Origin of Species, it is quite conceivable that a naturalist
 295.603often weak and sickly, yet breeding quite freely under confinement; and when, on
 295.1003does act under confinement, acting not quite regularly, and producing offspring not
 305.1119but in some cases it can be shown that quite opposite conditions produce [page
 313.325monstrosities, the correlations between quite distinct parts are very curious; and
 313.574head. Some instances of correlation are quite whimsical: thus [page] 12 VARIATION
 319.27of growth. The result of the various, quite unknown, or dimly seen laws of
 327.35The laws governing inheritance are quite unknown; no one can say why the same
 333.782reversion had ensued. It would be quite necessary, in order to prevent the
 379.24CHAP. I. touch; the oil-gland is quite aborted. Several other less distinct
 393.894times by half-civilized man, as to be quite prolific under confinement. An
 411.85these supposed species being quite unknown in a wild state, and their
 419.70origin of domestic pigeons at some, yet quite insufficient, length; because when I
 435.276an animal's organisation as something quite plastic, which they can model almost as
 469.807that they have the appearance of being quite different varieties." If there exist
 483.189Hope, nor any other region inhabited by quite uncivilised man, has afforded us a
 515.1435is immense; for the cultivator here quite disregards the extreme variability both
 536.21NATURE. CHAP. II. by slow degrees: yet quite recently Mr. Lubbock has shown a degree
 536.244naturalist, I may add, has also quite recently shown that the muscles in the
 562.68the study of a group of organisms quite unknown to him, he is at first much
 568.183come very near to, but do not quite arrive at the rank of species; or
 622.256to two forms the rank of species is quite indefinite. In genera having more than
 645.857and variation, will be dimly seen or quite misunderstood. We behold the face of
 661.583authenticated, they would have been quite incredible. So it is with plants: cases
 689.462of climate seems at first sight to be quite independent of the struggle for
 693.965we may feel sure that the cause lies quite as much in other species being favoured
 707.699is generally seen in passing from one quite different soil to another: not only the
 723.679that destroy the mice." Hence it is quite credible that the presence of a feline
 731.912and will consequently in a few years quite supplant the other varieties. To keep
 798.126permits us to judge, seem to be quite unimportant, we must not forget that
 872.1459act like a camel-hair pencil, and it is quite sufficient just to touch the anthers of
 1052.98or become quickly adapted to some quite new station, in which child and parent
 1155.265all reduced, but even enlarged. This is quite compatible with the action of natural
 1159.95in size, and in some cases are quite covered up by skin and fur. This state
 1177.348the competition of other organic beings quite as much as, or more than, by adaptation
 1205.57bond of correlation is very frequently quite obscure. M. Is. Geoffroy St. Hilaire
 1211.1508this occurs, the adherent nectary is quite aborted; when the colour is absent from
 1261.529sometimes become attached, from causes quite unknown to us, more to one sex than to
 1309.611endless number of generations, than in quite useless or rudimentary organs being, as
 1323.773are sometimes very obscure, or actually quite lost, in dark-coloured asses. The
 1331.480are plainest in the foal; and sometimes quite disappear in old horses. Colonel Poole
 1404.327This difficulty for a long time quite confounded me. But I think it can be in
 1412.6VI. TRANSITIONAL VARIETIES. it is quite remarkable how abruptly, as Alph. De
 1522.1341might be modified for some other and quite distinct purpose, or be quite
 1522.1371other and quite distinct purpose, or be quite obliterated. The illustration of the
 1530.859worked in by natural selection for some quite distinct purpose: in the same manner as
 1568.148and which have originated from quite secondary causes, independently of
 1574.421no doubt that the colour is due to some quite distinct cause, probably to sexual
 1586.535had some little effect on structure, quite independently of any good thus gained
 1638.266beings of the same class, and which is quite independent of their habits of life. On
 1663.813that the effects of habit are of quite subordinate importance to the effects
 1675.767eagerly devoured by the ant. Even the quite young aphides behaved in this manner
 1683.331rise, through natural selection, to quite new instincts. But I am well aware that
 1703.813hand, do our civilised dogs, even when quite young, require to be taught not to
 1737.1102it is clear, that the slaves feel quite at home. During the months of June and
 1763.845you please, and it seems at first quite inconceivable how they can make all the
 1819.72bears on a fact, which seems at first quite subversive of the foregoing theory
 1825.580its parasites or other enemies, or on quite distinct causes, and so be altogether
 1853.726on their heads, the use of which is quite unknown: in the Mexican Myrme- [page
 1859.342natural selection, as I believe to be quite possible, different from the fertile
 1910.501by most authors as distinct species, quite fertile together, he [page] 247 CHAP
 1932.400pollen of a distinct species, though quite sterile with their own pollen
 1956.241must either at first have produced quite fertile hybrids, or the hybrids must
 1956.322have become in subsequent generations quite fertile under domestication. This
 1956.670domestic dogs of South America, all are quite fertile together; and analogy makes me
 1956.828freely bred together and have produced quite fertile hybrids. So again there is
 1956.938and the humped Indian cattle are quite fertile together; but from facts
 1966.654produced, up to nearly complete or even quite complete fertility; and, as we have
 2006.1292to graft trees together belonging to quite distinct families; and, on the other
 2054.765are said by Gärtner not to be quite fertile when crossed, and he
 2070.62far more remarkable, and seems at first quite incredible; but it is the result of an
 2086.363find very few and, as it seems to me, quite unimportant differences between the so
 2128.161offspring, are very generally, but not quite universally, fertile. Nor is this
 2143.785conditions of life do not graduate away quite insensibly like heat or moisture. I
 2199.690thousand years. This estimate may be quite erroneous; yet, considering over what
 2365.266day; and that during these vast, yet quite unknown, periods of time, the world
 2412.280The variability of each species is quite independent of that of all others
 2424.46by its improved offspring, it is quite incredible that a fantail, identical
 2486.627the same effect. It is, indeed, quite futile to look to changes of currents
 2520.872so that the two groups, though formerly quite distinct, at that period made some
 2528.1532the economy of nature. Therefore it is quite possible, as we have seen in the case
 2550.530forms, and for the coming in of quite new forms by immigration, and for a
 2657.646nests similarly constructed, but not quite alike, with eggs coloured in nearly the
 2663.121we positively know, produces organisms quite like, or, as we see in the case of
 2663.324through natural selection, and in a quite subordinate degree to the direct
 2707.1794recent period continents which are now quite separate, have been continuously, or
 2737.51beaks and feet of birds are generally quite clean, I can show that earth sometimes
 2737.250and in this earth there was a pebble quite as large as [page] 363 CHAP. XI. MEANS
 2863.531dispersal. But the existence of several quite distinct species, belonging to genera
 2880.398many fresh-water species, belonging to quite different classes, an enormous range
 2892.828one aquarium to another, that I have quite unintentionally stocked the one with
 2904.746that its distribution must remain quite inexplicable; but Audubon states that
 2916.558existing islands have been nearly or quite joined to some continent. This view
 2918.456we must, I think, admit that something quite independently of any difference in
 2918.777in some other respects is not quite fair. We have evidence that the barren
 2922.226plants and animals have nearly or quite exterminated many native productions
 2984.316as I have elsewhere shown, in a quite marvellous manner, by very closely
 3085.65differ much, and the differences are of quite subordinate value in classification
 3101.1016are found to offer characters of quite subordinate value. We can see why
 3111.66has often been used, though perhaps not quite logically, in classification, more
 3139.160but the short-faced breed has nearly or quite lost this habit; nevertheless, without
 3179.60of animals exhibits an affinity to a quite distinct group, this affinity in most
 3191.220to reappear, though it would be quite impossible to give definitions by which
 3191.963varieties. In this case it would be quite impossible to give any definition by
 3225.864and structure; consequently it is quite probable that [page] 438 MORPHOLOGY
 3247.546or of two groups of species, differing quite as much, or even more, from each other
 3255.979the most diverse and active habits, or quite inactive, being fed by their parents or
 3263.1541and protected by its parent, it must be quite unimportant whether most of its
 3267.270parents. Hence, I conclude, that it is quite possible, that each of the many
 3267.544this view. But in other cases it is quite possible that each successive
 3315.43meaning of rudimentary organs is often quite unmistakeable: for instance there are
 3345.686imperfect, and useless condition, or quite aborted, far [page] 456 SUMMARY. CHAP
 3432.634differences so slight as to be quite inappreciable by an uneducated eye
 3442.424been asserted, but the assertion is quite incapable of proof, that the amount of
 3558.508formerly thus connected. Hence, without quite rejecting the consideration of the
 3558.729of difference between them. It is quite possible that forms now generally
 3578.857at present known, although of a length quite incomprehensible by us, will hereafter
1  quorra 
 4788.64of an Exploring Voyage up the Rivers Quorra and Tshadda in 1854. Map. 8vo. 16s
1  quotations 
 5340.12vo. (In Preparation.) —— FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS. Chiefly from English Authors. Third
4  quote 
 435.358as they please. If I had space I could quote numerous passages to this effect from
 968.321were swept away by the short-horns" (I quote the words of an agricultural writer
 2831.199cases occur; as an example, I may quote a remark by the highest authority, Prof
 3081.1119almost every author. It will suffice to quote the highest authority, Robert Brown
2  quoted 
 443.404size of the common gooseberry may be quoted. We see an astonishing improvement in
 560.773authorities and practical men can be quoted to show that the sessile and