Darwin_Charles_OOS.html -- R

N	Coord.	Preceding Context	WORD
6			rabbit
	297.325	unnatural conditions (for instance, the	rabbit and ferret kept in hutches), showing
	363.206	descended from the common wild duck and	rabbit. The doctrine of the origin of our
	423.206	met a pigeon, or poultry, or duck, or	rabbit fancier, who was not fully convinced
	1701.257	to tame than the young of the wild	rabbit; scarcely any animal is tamer than the
	1701.321	is tamer than the young of the tame	rabbit; but I do not suppose that domestic
	4338.0	Quince, grafts of, 261. R.	Rabbit, disposition of young, 215. Races
4			rabbits
	363.53	Gallus bankiva). In regard to ducks and	rabbits, the breeds of which differ
	836.440	home winged game, another hares or	rabbits, and another hunting on marshy ground
	1701.364	but I do not suppose that domestic	rabbits have ever been selected for tameness
	2657.1099	nearly the same habits as our hares and	rabbits and belonging to the same order of
1			racehorse
	3159.749	The resemblance of the greyhound and	racehorse is hardly more fanciful than the
3			race-horse
	429.577	But when we compare the dray-horse and	race-horse, the dromedary and camel, the various
	1038.253	the same way, for instance, the English	race-horse and English pointer have apparently
	1331.698	W. W. Edwards, that with the English	race-horse the spinal stripe is much commoner in
2			racehorses
	463.86	training, the whole body of English	racehorses have come to surpass in fleetness and
	2699.495	To illustrate what I mean: our English	racehorses differ slightly from the horses of
3			race-horses
	337.1230	that we could not breed our cart and	race-horses, long and short-horned cattle, and
	3275.444	I was told that the foals of cart and	race-horses differed as much as the full-grown
	4338.71	Races, domestic, characters of, 16.	Race-horses, Arab, 35. ——, English, 356. Ramond on
50			races
	75.25	OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED	RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE. BY CHARLES
	333.297	deductions can be drawn from domestic	races to species in a state of nature. I have
	337.299	during many generations, the several	races, for instance, of the cabbage, in very
	339.44	we look to the hereditary varieties or	races of our domestic animals and plants, and
	339.267	than in true species. Domestic	races of [page] 16 VARIATION. CHAP. I. the
	343.531	hereafter to be discussed), domestic	races of the same species differ from each
	343.792	find that there are hardly any domestic	races, either amongst animals or plants
	343.1038	distinction existed between domestic	races and species, this source of doubt could
	343.1149	It has often been stated that domestic	races do not differ from each other in
	345.85	difference between the domestic	races of the same species, we are soon
	349.497	but, in the case of some other domestic	races, there is presumptive, or even strong
	359.763	to several authors, that all the	races have descended from one wild stock. Mr
	365.51	of the origin of our several domestic	races from several aboriginal stocks, has
	365.1477	often been loosely said that all our	races of dogs have been produced by the
	369.33	I. account for our several domestic	races by this process, we must admit the
	369.235	the possibility of making distinct	races by crossing has been greatly
	369.543	between two extremely different	races or speceies, I can hardly believe. Sir
	389.249	under this term several geographical	races or sub-species, which differ from each
	423.695	the differences between the several	races; and though they well know that each
	423.1189	yet admit that many of our domestic	races have descended from the same parents
	425.67	consider the steps by which domestic	races have been produced, either from one or
	425.493	remarkable features in our domesticated	races [page] 30 SELECTION BY MAN. CHAP. I
	429.1149	culinary, orchard, and flower-garden	races of plants, most useful to man at
	449.1227	the flowers, or the fruit, will produce	races differing from each other chiefly in
	463.219	by the regulations for the Goodwood	Races, are favoured in the weights they carry
	477.91	whether or not two or more species or	races have become blended together by
	487.140	obvious, how it is that our domestic	races show adaptation in their structure or
	487.313	abnormal character of our domestic	races, and likewise their differences being
	511.134	of success in the formation of new	races,—at least, in a country which is
	511.200	which is already stocked with other	races. In this respect enclosure of the land
	511.460	to the fancier, for thus many	races may be kept true, though mingled in the
	515.40	To sum up on the origin of our Domestic	Races of animals and plants. I believe that
	548.1384	they are often called, as geographical	races! Many years ago, when comparing, and
	1038.425	having given off any fresh branches or	races. After ten thousand generations
	1297.274	understood by looking to our domestic	races. The most distinct breeds of pigeons
	1297.549	variations in two or more distinct	races. The frequent presence of fourteen or
	1297.823	variations are due to the several	races of the pigeon having inherited from a
	1345.737	or three sub-species or geographical	races) of a bluish colour, with certain bars
	1584.155	purpose the differences between the	races of man, which are so strongly marked; I
	2060.666	the most important consideration, new	races of animals and plants are produced
	2424.204	or even from the other well-established	races of the domestic pigeon, for the newly
	2556.513	if the principal living and extinct	races of the domestic pigeon were arranged as
	2799.191	some naturalists rank as geographical	races, and others as distinct species; and a
	2869.1013	stranded may be compared with savage	races of man, driven up and surviving in the
	3129.179	a genealogical arrangement of the	races of man would afford the best
	3129.664	states of civilisation of the several	races, descended from a common race) had
	3434.182	of favoured individuals and	races, during the constantly-recurrent
	4170.15	insular, 393. Man, origin of	races of, 199. Manatee, rudimentary nails of
	4338.35	R. Rabbit, disposition of young, 215.	Races, domestic, characters of, 16. Race
	5116.152	inhabited by the Polynesian Negro	Races. Plates. 8vo. 16s. ESKIMAUX (THE) and
1			radetzky
	5090.23	vo. 2s. 6d. ——— Second Campaign of	Radetzky in Piedmont. The Defence of Temeswar
5			radiating
	208.304	Affinities, general, complex and	radiating — Extinction separates and defines
	2863.1071	very distinct species have migrated in	radiating lines from some common centre; and I am
	3185.138	understand the excessively complex and	radiating affinities by which all the members of
	3197.1628	together by the most complex and	radiating [page] 434 MORPHOLOGY. CHAP. XIII
	3351.229	extinct beings are united by complex,	radiating, and circuitous lines of affinities
1			radiating—extinction
	3055.292	Affinities, general, complex and	radiating—Extinction separates and defines groups—MORPHOLOGY
1			radicle
	3107.80	mode of development of the plumule and	radicle. In our discussion on embryology, we
1			radish
	884.37	If several varieties of the cabbage,	radish, onion, and of some other plants, be
2			radius
	1775.142	of each sphere at the distance of	radius x v 2, or radius x 1.41421 (or at some
	1775.159	at the distance of radius x v 2, or	radius x 1.41421 (or at some lesser distance
4			railway
	5354.56	or, the London and North-Western	Railway. Post 8vo. 2s. 6d. ——Defenceless State
	5498.23	By LORD MAHON. LONDON & NORTH-WESTERN	RAILWAY. By SIR F. B. HEAD. ADVENTURES IN THE
	5770.8	Philip Durham. 8vo. 5s. 6d. MURRAYS	RAILWAY READING. For all classes of Readers
	6048.32	d. STEPHENSON'S (GEORGE) Life. The	Railway Engineer. By SAMUEL SMILES. Fifth
1			rain-water
	2227.1033	be dissolved by the percolation of	rain-water. I suspect that but few of the very
8			raise
	477.484	of a wild plant. No one would expect to	raise a first-rate melting pear from the seed
	604.466	whether or not the amount suffices to	raise one or both to the rank of species
	701.191	its preservation. Thus we can easily	raise plenty of corn and rape-seed, &c., in
	711.670	had during twenty-six years tried to	raise its head above the stems of the heath
	878.579	each other, it is hardly possible to	raise pure seedlings, so largely do they
	988.780	fresh water. Farmers find that they can	raise most food by a rotation of plants
	1942.308	to nurserymen. Horticulturists	raise large beds of the same hybrids, and
	3558.184	at by most naturalists as sufficient to	raise both forms to the rank of species
22			raised
	285.584	to our domestic productions having been	raised under conditions of life not so uniform
	505.1797	larger, earlier, or better fruit, and	raised seedlings from them, and again picked
	509.97	of the strawberry which have been	raised during the last thirty or forty years
	878.1339	one flower on the stigma of another, I	raised plenty of seedlings; and whilst another
	884.171	as I have found, of the seedlings thus	raised will turn out mongrels: for instance, I
	884.218	will turn out mongrels: for instance, I	raised 233 seedling cabbages from some plants
	982.1191	weight of dry herbage can thus be	raised. The same has been found to hold good
	1177.675	thus the pines and rhododendrons,	raised from seed collected by Dr. Hooker from
	1924.257	amongst breeders. Hybrids are seldom	raised by experimentalists in great numbers
	1948.96	families of the same hybrid have been	raised at the same time from different parents
	1950.570	se. This was effected by Mr. Eyton, who	raised two hybrids from the same parents but
	1950.667	hatches; and from these two birds he	raised no less than eight hybrids
	1974.528	greatly in the several individuals	raised from seed out of the same capsule and
	1980.157	shown by hybrids never having been	raised between species ranked by systematists
	1986.1595	is also a remarkable fact, that hybrids	raised from reciprocal crosses, though of
	1992.820	sterile, even when the other hybrids	raised from seed from the same capsule have a
	2066.826	to notice that the hybrid plants thus	raised were themselves perfectly fertile; so
	2074.365	and one variety can sometimes be	raised from the seed of the other. From
	2424.123	with the existing breed, could be	raised from any other species of pigeon, or
	2452.391	and slightly improved variety has been	raised, it at first supplants the less
	3113.451	naturalists as only a genus, and then	raised to the rank of a sub-family or family
	3566.296	rise immensely in value. A new variety	raised by man will be a far more important and
1			raiser
	423.35	Ask, as I have asked, a celebrated	raiser of Hereford cattle, whether his cattle
2			raises
	1938.743	Noble, for instance, informs me that he	raises stocks for grafting from a hybrid
	2823.796	collected on the loftier peaks of Java	raises a picture of a collection made on a
3			raising
	505.604	On the other hand, nurserymen, from	raising large stocks of the same plants, are
	1761.215	for the very different purpose of	raising slaves. When the instinct was once
	3165.425	nature in any one class, by arbitrarily	raising or sinking the value of the groups in
1			ralph
	6148.8	Third Edition. 12mo. 2s. WORNUM (	RALPH). A Biographical Dictionary of Italian
1			rambling
	511.819	other hand, cats, from their nocturnal	rambling habits, cannot be matched, and
2			ramifications
	1108.819	with its ever branching and beautiful	ramifications. [page] 131 CHAP. V. LAWS OF VARIATION
	5560.33	s. KNAPPS (J. A.) English Roots and	Ramifications; or, the Derivation and Meaning of
1			ramifying
	1104.769	of the former and present buds by	ramifying branches may well represent the
2			ramond
	2773.42	those of the Pyrenees, as remarked by	Ramond, are more especially allied to the
	4340.0	horses, Arab, 35. ——, English, 356.	Ramond on plants of Pyrenees, 368. Ramsay
4			ramsay
	2177.196	deposits of many countries! Professor	Ramsay has given me the maximum thickness, in
	2207.165	has varied from 600 to 3000 feet. Prof.	Ramsay has published an account of a downthrow
	2213.321	feet, as I am informed by Prof.	Ramsay. But if, as some geologists suppose, a
	4341.0	Ramond on plants of Pyrenees, 368.	Ramsay, Prof., on thickness of the British
1			ramsay's
	2209.305	feet in thickness, as shown in Prof.	Ramsay's masterly memoir on this subject. Yet it
1			ramsden's
	4752.4	to 1835. 4to. 21s. each. 31.	RAMSDEN'S ENGINE for DIVIDING MATHEMATICAL
1			ramus
	381.189	well as the breadth and length of the	ramus of the lower jaw, varies in a highly
65			range
	272.356	why another allied species has a narrow	range and is rare? Yet these relations are of
	566.374	first impressions. As he extends the	range of his observations, he will meet with
	584.594	is a different consideration from wide	range, and to a certain extent from
	588.12	VARY MOST. CHAP. II. those which	range widely over the world, are the most
	616.204	if a variety were found to have a wider	range than that of its supposed parent
	616.737	value: these 63 reputed species	range on an average over 6.9 of the provinces
	616.911	varieties are recorded, and these	range over 7.7 provinces; whereas, the
	616.990	species to which these varieties belong	range over 14.3 provinces. So that the
	616.1097	very nearly the same restricted average	range, as have those very closely allied
	665.211	Europe; and there are plants which now	range in India, as I hear from Dr. Falconer
	701.1042	even on the extreme confines of their	range. For in such cases, we may believe
	743.36	Look at a plant in the midst of its	range, why does it not double or quadruple
	747.316	it. On the confines of its geographical	range, a change of constitution with respect
	747.480	that only a few plants or animals	range so far, that they are destroyed by the
	942.824	intercrossing on the confines of the	range of each species will thus be checked
	1127.48	of varieties of one species, when they	range [page] 133 CHAP. V. LAWS OF VARIATION
	1177.1186	times having largely extended their	range from warmer to cooler latitudes, and
	1183.611	of the world, and now have a far wider	range than any other rodent, living free
	1331.1160	and mouse-duns; by the term dun a large	range of colour is included, from one between
	1412.770	organic beings, we must see that the	range of the inhabitants of any country by no
	1412.1173	another by insensible gradations, the	range of any one species, depending as it
	1412.1227	species, depending as it does on the	range of others, will tend to be sharply
	1412.1323	each species on the confines of its	range, where it exists in lessened numbers
	1412.1527	and thus its geographical	range will come to be still more sharply
	1414.151	so distributed that each has a wide	range, with a comparatively narrow neutral
	1560.1059	these small enemies, would be able to	range into new pastures and thus gain a great
	2213.367	But if, as some geologists suppose, a	range of older rocks underlies the Weald, on
	2299.657	spot. Most marine animals have a wide	range; and we have seen that with plants it
	2299.732	it is those which have the widest	range, that oftenest present varieties; so
	2299.865	those which have had the widest	range, far exceeding the limits of the known
	2323.59	inhabitants of the archipelago now	range thousands of miles beyond its confines
	2339.911	have huge bones, are marine, and	range over the world, the fact of not a
	2351.1126	families of fish now have a confined	range; the teleostean fish might formerly
	2351.1198	formerly have had a similarly confined	range, and after having been largely
	2357.535	and then to discuss the number and	range of its productions. On the sudden
	2651.610	fauna. So that here three marine faunas	range far northward and southward, in
	2651.1369	eastern Pacific islands, yet many fish	range from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean
	2683.596	discontinuous the formerly continuous	range of many species. So that we are reduced
	2687.14	DISTRIBUTION. CHAP. XI. continuity of	range are so numerous and of so grave a
	2809.133	western shores of Britain to the Oural	range, and southward to the Pyrenees. We may
	2857.98	on the view here given in regard to the	range and affinities of the allied species
	2880.435	to quite different classes, an enormous	range, but allied species prevail in a
	2886.137	on the same continent the species often	range widely and almost capriciously; for two
	2892.52	of fresh-water shells have a very wide	range, and allied species, which, on my
	2898.398	as if in consequence, a very wide	range. I think favourable means of dispersal
	2902.293	vast distances, and if consequently the	range of these plants was not very great. The
	2910.1080	as fresh-water productions ever can	range, over immense areas, and having
	3006.351	that in those genera of birds which	range over the world, many of the species
	3006.755	productions, in which so many genera	range over the world, and many individual
	3010.43	genera all the species have a wide	range, or even that they have on an average a
	3010.94	that they have on an average a wide	range; but only that some of the species
	3010.135	but only that some of the species	range very widely; for the facility with
	3010.274	will largely determine their average	range. For instance, two varieties of the
	3010.393	and the species thus has an immense	range; but, if the variation had been a
	3010.526	as distinct species, and the common	range would have been greatly reduced. Still
	3010.747	winged birds, will necessarily	range widely; for we should never forget that
	3010.796	for we should never forget that to	range widely implies not only the power of
	3010.1218	find, that some at least of the species	range very widely; for it is necessary that
	3010.1291	that the unmodified parent should	range widely, undergoing modification during
	3016.767	is, the more widely it is apt to	range. The relations just discussed,—namely
	3165.613	extend the parallelism over a wide	range; and thus the septenary, quinary
	3398.425	by many means. A broken or interrupted	range may often be accounted for by the
	3927.11	on colours of shells, 132. —on abrupt	range of shells in depth, 175. ——on poorness
	4305.16	by insects, 67. ——, in midst of	range, have to struggle with other plants
	4557.22	Water-ouzel, 185. Watson, Mr. H. C., on	range of varieties of British plants
4			ranged
	1131.878	bright-coloured by variation when it	ranged into warmer or shallower waters. When
	2880.149	fresh-water productions would not have	ranged widely within the same country, and as
	2910.1021	of many species having formerly	ranged as continuously as fresh-water
	3024.413	in mind how often a species may have	ranged continuously over a wide area, and then
21			ranges
	132.363	to each other, and in having restricted	ranges. .. .. .. .. .. .. 44-59 [page] vi
	272.276	us. Who can explain why one species	ranges widely and is very numerous, and why
	524.353	to each other, and in having restricted	ranges. BEFORE applying the principles
	554.661	they have different geographical	ranges; and lastly, according to very numerous
	584.73	shown that plants which have very wide	ranges generally present varieties; and this
	590.982	loving plants have generally very wide	ranges and are much diffused, but this seems
	616.98	generally have much restricted	ranges: this statement is indeed scarcely more
	616.459	varieties, often have much restricted	ranges. For instance, Mr. H. C. Watson has
	622.625	species apparently have restricted	ranges. In all these several respects the
	743.203	dampness or dryness, for elsewhere it	ranges [page] 78 STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE. CHAP
	1018.301	more than rare species with restricted	ranges. Let (A) be a common, widely-diffused
	1177.298	a state of nature are limited in their	ranges by the competition of other organic
	2723.1361	such plants generally have restricted	ranges. But seeds may be occasionally
	2781.94	species will have been left on mountain	ranges distant from each other, and have
	2861.269	man's agency in a foreign land; why one	ranges twice or thrice as far, and is twice or
	2898.61	it has long been known what enormous	ranges many fresh-water and even marsh-species
	2936.923	whatever the cause may be, confined	ranges. Hence trees would be little likely to
	2948.1696	many of the same species have enormous	ranges, and are found on continents and on far
	3006.408	many of the species have very wide	ranges. I can hardly doubt that this rule is
	3006.819	many individual species have enormous	ranges. It is not meant that in world- [page
	3454.651	genera apparently have restricted	ranges, and they are clustered in little
12			ranging
	132.67	Differences — Doubtful species — Wide	ranging, much diffused, and common species vary
	524.61	differences—Doubtful species—Wide	ranging, much diffused, and common species vary
	594.174	The cause of lowly-organised plants	ranging widely will be discussed in our chapter
	2602.1005	any one area and formation; that widely	ranging species are those which have varied
	2882.45	power in fresh-water productions of	ranging widely, though so unexpected, can, I
	3010.0	page] 405 CHAP. XII. OCEANIC ISLANDS.	ranging genera all the species have a wide
	3010.663	the capacity of crossing barriers and	ranging widely, as in the case of certain
	3016.349	forms will have had a better chance of	ranging widely and of still retaining the same
	3018.72	low and slowly-changing organisms	ranging more widely than the high,—some of the
	3018.163	of widely-ranging genera themselves	ranging widely,—such facts, as alpine
	3057.720	attempted to show that it is the widely	ranging, the much diffused and common, that is
	3412.1490	at least in any great number. Widely	ranging species vary most, and varieties are
2			ranke's
	4652.19	Post 8vo. 10s. ——— Translation of	Ranke's History of the Popes of Rome. Third
	5924.0	d. QUARTERLY REVIEW (THE). 8vo. 6S.	RANKE'S (LEOPOLD) Political and Ecclesiastical
55			ranked
	343.853	animals or plants, which have not been	ranked by some competent judges as mere
	383.165	birds, would certainly, I think, be	ranked by him as well-defined species
	473.155	or not sufficiently distinct to be	ranked [page] 37 CHAP. I. UNCONSCIOUS
	542.1145	very many cases, however, one form is	ranked as a variety of another, not because
	544.47	in determining whether a form should be	ranked as a species or a variety, the opinion
	544.330	can be named which have not been	ranked as species by at least some competent
	548.246	a surprising number of forms have been	ranked by one botanist as good species, and by
	548.510	as varieties, but which have all been	ranked by botanists as species; and in making
	548.639	but which nevertheless have been	ranked by some botanists as species, and he
	548.989	are highly locomotive, doubtful forms,	ranked by one zoologist as a species and by
	548.1254	slightly from each other, have been	ranked by one eminent naturalist as undoubted
	552.20	DOUBTFUL SPECIES. be doubted would be	ranked as distinct species by many
	552.159	as varieties, but which have been	ranked as species by some zoologists. Several
	552.875	the character of species that they are	ranked by other highly-competent judges as
	558.444	parents, and consequently must be	ranked as varieties. Close investigation, in
	560.486	varieties, moreover, will be often	ranked by some authors as species. Look at the
	608.10	II. RESEMBLE VARIETIES. should be	ranked as species or varieties. Now Fries has
	616.604	th edition) 63 plants which are therein	ranked as species, but which he considers as
	616.1227	but which are almost universally	ranked by British botanists as good and true
	622.67	if differing very little, are generally	ranked as varieties, notwithstanding that
	1062.688	descended from (A), will have to be	ranked as very distinct genera, or even as
	1102.0	be [page] 129 CHAP. IV. SUMMARY.	ranked in a single file, but seem rather to be
	1317.317	which themselves must be doubtfully	ranked as either varieties or species; and
	1456.74	lemur, which formerly was falsely	ranked amongst bats. It has an extremely wide
	1711.461	have generally, and most justly, been	ranked by naturalists as the most wonderful of
	1918.789	certain doubtful forms should be	ranked as species or varieties, with the
	1950.398	so different that they are generally	ranked in distinct genera, have often bred in
	1980.180	having been raised between species	ranked by systematists in distinct families
	2006.1770	more readily on the quince, which is	ranked as a distinct genus, than on the apple
	2054.563	sterile together, they are at once	ranked by most naturalists as species. For
	2068.298	but the forms experimentised on, are	ranked by Sagaret, who mainly founds his
	2080.180	in any degree would generally be	ranked as species; from man selecting only
	2118.76	forms sufficiently distinct to be	ranked as species, and their hybrids, are very
	2291.571	between B and C, it would simply be	ranked as a third and distinct species, unless
	2293.615	fossils, though almost universally	ranked as specifically different, [page
	2305.308	the shores of North America, which are	ranked by some conchologists as distinct
	2323.687	followed by many palæontologists, be	ranked as new and distinct species. If then
	2329.12	OF THE CHAP. IX. logists, be	ranked as distinct species. But I do not
	2480.1569	underlying deposits, would be correctly	ranked as simultaneous in a geological sense
	2514.940	fall in between existing groups. Cuvier	ranked the Ruminants and Pachyderms, as the
	2564.117	closely consecutive formations, though	ranked as distinct species, being closely
	2781.858	same, some present varieties, some are	ranked as doubtful forms, and some few are
	2799.293	or representative forms which are	ranked by all naturalists as specifically
	2833.532	hemisphere are of doubtful value, being	ranked by some naturalists as specifically
	2833.703	related to northern forms, must be	ranked as distinct species. Now let us see
	2972.162	birds, and twenty-five of these are	ranked by Mr. Gould as distinct species
	3010.483	the two varieties would have been	ranked as distinct species, and the common
	3075.785	with the whole life of the being, are	ranked as merely "adaptive or analogical
	3095.459	leave us in no doubt where it should be	ranked. Hence, also, it has been found, that a
	3113.393	and insects, of a group of forms, first	ranked by practised naturalists as only a
	3119.493	this is expressed by the forms being	ranked under different genera, families
	3123.357	existing species, descended from A, be	ranked in the same genus with the parent A; or
	3141.1143	Catasetum), which had previously been	ranked as three distinct genera, were known to
	3145.476	According to all analogy, it would be	ranked with bears; but then assuredly all the
	3277.588	that they would, I cannot doubt, be	ranked in distinct genera, had they been
4			ranking
	542.685	the one as a variety of the other,	ranking the most common, but sometimes the one
	2118.335	diametrically opposite conclusions in	ranking forms by this test. The sterility is
	3127.721	have undergone, have to be expressed by	ranking them under different so-called genera
	3351.1067	of descent has been universally used in	ranking together the sexes, ages, and
4			ranks
	1914.15	CHAP. VIII. STERILITY. unhesitatingly	ranks them as varieties. Gärtner, also, makes
	2054.813	when crossed, and he consequently	ranks them as undoubted species. If we thus
	2839.1700	forms might have penetrated the native	ranks and have reached or even crossed the
	3141.971	from the primrose, or conversely,	ranks them together as a single species, and
1			rape-seed
	701.216	we can easily raise plenty of corn and	rape-seed, &c., in our fields, because the seeds
14			rapid
	140.98	Geometrical powers of increase —	Rapid increase of naturalised animals and
	289.214	animals are still capable of	rapid improvement or modification. It has
	451.316	has been, in a corresponding degree,	rapid and important. But it is very far from
	661.137	recorded cases of the astonishingly	rapid increase of various animals in a state
	665.884	simply explains the extraordinarily	rapid increase and wide diffusion of
	912.720	little and which can increase at a very	rapid rate, a new and improved variety might
	934.1015	will generally have been more	rapid on large areas; and what is more
	1257.1161	at the present time are undergoing	rapid change by continued selection, are also
	1936.109	of the hybrid made vigorous growth and	rapid progress to maturity, and bore good
	2213.1450	of a lofty cliff would be more	rapid from the breakage of the fallen
	2464.157	by sudden immigration or by unusually	rapid development, many species of a new
	2464.290	have exterminated in a correspondingly	rapid manner many of the old inhabitants; and
	2990.480	united. The currents of the sea are	rapid and sweep across the archipelago, and
	5346.41	S (SIR FRANCIS) Rough Notes of some	Rapid Journeys across the Pampas and over the
1			rapidity
	2994.685	s agency, have spread with astonishing	rapidity over new countries, we are apt to infer
11			rapidly
	657.32	III. be now increasing, more or less	rapidly, in numbers, all cannot do so, for the
	667.251	geometrical ratio, that all would most	rapidly stock every station in which they could
	673.562	to those species, which depend on a	rapidly fluctuating amount of food, for it
	673.617	amount of food, for it allows them	rapidly to increase in number. But the real
	1261.290	strain. But as long as selection is	rapidly going on, there may always be expected
	1600.371	compared with another; but they are now	rapidly yielding before the advancing legions
	2299.84	animals and plants that can propagate	rapidly and are not highly locomotive, there is
	2337.417	forms, which would be able to spread	rapidly and widely throughout the world. I
	2892.441	how some naturalised species have	rapidly spread throughout the same country. But
	3032.1615	were capable of varying more or less	rapidly, there would ensue in different regions
	3331.1249	absorbed, can be of any service to the	rapidly growing embryonic calf by the excretion
36			rarely
	291.1338	display the utmost vigour, and yet	rarely or never seed! In some few such cases
	487.578	as is externally visible; and indeed he	rarely cares for what is internal. He can
	511.311	or the inhabitants of open plains	rarely possess more than one breed of the same
	526.747	universally implied, though it can	rarely be proved. We have also what are called
	548.1059	and by another as a variety, can	rarely be found within the same country, but
	687.792	of prey: even the tiger in India most	rarely dares to attack a young elephant
	898.247	their whole organisation, yet are not	rarely, some of them hermaphrodites, and some
	1155.580	winds, or by giving up the attempt and	rarely or never flying. As with mariners
	1205.186	very frequently, and that others	rarely coexist, without our being able to
	1225.361	to one part or organ in excess, it	rarely flows, at least in excess, to another
	1245.1622	males and females; but as females more	rarely offer remarkable secondary sexual
	1249.5	CHAP. V. LAWS OF VARIATION. more	rarely to them. The rule being so plainly
	1263.403	in any extreme degree, as species very	rarely endure for more than one geological
	1279.23	CHAP. V. progenitor, for it can	rarely have happened that natural selection
	1309.280	of the barb-pigeon, which produces most	rarely a blue and black-barred bird, there has
	1323.260	apparently of reversion. The ass not	rarely has very distinct transverse bars on
	1398.391	These contingencies will concur only	rarely, and after enormously long intervals
	1470.79	for very different habits of life will	rarely have been developed at an early period
	1486.328	are upland geese with webbed feet which	rarely or never go near the water; and no one
	1492.709	either living on the dry land or most	rarely alighting on the water; that there
	1552.260	very small, I have been astonished how	rarely an organ can be named, towards which no
	1657.311	actions are performed, indeed not	rarely in direct opposition to our conscious
	1703.122	in those breeds of fowls which very	rarely or never become "broody," that is
	1703.753	do not keep these domestic animals. How	rarely, on the other hand, do our civilised
	1747.217	nest. This species is sometimes, though	rarely, made into slaves, as has been
	1747.831	little and furious F. flava, which they	rarely capture, and it was evident that they
	1972.70	are very difficult to cross, and which	rarely produce any offspring, are generally
	1972.556	are species which can be crossed very	rarely, or with extreme difficulty, but the
	2038.712	though in some degree variable,	rarely diminishes. It must, however, be
	2227.847	the view of the bottom of the sea not	rarely lying for ages in an unaltered
	2301.297	the case of fossil species this could	rarely be effected by palæontologists. We
	2886.372	means; like that of the live fish not	rarely dropped by whirlwinds in India, and the
	2898.518	that earth occasionally, though	rarely, adheres in some quantity to the feet
	3239.1156	of the lion. We occasionally though	rarely see something of this kind in plants
	3313.208	be utterly incapable of flight, and not	rarely lying under wing-cases, firmly soldered
	3464.222	that upland geese, which never or	rarely swim, should have been created with
15			rarer
	693.258	see some species gradually getting	rarer and rarer, and finally disappearing
	693.268	species gradually getting rarer and	rarer, and finally disappearing; and the
	964.164	natural selection, others will become	rarer and rarer, and finally extinct. The
	964.174	selection, others will become rarer and	rarer, and finally extinct. The forms which
	1400.479	and interlock; and as the one becomes	rarer and rarer, the other becomes more and
	1400.489	and as the one becomes rarer and	rarer, the other becomes more and more
	1408.166	then becoming somewhat abruptly	rarer and rarer on the confines, and finally
	1408.176	becoming somewhat abruptly rarer and	rarer on the confines, and finally
	1414.255	in which they become rather suddenly	rarer and rarer; then, as varieties do not
	1414.265	they become rather suddenly rarer and	rarer; then, as varieties do not essentially
	1418.753	two other forms occur, they are much	rarer numerically than the forms which they
	1424.243	selection to seize on, than will the	rarer forms which exist in lesser numbers
	1424.651	of well-marked varieties than do the	rarer species. I may illustrate what I mean
	2444.1310	horse would certainly have become	rarer and rarer, and finally extinct;—its
	2444.1320	would certainly have become rarer and	rarer, and finally extinct;—its place being
1			rarest
	295.338	whereas, carnivorous birds, with the	rarest exceptions, hardly ever lay fertile
16			rarity
	160.87	modification — Transitions — Absence or	rarity of transitional varieties — Transitions
	511.1141	animals vary less than others, yet the	rarity or absence of distinct breeds of the
	645.789	with every fact on distribution,	rarity, abundance, extinction, and variation
	956.548	forms decrease and become rare.	Rarity, as geology tells us, is the precursor
	1374.83	modification—Transitions—Absence or	rarity of transitional varieties—Transitions
	1392.18	separate chapters. On the absence or	rarity of transitional varieties.—As natural
	2233.461	than pages of detail. Nor is their	rarity surprising, when we remember how large
	2444.280	have felt the least surprise at its	rarity; for rarity is the attribute of a vast
	2444.292	the least surprise at its rarity; for	rarity is the attribute of a vast number of
	2446.214	agencies are amply sufficient to cause	rarity, and finally extinction. We see in many
	2446.312	more recent tertiary formations, that	rarity precedes extinction; and we know that
	2450.217	extinct-to feel no surprise at the	rarity of a species, and yet to marvel greatly
	3993.7	in the United States, 115. ——, on	rarity of intermediate varieties, 176. ——, on
	4529.17	extinction of, 111. —, transitional,	rarity of, 172. —, when crossed, fertile
	4561.7	on Alpine plants, 367, 376. ——, on	rarity of intermediate varieties, 176. Weald
	4581.6	on wingless beetles, 135. —, on	rarity of intermediate varieties, 176. ——, on
2			rates
	186.78	of new species — On their different	rates of change — Species once lost do not
	2398.76	of new species—On their different	rates of change—Species once lost do not
25			rather
	51.0	s works; divinity or philosophy; but	rather let men endeavour an endless progress
	369.974	and then the extreme difficulty, or	rather utter hopelessness, of the task becomes
	582.882	here is with much brevity, is	rather perplexing, and allusions cannot be
	651.781	devour and thus disseminate its seeds	rather than those of other plants. In these
	836.562	or snipes. The tendency to catch rats	rather than mice is known to be inherited. Now
	846.582	which have four stamens producing	rather a small quantity of pollen, and a
	976.192	fancier is struck by a pigeon having a	rather longer beak; and on the acknowledged
	1006.59	will aid us in understanding this	rather perplexing subject. Let A to L
	1070.735	directly intermediate between them, but	rather between types of the two groups; and
	1102.34	ranked in a single file, but seem	rather to be clustered round points, and these
	1125.191	in the case of animals, but perhaps	rather more in that of plants. We may, at
	1414.239	between them, in which they become	rather suddenly rarer and rarer; then, as
	1450.214	with the posterior part of their bodies	rather wide and with the skin on their flanks
	1450.260	wide and with the skin on their flanks	rather full, to the so-called flying squirrels
	1456.1163	constructed for gliding through the air	rather than for flight. If about a dozen
	1586.1073	females, can be called useful only in	rather a forced sense. But by far the most
	1853.459	any two species of the same genus, or	rather as any two genera of the same family
	2132.310	do not seem to me opposed to, but even	rather to support the view, that there is no
	2293.458	ought to find. Moreover, if we look to	rather wider intervals, namely, to distinct
	3159.1349	such resemblances will not reveal—will	rather tend to conceal their blood
	3239.802	resemblance, sometimes lasts till a	rather late age: thus birds of the same genus
	3263.233	on this head—indeed the evidence	rather points the other way; for it is
	3285.460	of variation having supervened at a	rather late age, and having been inherited at
	3289.537	modification supervening at a	rather late age, and being inherited at a
	3289.946	having undergone much modification at a	rather late period of life, and having thus
7			ratio
	665.779	to breed. In such cases the geometrical	ratio of increase, the result of which never
	667.224	tending to increase at a geometrical	ratio, that all would most rapidly stock
	755.0	CHAP. III. STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE.	ratio; that each at some period of its life
	3434.378	follows from the high geometrical	ratio of increase which is common to all
	3456.41	each species tends by its geometrical	ratio of reproduction to increase
	3592.44	of life, and from use and disuse; a	Ratio of Increase so high as to lead to a
	4343.0	formations, 284. —, on faults, 285.	Ratio of increase, 63. Rats, supplanting each
2			rational
	1171.154	It would be most difficult to give any	rational explanation of the affinities of the
	5910.11	Vols. Post 8vo. 24s. ——— (MRS.)	Rational Arithmetic for Schools and for Private
1			rattle
	1596.599	time this snake is furnished with a	rattle for its own injury, namely, to warn its
1			rattlesnake
	1596.434	of any weight. It is admitted that the	rattlesnake has a poison-fang for its own defence
1			rattle-snake
	4347.0	of, 141. —, blind in cave, 137.	Rattle-snake, 201. Reason and instinct
1			ravaged
	1753.90	on the top of a spray of heath over its	ravaged home. Such are the facts, though they
1			ravages
	5932.73	To which are added Chapters on the	Ravages, the Preservation, for Purposes of
3			rawlinson
	5374.76	with Notes, and Essays. By Rev Or.	RAWLINSON, assisted by SIR HENRY RAWLINSON, and
	5374.109	Or. RAWLINSON, assisted by SIR HENRY	RAWLINSON, and SIR J. G- WILKINSON. Maps and
	5926.112	Notes and Essays. Assisted by SIR HENRY	RAWLINSON and SIR J. G WILKINSON. Maps and
1			rawlinson's
	5926.0	Third Edition. 2 Vols. 8vo. 24s.	RAWLINSON'S (REV. GEORGE) Herodotus. A New English
3			ray-florets
	1211.431	and the shape of the seeds in the	ray-florets in some Compositæ countenances this
	1213.164	that C. C. Sprengel's idea that the	ray-florets serve to attract insects, whose agency
	4428.7	C. C., on crossing, 98. ——, on	ray-florets, 145. Squirrels, gradations in
1			ray-petals
	1211.728	thought that the development of the	ray-petals by drawing nourishment from certain
11			reach
	693.1415	or in descending a mountain. When we	reach the Arctic regions, or snow-capped
	719.905	pratense), as other bees cannot	reach the nectar. Hence I have very little
	747.567	of the climate alone. Not until we	reach the extreme confines of life, in the
	1502.267	lines, can be shown to exist, until we	reach a moderately high stage of perfection
	2022.647	pistil too long for the pollen-tubes to	reach the ovarium. It has also been observed
	2026.17	CHAP. VIII. male element may	reach the female element, but be incapable of
	2171.48	of degradation. The tides in most cases	reach the cliffs only for a short time twice
	2355.174	capes of Africa or Australia, and thus	reach other and distant seas. From these and
	2936.969	Hence trees would be little likely to	reach distant oceanic islands; and an
	3251.1001	well-developed organs of sense, and to	reach by their active powers of swimming, a
	3317.238	pistil is to allow the pollen-tubes to	reach the ovules protected in the ovarium at
5			reached
	1167.1131	By the time that an animal had	reached, after numberless generations, the
	2761.851	plains. By the time that the cold had	reached its maximum, we should have a uniform
	2839.1715	penetrated the native ranks and have	reached or even crossed the equator. The
	2845.405	on the lowlands; those which had not	reached the equator, would re-migrate northward
	2962.224	since their arrival, could have	reached their present homes. But the
2			reaches
	1018.1157	natural selection. When a dotted line	reaches one of the horizontal lines, and is
	2428.329	increase in number, till the group	reaches its maximum, and then, sooner or later
2			reaching
	1034.633	by some of the lower branches not	reaching to the upper horizontal lines. In some
	2022.544	impossibility in the male element	reaching the ovule, as would be the case with a
1			reacting
	1430.384	produced and the old ones acting and	reacting on each other. So that, in any one
3			reaction
	729.554	this problem compared to the action and	reaction of the innumerable plants and animals
	2663.680	immigrants;—and on their action and	reaction, in their mutual struggles for life
	3032.1813	endless amount of organic action and	reaction,—and we should find, as we do find
9			reader
	242.164	statements; and I must trust to the	reader reposing some confidence in my accuracy
	1376.102	difficulties will have occurred to the	reader. Some of them are so grave that to this
	1865.309	driver ant (Anomma) of West Africa. The	reader will perhaps best appreciate the amount
	2165.334	possible for me even to recall to the	reader, who may not be a practical geologist
	2528.162	is somewhat complex, I must request the	reader to turn to the diagram in the fourth
	3063.233	and preceding forms. I request the	reader to turn to the diagram illustrating the
	3119.559	families, sections, or orders. The	reader will best understand what is meant, if
	3376.71	argument, it may be convenient to the	reader to have the leading facts and
	3384.195	when crossed, I must refer the	reader to the recapitulation of the facts
2			reader's
	681.716	a few remarks, just to recall to the	reader's mind some of the chief points. Eggs or
	1683.473	can produce but a feeble effect on the	reader's mind. I can only repeat my assurance
2			readers
	1649.276	will probably have occurred to many	readers, as a difficulty sufficient to
	5770.44	RAILWAY READING. For all classes of	Readers. [The following are published
1			readiest
	3018.774	of colonisation from the nearest and	readiest source, together with the subsequent
21			readily
	441.984	he will assuredly fail. Few would	readily believe in the natural capacity and
	1153.901	other hand, those beetles which most	readily took to flight will oftenest have been
	1173.464	be correct, acclimatisation must be	readily effected during long-continued descent
	1179.115	man because they were useful and bred	readily under confinement, and not because they
	1183.851	to any special climate as a quality	readily grafted on an innate wide flexibility
	1225.478	a cow to give much milk and to fatten	readily. The same varieties of the cabbage do
	1285.316	a wide scope for action, and may thus	readily have succeeded in giving to the species
	1297.228	These propositions will be most	readily understood by looking to our domestic
	1361.1293	in this case, natural selection may	readily have succeeded in giving a fixed
	1932.657	can actually be hybridised much more	readily than they can be self-fertilised! For
	1942.580	is thus prevented. Any one may	readily convince himself of the efficiency of
	1980.712	in which very many species can most	readily be crossed; and another genus, as
	2006.1738	other. The pear can be grafted far more	readily on the quince, which is ranked as a
	2056.296	indigenous domestic dogs do not	readily cross with European dogs, the
	2293.130	species; and they do this the more	readily if the specimens come from different
	2735.397	contents of their torn crops might thus	readily get scattered. Mr. Brent informs me
	2761.217	But we shall follow the changes more	readily, by supposing a new glacial period to
	2936.1210	with herbaceous plants alone, might	readily gain an advantage by growing taller and
	3000.243	that region whence colonists could most	readily have been derived,—the colonists having
	3159.1214	two most distinct lines of descent, may	readily become adapted to similar conditions
	3225.516	little-modified forms; therefore we may	readily believe that the unknown progenitor of
2			reading
	4932.36	d. BYRON Beauties. Poetry and Prose. A	Reading Book for Youth. Portrait. Fcap. 8vo. 3s
	5770.16	Durham. 8vo. 5s. 6d. MURRAYS RAILWAY	READING. For all classes of Readers. [The
9			ready
	641.1519	hereafter see, is a power incessantly	ready for action, and is as immeasurably
	878.1153	the stigma of that individual flower is	ready to receive them; and as this flower is
	882.94	the anthers burst before the stigma is	ready for fertilisation, or the stigma is
	882.136	for fertilisation, or the stigma is	ready before the pollen of that flower is
	882.178	before the pollen of that flower is	ready, so that these plants have in fact
	3448.69	variability and a powerful agent always	ready to act and select, why should we doubt
	3468.79	number, with natural selection always	ready to adapt the slowly varying descendants
	5564.154	DR. WAAGEN. Woodcuts. Post 8vo. Nearly	Ready. LABARTES (M. JULES) Handbook of the
	5928.96	Bampton Lectures for 1859, 8vo. Nearly	ready. REJECTED ADDRESSES (THE). By JAMES
1			realise
	435.66	of cattle and sheep. In order fully to	realise what they have done, it is almost
1			realities
	5606.26	vo. 6s. ———Head Quarters; or, The	Realities of the War in the Crimea. By a STAFF
17			really
	319.285	potato, even the dahlia, &c.; and it is	really surprising to note the endless points
	878.946	in Lobelia fulgens, there is a	really beautiful and elaborate contrivance by
	1092.30	males. Whether natural selection has	really thus acted in nature, in modifying and
	1568.83	importance to characters which are	really of very little importance, and which
	1813.716	between these spheres. It was	really curious to note in cases of difficulty
	1914.1772	to doubt whether many other species are	really so sterile, when intercrossed, as
	2143.728	on climate; and, therefore, that the	really governing conditions of life do not
	2277.94	glacial period, instead of having been	really far greater, that is extending from
	2305.444	conchologists as only varieties, are	really varieties or are, as it is called
	2331.417	to the same genera or families, have	really started into life all at once, the fact
	2351.449	are as yet imperfectly known, are	really teleostean. Assuming, however, that the
	2723.206	wet and exposed to the air like	really floating plants. He tried 98 seeds
	2833.358	the Alpine or mountain floras	really become less and less arctic." Many of
	2990.4	widely and remaining the same. The	really surprising fact in this case of the
	3237.199	through inheritance, if they had	really been metamorphosed during a long course
	3271.313	though appearing so different, are	really varieties most closely allied, and have
	3544.146	than at an ordinary birth. But do they	really believe that at innumerable periods in
14			reappear
	186.121	of change — Species once lost do not	reappear — Groups of species follow the same
	804.107	any particular period of life, tend to	reappear in the offspring at the same period
	1305.61	surprising fact that characters should	reappear after having been lost for many
	1345.899	these bars and other marks invariably	reappear; but without any other change of form
	1345.1091	for the blue tint and bars and marks to	reappear in the mongrels. I have stated that the
	1568.332	on the organisation; that characters	reappear from the law of reversion; that
	1586.899	or from other unknown cause, may	reappear from the law of reversion, though now
	2408.1600	then allow the pre-existing fauna to	reappear; but Lyell's explanation, namely, that
	2420.68	a species when once lost should never	reappear, even if the very same conditions of
	2426.222	or lesser degree. A group does not	reappear after it has once disappeared; or its
	2614.504	once wholly disappeared, it does not	reappear; for the link of generation has been
	3191.191	lived on this earth were suddenly to	reappear, though it would be quite impossible to
	3269.163	appears in the parent, it tends to	reappear at a corresponding age in the offspring
	3492.633	single species nor groups of species	reappear when the chain of ordinary generation
5			reappearance
	325.476	almost compels us to attribute its	reappearance to inheritance. Every one must have
	1303.598	conditions of life to cause the	reappearance of the slaty-blue, with the several
	1345.1184	probable hypothesis to account for the	reappearance of very ancient characters, is-that
	2831.467	Sir J. Richardson, also, speaks of the	reappearance on the shores of New Zealand, Tasmania
	3337.248	of an ear in earless breeds,—the	reappearance of minute dangling horns in hornless
1			reappeared
	2285.1440	of deposition, but have disappeared and	reappeared, perhaps many times, during the same
1			reappear—groups
	2398.117	of change—Species once lost do not	reappear—Groups of species follow the same general
4			reappears
	325.388	several million individuals—and it	reappears in the child, the mere doctrine of
	1305.990	which has been lost in a breed,	reappears after a great number of generations
	2408.1379	that the same identical form never	reappears. The strongest apparent exception to
	2610.607	a species has once disappeared it never	reappears. Groups of species increase in numbers
5			reared
	511.1488	in peacocks, from not being very easily	reared and a large stock not kept; in geese
	1707.24	CHAP. VII. young pheasants, though	reared under a hen. It is not that chickens
	1717.1554	lead me to believe, that the young thus	reared would be apt to follow by inheritance
	1757.324	and the ants thus unintentionally	reared would then follow their proper
	2994.1578	are laid there than can possibly be	reared; and we may infer that the mocking
1			rearing
	1717.1748	birds' nests, and thus be successful in	rearing their young. By a continued process of
73			reason
	331.362	and that when there is no apparent	reason why a peculiarity should appear at any
	461.663	breed has been less improved. There is	reason to believe that King Charles's spaniel
	542.323	most important for us. We have every	reason to believe that many of these doubtful
	596.770	act of creation, there is no apparent	reason why more varieties should occur in a
	602.347	more especially as we have every	reason to believe the process of manufacturing
	616.312	ought to be reversed. But there is also	reason to believe, that those species which
	719.496	thus to fertilise them. I have, also,	reason to believe that humble-bees are
	747.428	an advantage to our plant; but we have	reason to believe that only a few plants or
	778.8	for the work of improvement. We have	reason to believe, as stated in the first
	796.129	to destruction. Hence I can see no	reason to doubt that natural selection might
	822.867	standard of beauty, I can see no good	reason to doubt that female birds, by
	830.592	I can under such circumstances see no	reason to doubt that the swiftest and slimmest
	830.903	on other animals. I can see no more	reason to doubt this, than that man can
	842.588	and the act of crossing, we have good	reason to believe (as will hereafter be more
	852.539	such facts in mind, I can see no	reason to doubt that an accidental deviation
	864.1115	of plants are hermaphrodites. What	reason, it may be asked, is there for
	920.78	already attempted to show that we have	reason to believe that occasional intercrosses
	956.1140	shows us plainly; and indeed we can see	reason why they should not have thus increased
	1078.9	of descent had diverged less. I see no	reason to limit the process of modification
	1177.225	which here enjoy good health. We have	reason to believe that species in a state of
	1189.290	habit. On the other hand, I can see no	reason to doubt that natural selection will
	1205.239	without our being able to assign any	reason. What can be more singular than the
	1267.103	may be made constant, I can see no	reason to doubt. Hence when an organ, however
	1331.609	when first foaled. I have, also,	reason to suspect, from information given me
	1353.123	a hundred can we pretend to assign any	reason why this or that part differs, more or
	1450.716	food more quickly, or, as there is	reason to believe, by lessening the danger
	1494.374	in the highest possible degree. Yet	reason tells me, that if numerous gradations
	1508.377	any of the transitional grades. His	reason ought to conquer his imagination
	1580.827	in high regions would, we have some	reason to believe, increase the size of the
	1580.1194	under different climates; and there is	reason to believe that constitution and colour
	1604.315	most perfect organ, the eye. If our	reason leads us to admire with enthusiasm a
	1604.417	contrivances in nature, this same	reason tells us, though we may easily err on
	1655.134	Huber expresses it, of judgment or	reason, often comes into play, even in animals
	1657.402	yet they may be modified by the will or	reason. Habits easily become associated with
	1725.510	and M. Fabre has lately shown good	reason for believing that although the
	1914.1368	and cowslip, which we have such good	reason to believe to be varieties, and only
	1950.115	fertile hybrid animals, I have some	reason to believe that the hybrids from
	1956.869	fertile hybrids. So again there is	reason to believe that our European and the
	2006.681	two plants. We can sometimes see the	reason why one tree will not take on another
	2006.900	a multitude of cases we can assign no	reason whatever. Great diversity in the size
	2120.344	reproductive systems. There is no more	reason to think that species have been
	2155.108	to the horse and tapir, we have no	reason to suppose that links ever existed
	2171.190	with sand or pebbles; for there is	reason to believe that pure water can effect
	2299.132	and are not highly locomotive, there is	reason to suspect, as we have formerly seen
	2313.18	of the world! But we have every	reason to believe that the terrestrial
	2385.736	the immutability of species. But I have	reason to believe that one great authority
	2408.721	observed in Switzerland. There is some	reason to believe that organisms, considered
	2408.1326	from the face of the earth, we have	reason to believe that the same identical form
	2420.824	destroyed, and in nature we have every	reason to believe that the parent-form will
	2434.567	On the contrary, we have every	reason to believe, from the study of the
	2438.392	or any single genus endures. There is	reason to believe that the complete extinction
	2506.37	other parts of the world. As we have	reason to believe that large areas are
	2556.153	of the species was perfect, we have no	reason to believe that forms successively
	2671.623	in many other cases, in which we have	reason to believe that the species of a genus
	2787.288	of an opposite nature. We have good	reason to believe that during the newer
	2849.194	opposite hemisphere. Although we have	reason to believe from geological evidence
	2857.368	lines and means of migration, or the	reason why certain species and not others have
	2910.764	the scale of nature, and that we have	reason to believe that such low beings change
	2922.153	can be named. In St. Helena there is	reason to believe that the naturalised plants
	2990.372	the British Channel, and there is no	reason to suppose that they have at any former
	3016.126	new conditions. There is, also, some	reason to believe from geological evidence
	3081.834	which the same organ, as we have every	reason to suppose, has nearly the same
	3245.370	of a frog under water. We have no more	reason to believe in such a relation, than we
	3255.310	on growth. But there is no obvious	reason why, for instance, the wing of a bat
	3343.758	early period of life (as we have good	reason to believe to be possible) the
	3378.375	to, though analogous with, human	reason, but by the accumulation of innumerable
	3398.70	have been effected. Yet, as we have	reason to believe that some species have
	3404.441	in the intermediate zone. For we have	reason to believe that only a few species are
	3426.754	of life remain the same, we have	reason to believe that a modification, which
	3434.20	species. There is no obvious	reason why the principles which have acted so
	3564.209	up of the labour, the experience, the	reason, and even the blunders of numerous
	4053.10	Huber on cells of bees, 230. —, P., on	reason blended with instinct, 208. —, on
	4348.0	blind in cave, 137. Rattle-snake, 201.	Reason and instinct, 208. Recapitulation
3			reasonably
	1821.172	under its conditions of life, it may	reasonably be asked, how a long and graduated
	2281.261	mineralogical composition, we may	reasonably suspect that the process of deposition
	2783.481	North America and Europe; and it may be	reasonably asked how I account for the necessary
4			reasoning
	1584.396	here entering on copious details my	reasoning would appear frivolous. The foregoing
	1906.841	endowment, beyond the province of our	reasoning powers. The fertility of varieties
	3139.209	this habit; nevertheless, without any	reasoning or thinking on the subject, these
	3331.151	struck with astonishment: for the same	reasoning power which tells us plainly that most
12			reasons
	291.611	prior to the act of conception. Several	reasons make me believe in this; but the chief
	359.645	parent. With respect to horses, from	reasons which I cannot give here, I am
	389.349	trifling respects. As several of the	reasons which have led me to this belief are in
	407.19	in the extreme. From these several	reasons, namely, the improbability of man
	411.493	perfectly fertile;—from these several	reasons, taken together, I can feel no doubt
	1434.299	these intermediate varieties will, from	reasons already assigned (namely from what we
	1612.1108	for an intermediate zone; but from	reasons assigned, the intermediate variety will
	2143.327	a very obvious difficulty. I assigned	reasons why such links do not commonly occur at
	2265.430	for its deposition, I can see several	reasons why each should not include a graduated
	2291.329	gradations. And this from the	reasons just assigned we can seldom hope to
	2502.84	subject worth making. I have given my	reasons for believing that all our greater
	2789.16	to the Glacial epoch. Believing, from	reasons before alluded to, that our continents
1			rebellion
	5658.34	s. "Forty-Five; " a Narrative of the	Rebellion in Scotland. Post 8vo. 3s. ——— History
1			rebuild
	1813.855	the bees would entirely pull down and	rebuild in different ways the same cell
4			recall
	681.702	I will make only a few remarks, just to	recall to the reader's mind some of the chief
	2165.320	It is hardly possible for me even to	recall to the reader, who may not be a
	2337.11	as if suddenly created. I may here	recall a remark formerly made, namely that it
	2339.176	have suddenly been produced. I may	recall the well-known fact that in geological
4			recapitulated
	3376.127	leading facts and inferences briefly	recapitulated. That many and grave objections may be
	3420.133	my theory; and I have now briefly	recapitulated the answers and explanations which can
	3448.874	be in itself probable. I have already	recapitulated, as fairly as I could, the opposed
	3526.11	will not understand. I have now	recapitulated the chief facts and considerations
29			recapitulation
	213.0	Summary 411-458 CHAPTER XIV.	RECAPITULATION AND CONCLUSION. Recapitulation of
	215.4	RECAPITULATION AND CONCLUSION.	Recapitulation of the difficulties on the theory of
	215.76	on the theory of Natural Selection —	Recapitulation of the general and special
	270.6	give a [page] 6 INTRODUCTION. brief	recapitulation of the whole work, and a few concluding
	3367.22	or arguments. [page] 459 CHAP. XIV.	RECAPITULATION. CHAPTER XIV. RECAPITULATION AND
	3372.0	XIV. RECAPITULATION. CHAPTER XIV.	RECAPITULATION AND CONCLUSION. Recapitulation of
	3374.4	RECAPITULATION AND CONCLUSION.	Recapitulation of the difficulties on the theory of
	3380.11	I think, be disputed. [page] 460	RECAPITULATION. CHAP. XIV. It is, no doubt, extremely
	3384.209	crossed, I must refer the reader to the	recapitulation of the facts given at the end of the
	3388.22	most of the [page] 461 CHAP. XIV.	RECAPITULATION. varieties which have been
	3396.11	We are often wholly unable [page] 462	RECAPITULATION. CHAP. XIV. even to conjecture how
	3402.22	connecting [page] 463 CHAP. XIV.	RECAPITULATION. links between them, but only between
	3408.11	certainly on my theory such [page] 464	RECAPITULATION. CHAP. XIV. strata must somewhere have
	3414.22	modified and im- [page] 465 CHAP. XIV.	RECAPITULATION. proved; and when they do spread, if
	3422.11	during many years to [page] 466	RECAPITULATION. CHAP. XIV. doubt their weight. But it
	3430.22	he only [page] 467 CHAP. XIV.	RECAPITULATION. unintentionally exposes organic
	3436.11	extinct. As the indi- [page] 468	RECAPITULATION. CHAP. XIV. viduals of the same
	3444.22	all naturalists [page] 469 CHAP. XIV.	RECAPITULATION. have admitted the existence of
	3452.11	it is that in each region [page] 470	RECAPITULATION. CHAP. XIV. where many species of a
	3458.22	new and dominant [page] 471 CHAP. XIV.	RECAPITULATION. forms; so that each large group tends
	3466.11	But on the view of each [page] 472	RECAPITULATION. CHAP. XIV. species constantly trying
	3474.22	resist this con- [page] 473 CHAP. XIV.	RECAPITULATION. clusion when we look, for instance
	3480.11	distinct from each other; [page] 474	RECAPITULATION. CHAP. XIV. and therefore these same
	3486.22	of life, [page] 475 CHAP. XIV.	RECAPITULATION. yet should follow nearly the same
	3494.11	in character between the [page] 476	RECAPITULATION. CHAP. XIV. fossils in the formations
	3500.22	and the means of [page] 477 CHAP. XIV.	RECAPITULATION. modification have been the same. We
	3506.11	any continent. Such facts [page] 478	RECAPITULATION. CHAP. XIV. as the presence of
	3514.22	of hardly any [page] 479 CHAP. XIV.	RECAPITULATION. importance in classification; why
	4349.0	snake, 201. Reason and instinct, 208.	Recapitulation, general, 459. Reciprocity of crosses
1			receding
	2833.278	H. C. Watson has recently remarked, "In	receding from polar towards equatorial latitudes
1			receipt-book
	5128.7	and an Index. Fcap. 8vo. 5s. FAMILY	RECEIPT-BOOK. A Collection of a Thousand Valuable
1			receipts
	5128.68	of a Thousand Valuable and Useful	Receipts. Fcap. 8vo. 5s. 6d. [page
10			receive
	499.804	valuable, and will then probably first	receive a provincial name. In semi-civilised
	878.1162	of that individual flower is ready to	receive them; and as this flower is never
	1755.1209	So that the masters in this country	receive much less service from their slaves
	2373.155	To show that it may hereafter	receive some explanation, I will give the
	2693.411	miles from a continent, would probably	receive from it in the course of time a few
	2753.148	remote from the mainland, would not	receive colonists by similar means. I do not
	2972.1650	America. I believe this grand fact can	receive no sort of explanation on the ordinary
	2972.1824	Galapagos Islands would be likely to	receive colonists, whether by occasional means
	2984.702	other that they would almost certainly	receive immigrants from the same original
	3510.983	It must be admitted that these facts	receive no explanation on the theory of
4			received
	244.123	the generous assistance which I have	received from very many naturalists, some of
	2693.13	CENTRES OF CREATION. has probably	received at some former period immigrants from
	2749.1782	would be very difficult to prove this),	received within the last few centuries, through
	3502.1186	and as the two areas will have	received colonists from some third source or
2			receiving
	878.863	which effectually prevent the stigma	receiving pollen from its own flower: for
	878.1573	to prevent the stigma of a flower	receiving its own pollen, yet, as [page] 99 CHAP
1			recension
	5032.44	REV. W.) Remains of a very Ancient	Recension of the Four Gospels in Syriac, hitherto
51			recent
	305.860	Under this point of view, Mr. Buckman's	recent experiments on plants seem extremely
	393.586	feral in several places. Again, all	recent experience shows that it is most
	737.330	of distinct genera. We see this in the	recent extension over parts of the United
	737.456	the decrease of another species. The	recent increase of the missel-thrush in parts
	1189.813	and as most of these varieties are of	recent origin, they cannot owe their
	1267.531	the modification has been comparatively	recent and extraordinarily great that we ought
	1275.546	which have varied within a moderately	recent period, and which have thus come to
	1406.550	must often have existed within	recent times in a far less continuous and
	1432.66	must often have existed within the	recent period in isolated portions, in which
	2094.279	in most cases that there has been	recent variability; and therefore we might
	2241.317	several hundred feet within the	recent period, than the absence of any recent
	2241.356	recent period, than the absence of any	recent deposits sufficiently extensive to last
	2241.791	America, no extensive formations with	recent or tertiary remains can anywhere be
	2402.364	forms more gradual. In some of the most	recent beds, though undoubtedly of high
	2446.279	We see in many cases in the more	recent tertiary formations, that rarity
	2526.90	and the eocene Mammals, with the more	recent members of the same classes, we must
	2528.1116	illustrated by this diagram, the more	recent any form is, the more it will generally
	2534.32	F14. All the many forms, extinct and	recent, descended from A, make, as before
	2552.499	are not the oldest, or the most	recent; nor are those which are intermediate
	2566.85	There has been much discussion whether	recent forms are more highly developed than
	2570.5	CHAP. X. STATE OF DEVELOPMENT. more	recent forms must, on my theory, be higher
	2570.642	manner the organisation of the more	recent and victorious forms of life, in
	2576.81	to a certain extent the embryos of	recent animals of the same classes; or that
	2576.231	to the embryological development of	recent forms. I must follow Pictet and Huxley
	2576.499	from each other within comparatively	recent times. For this doctrine of Agassiz
	2618.68	that all the forms of life, ancient and	recent, make together one grand system; for
	2624.412	to a certain extent the embryos of more	recent animals of the same class, the fact
	2671.709	have been produced within comparatively	recent times, there is great difficulty on
	2683.499	which have certainly occurred within	recent geological times, must have interrupted
	2707.1011	as to have united them within the	recent period to each other and to the several
	2707.1755	it will ever be proved that within the	recent period continents which are now quite
	2711.536	geographical revolutions within the	recent period, as are necessitated on the view
	2759.268	and inorganic, that within a very	recent geological period, central Europe and
	2795.727	left isolated, within a much more	recent period, on the several mountain-ranges
	2886.571	mainly to slight changes within the	recent period in the level of the land, having
	2886.859	of level in the land within a very	recent geological period, and when the surface
	2916.503	lead to the belief that within the	recent period all existing islands have been
	2958.185	have been continuously united within a	recent period to the mainland than islands
	3000.589	widely throughout the world during the	recent Glacial epoch, are related to those of
	3024.94	have certainly occurred within the	recent period, and of other similar changes
	3167.484	for the fact that all organisms,	recent and extinct, are included under a few
	3297.39	As all the organic beings, extinct and	recent, which [page] 449 CHAP. XIII
	3305.253	of life to the embryonic stages of	recent forms, may be true, but yet, owing to
	3496.197	beings belong to the same system with	recent beings, falling either into the same or
	3496.713	between existing and allied groups.	Recent forms are generally looked at as being
	3496.1174	for within a confined country, the	recent and the extinct will naturally be
	3512.187	extinct groups often falling in between	recent groups, is intelligible on the theory
	4386.21	products, 29. ——, principle not of	recent origin, 33 —, unconscious
	5192.107	incorporating the Researches of	Recent Commentators. By Dr. WM. SMITH. Sixth
	5520.55	Described from the Accounts of	Recent Dutch Travellers, New Edition. Post 8vo
	6006.107	Incorporating the Researches of	Recent Commentators. Sixth Thousand. Woodcuts
15			recently
	536.27	CHAP. II. by slow degrees: yet quite	recently Mr. Lubbock has shown a degree of
	536.250	naturalist, I may add, has also quite	recently shown that the muscles in the larvæ of
	890.866	On the other hand, Dr. Hooker has	recently informed me that he finds that the rule
	934.673	oscillations of level, will often have	recently existed in a broken condition, so that
	1060.511	p14, will be nearly related from having	recently branched off from a10; b14 and f
	1211.1307	case of correlation, that I have	recently observed in some garden pelargoniums
	1293.983	much in common,—to parts which have	recently and largely varied being more likely
	1357.1634	being still variable, because they have	recently varied and thus come to differ; but we
	2440.760	rate, I asked myself what could so	recently have exterminated the former horse
	2570.949	in which European productions have	recently spread over New Zealand, and have
	2707.177	all the islands in the Atlantic must	recently have been connected with Europe or
	2707.511	a single island exists which has not	recently been united to some continent. This
	2833.255	zones. As Mr. H. C. Watson has	recently remarked, "In receding from polar
	2869.198	I believe that the world has	recently felt one of his great cycles of change
	3147.978	of life to which each species has been	recently exposed. Rudimentary structures on this
2			recesses
	1167.743	outer world into the deeper and deeper	recesses of the Kentucky caves, as did European
	1167.1182	numberless generations, the deepest	recesses, disuse will on this view have more or
19			reciprocal
	1986.5	page] 258 HYBRIDISM. CHAP. VIII. By a	reciprocal cross between two species, I mean the
	1986.308	difference in the facility of making	reciprocal crosses. Such cases are highly
	1986.762	This difference in the result of	reciprocal crosses between the same two species
	1986.1355	this difference of facility in making	reciprocal crosses is extremely common in a lesser
	1986.1607	fact, that hybrids raised from	reciprocal crosses, though of course compounded of
	1998.80	latter statement is clearly proved by	reciprocal crosses between the same two species
	1998.373	The hybrids, moreover, produced from	reciprocal crosses often differ in fertility. Now
	2000.689	great a difference in the result of a	reciprocal cross between the same two species? Why
	2006.9	VIII. COMPARED WITH GRAFTING. that, in	reciprocal crosses between two species the male
	2012.249	in being grafted together. As in	reciprocal crosses, the facility of effecting an
	2040.206	fertility of hybrids produced from	reciprocal crosses; or the increased sterility in
	2078.369	by the severest trial, namely, by	reciprocal crosses, and he found their mongrel
	2102.594	variety. Hybrid plants produced from a	reciprocal cross, generally resemble each other
	2102.685	and so it is with mongrels from a	reciprocal cross. Both hybrids and mongrels can be
	2118.691	and sometimes widely different, in	reciprocal crosses between the same two species
	3799.9	centres of, 352. Crinum, 250. Crosses,	reciprocal, 258. Crossing of domestic animals
	3962.4	on sterility of hybrids, 247, 255. —on	reciprocal crosses, 258. —on crossed maize and
	4108.4	on sterility of hybrids, 247. —on	reciprocal crosses, 258. ——on crossed varieties of
	4176.11	organs of rays, 193. Matthiola,	reciprocal crosses of, 258. Means of dispersal
3			reciprocally
	1986.214	species may then be said to have been	reciprocally crossed. There is often the widest
	1986.1090	eight following years, to fertilise	reciprocally M. longiflora with the pollen of M
	3384.651	when the same two species are crossed	reciprocally; that is, when one species is first
1			reciprocity
	4349.30	Recapitulation, general, 459.	Reciprocity of crosses, 258. Record, geological
1			reckon
	417.170	are come to this pass, that they can	reckon up their pedigree and race." Pigeons
1			reckoned
	659.588	be a million plants. The elephant is	reckoned to be the slowest breeder of all known
2			recognisable
	1982.82	or what amount, of difference in any	recognisable character is sufficient to prevent two
	1986.494	of their systematic affinity, or of any	recognisable difference in their whole organisation
5			recognise
	479.180	in a vast number of cases we cannot	recognise, and therefore do not know, the wild
	2155.521	all such cases, we should be unable to	recognise the parent-form of any two or more
	2165.556	which the future historian will	recognise as having produced a revolution in
	2291.1126	transitional gradations, we should not	recognise their relationship, and should
	3412.528	have existed. We should not be able to	recognise a species as the parent of any one or
11			recognised
	435.1333	in regard to merino sheep is so fully	recognised, that men follow it as a trade: the
	461.344	changes of this kind could never be	recognised unless actual measurements or careful
	477.154	together by crossing, may plainly be	recognised in the increased size and beauty which
	499.728	will spread more widely, and will get	recognised as something distinct and valuable, and
	2345.563	which even a fragment of a valve can be	recognised; from all these circumstances, I
	2468.260	our European Chalk formation can be	recognised in many distant parts of the world
	2550.972	was first discovered, were at once	recognised by palæontologists as intermediate in
	3109.449	these to others, and so onwards, can be	recognised as unequivocally belonging to this, and
	3301.1201	that cirripedes can at once be	recognised by their larvæ as belonging to the
	3574.308	great fossiliferous formation will be	recognised as having depended on an unusual
	3578.905	by us, will hereafter be	recognised as a mere fragment of time, compared
1			recognising
	1317.41	considerable part of the difficulty in	recognising a variable species in our systematic
1			recollections
	5528.48	and Occupations of Country Life. With	Recollections of Natural History. Third Edition
1			recommended
	1189.709	which certain varieties are habitually	recommended for the northern, and others for the
1			reconcile
	1843.434	may well be asked how is it possible to	reconcile this case with the theory of natural
2			recondite
	1763.376	that bees have practically solved a	recondite problem, and have made their cells of
	2080.348	not wishing or being able to produce	recondite and functional differences in the
1			reconverted
	3251.1326	no antennæ, and their two eyes are now	reconverted into a minute, single, and very simple
1			re-converted
	946.262	renewed elevation, the islands shall be	re-converted into a continental area, there will
70			record
	178.38	ON THE IMPERFECTION OF THE GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. On the absence of intermediate
	266.908	the imperfection of the Geological	Record. In the next chapter I shall consider
	289.14	VARIATION CHAP. I. No case is on	record of a variable being ceasing to be
	369.1196	nor can I find a single case on	record of a permanent race having been thus
	413.1091	of the world; the earliest known	record of pigeons is in the fifth Ægyptian
	499.1441	chance will be infinitely small of any	record having been preserved of such slow
	707.18	not here enlarge. Many cases are on	record showing how complex and unexpected are
	1018.1392	such as would be thought worthy of	record in a systematic work. The intervals
	1394.264	on the Imperfection of the geological	record; and I will here only state that I
	1394.344	I believe the answer mainly lies in the	record being incomparably less perfect than is
	1394.435	supposed; the imperfection of the	record being chiefly due to organic beings not
	1440.561	an extremely imperfect and intermittent	record. On the origin and transitions of
	2134.48	CHAP. IX. IMPERFECTION OF GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. CHAPTER IX. ON THE IMPERFECTION OF
	2139.38	ON THE IMPERFECTION OF THE GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. On the absence of intermediate
	2147.688	extreme imperfection of the geological	record. In the first place it should always
	2151.32	have [page] 281 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. determined from a mere comparison of
	2169.32	the [page] 283 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. process of degradation. The tides in
	2203.32	been [page] 285 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. worn by the waves and pared all round
	2215.32	page] 287 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. of one inch per century for the whole
	2227.596	bespeaks its purity. The many cases on	record of a formation conformably covered
	2231.32	fossil [page] 289 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. remains is fragmentary in an extreme
	2235.39	But the imperfection in the geological	record mainly results from another and more
	2241.563	beds are so scantily developed, that no	record of several successive and peculiar
	2245.32	page] 291 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. in profound depths of the sea, in
	2247.218	upraised will give a most imperfect	record of the forms of life which then existed
	2257.20	the coast-action. Thus the geological	record will almost necessarily be rendered
	2259.376	generally be a blank in the geological	record. On the other hand, during subsidence
	2261.75	cannot be doubted that the geological	record, viewed as a whole, is extremely
	2263.32	under- [page] 293 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. stand, why we do not therein find
	2265.157	and at its close. Some cases are on	record of the same species presenting distinct
	2275.32	life [page] 295 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. of the embedded fossils had been less
	2289.32	have [page] 297 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. no golden rule by which to
	2303.32	asking [page] 299 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. ourselves whether, for instance
	2315.705	be much variation, but the geological	record would then be least perfect. It may be
	2319.32	are [page] 301 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. indispensable for the preservation of
	2321.508	to migrate, and no closely consecutive	record of their modifications could be
	2329.106	I should ever have suspected how poor a	record of the mutations of life, the best
	2331.834	rate the perfection of the geological	record, and falsely infer, because certain
	2333.32	have [page] 303 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. probably elapsed between our
	2347.32	page] 305 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. stratum. Hence we now positively know
	2361.32	them. [page] 307 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. If, moreover, they had been the
	2377.32	and [page] 309 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. tear; and would have been at least
	2379.334	remotest period of which we have any	record; and on the other hand, that where
	2385.1012	Those who think the natural geological	record in any degree perfect, and who do not
	2385.1261	I look at the natural geological	record, as a history of the world imperfectly
	2387.32	has [page] 311 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL	RECORD. been preserved; and of each page
	2542.292	only the last volume of the geological	record, and that in a very broken condition
	2556.65	in this and other such cases, that the	record of the first appearance and
	2598.92	attempted to show that the geological	record is extremely imperfect; that only a
	2602.664	of elevation, and during the latter the	record will have been least perfectly kept
	2602.1226	must have tended to make the geological	record extremely imperfect, and will to a
	2604.59	views on the nature of the geological	record, will rightly reject my whole theory
	2626.23	by inheritance. If then the geological	record be as imperfect as I believe it to be
	2626.110	it may at least be asserted that the	record cannot be proved to be much more
	2869.1117	of almost every land, which serve as a	record, full of interest to us, of the former
	3305.313	true, but yet, owing to the geological	record not extending far enough back in time
	3315.519	male mammals, for many instances are on	record of these organs having become well
	3412.94	on the supposition that the geological	record is far more imperfect than most
	3412.848	to the imperfection of the geological	record. Numerous existing doubtful forms could
	3416.656	elevation and of stationary level the	record will be blank. During these latter
	3418.175	the ninth chapter. That the geological	record is imperfect all will admit; but that
	3424.437	we know how imperfect the Geological	Record is. Grave as these several difficulties
	3446.97	sufficiently distinct to be worthy of	record in systematic works. No one can draw
	3492.32	laws. If we admit that the geological	record is imperfect in an extreme degree, then
	3492.97	extreme degree, then such facts as the	record gives, support the theory of descent
	3530.715	without proof, that the geological	record is so perfect that it would have
	3574.78	from the extreme imperfection of the	record. The crust of the earth with its
	3975.24	of, 487. ——, imperfection of the	record, 279. Giraffe, tail of, 195. Glacial
	4143.41	on the imperfection of the geological	record, 310. ——, on the appearance of species
	4349.59	Reciprocity of crosses, 258.	Record, geological, imperfect, 279. Rengger on
8			recorded
	560.435	of it will almost universally be found	recorded. These varieties, moreover, will be
	584.710	sufficiently well-marked to have been	recorded in botanical works. Hence it is the
	604.72	the species of large genera and their	recorded varieties which deserve notice. We have
	616.891	acknowledged varieties are	recorded, and these range over 7.7 provinces
	661.101	calculations, namely, the numerous	recorded cases of the astonishingly rapid
	962.292	which afford the greatest number of	recorded varieties, or incipient species. Hence
	1032.781	have become sufficiently distinct to be	recorded as varieties. But these breaks are
	3566.430	added to the infinitude of already	recorded species. Our classifications will come
1			recording
	570.197	varieties as are barely thought worth	recording in works on natural history. And I look
3			records
	357.61	is, that we find in the most ancient	records, more especially on the monuments of
	443.279	is not so in some cases, in which exact	records have been kept; thus, to give a very
	2367.35	To the question why we do not find	records of these vast primordial periods, I can
1			recover
	1657.878	he is generally forced to go back to	recover the habitual train of thought: so P
2			recovered
	2966.1189	water for twenty days, and it perfectly	recovered. As this species has a thick calcareous
	2966.1362	for fourteen days in sea-water, and it	recovered and crawled away: but more experiments
1			re-covered
	2285.609	upraised, denuded, submerged, and then	re-covered by the upper beds of the same formation
6			recur
	343.1103	of doubt could not so perpetually	recur. It has often been stated that domestic
	1239.129	to be highly variable. We shall have to	recur to the general subject of rudimentary
	2420.150	of life, organic and inorganic, should	recur. For though the offspring of one
	2741.391	seeds? But I shall presently have to	recur to this subject. As icebergs are known
	3075.903	of these resemblances we shall have to	recur. It may even be given as a general rule
	3418.103	the lowest Silurian strata, I can only	recur to the hypothesis given in the ninth
1			recurrent
	675.373	or old, during each generation or at	recurrent intervals. Lighten any check, mitigate
5			recurring
	264.236	as, consequently, there is a frequently	recurring struggle for existence, it follows that
	645.1346	it is not so at all seasons of each	recurring year. I should premise that I use the
	717.414	this. Battle within battle must ever be	recurring with varying success; and yet in the
	1813.906	different ways the same cell, sometimes	recurring to a shape which they had at first
	2494.598	A certain amount of isolation,	recurring at long intervals of time, would
1			red-grouse
	792.306	alpine ptarmigan white in winter, the	red-grouse the colour of heather, and the black
6			reduce
	1080.683	slowly conquer another large group,	reduce its numbers, and thus lessen its chance
	1155.422	of natural selection to enlarge or to	reduce the wings, would depend on whether a
	2219.134	have been great, but it would somewhat	reduce the above estimate. On the other hand
	3337.1305	selection would continue slowly to	reduce the organ, until it was rendered
	3343.447	and consequently will seldom affect or	reduce it in the embryo. Thus we can
	3520.65	natural selection, will often tend to	reduce an organ, when it has become useless by
18			reduced
	451.60	the principle of selection has been	reduced to methodical practice for scarcely
	1155.229	suspects, their wings not at all	reduced, but even enlarged. This is quite
	1161.789	and the wings of others have been	reduced by natural selection aided by use and
	1225.1251	and another and adjoining part being	reduced by this same process or by disuse, and
	1231.910	the whole anterior part of the head is	reduced to the merest rudiment attached to the
	1560.1271	incessantly harassed and their strength	reduced, so that they are more subject to
	2102.736	cross. Both hybrids and mongrels can be	reduced to either pure parent-form, by repeated
	2171.415	to be worn away, atom by atom, until	reduced in size they can be rolled about by the
	2683.634	range of many species. So that we are	reduced to consider whether the exceptions to
	2855.942	their numbers have been greatly	reduced, and this is the first stage towards
	3010.556	common range would have been greatly	reduced. Still less is it meant, that a species
	3313.146	in how many insects do we see wings so	reduced in size as to be utterly incapable of
	3343.377	ages will reproduce the organ in its	reduced state at the same age, and consequently
	3359.795	bearing in mind, that when organs are	reduced in size, either from disuse or
	3524.345	life; hence the organ will not be much	reduced or rendered rudimentary at this early
	3524.607	the teeth in the mature animal were	reduced, during successive generations, by
	3856.26	bees, 202. Duck, domestic, wings of,	reduced, 11. —, logger-headed, 182. [page
	3892.5	correction for aberration, 202. Eyes	reduced in moles, 137. F. Fabre, M., on
1			reduces
	3343.179	period of life disuse or selection	reduces an organ, and this will generally be
2			reducing
	689.552	in so far as climate chiefly acts in	reducing food, it brings on the most severe
	1233.77	will always succeed in the long run in	reducing and saving every part of the
8			reduction
	1159.179	of the eyes is probably due to gradual	reduction from disuse, but aided perhaps by
	1159.757	to animals with subterranean habits, a	reduction in their size with the adhesion of the
	1233.414	as a necessary compensation the	reduction of some adjoining part. [page
	3337.819	successive generations to the gradual	reduction of various organs, until they have
	3343.638	But if each step of the process of	reduction were to be inherited, not at the
	4569.7	White Mountains, flora of, 365. Wings,	reduction of size, 134. ZEBRA. Wings of
	4698.7	to 1854. Royal 4to. 50s. each. 6. ———	REDUCTION OF THE OBSERVATIONS OF PLANETS, 1750 to
	4774.11	to. 21s. 42. WALES'	REDUCTION OF ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE IN
2			reefs
	2379.568	map appended to my volume on Coral	Reefs, led me to conclude that the great
	3793.2	Coral-islands, seeds drifted to, 360. ——	reefs, indicating movements of earth
1			reeve
	6076.120	of that Event. Translated by HENRY	REEVE, ESQ. 8vo. 14S. TREMENHEERE'S (H. S
1			reevesii
	1950.178	the hybrids from Cervulus vaginalis and	Reevesii, and from Phasianus colchicus with P
7			refer
	250.689	our admiration. Naturalists continually	refer to external conditions, such as climate
	333.55	to the subject of reversion, I may here	refer to a statement often made by
	538.100	seems to me extremely perplexing: I	refer to those genera which have sometimes
	1072.320	come to our chapter on Geology, have to	refer again to this subject, and I think we
	1932.36	This case of the Crinum leads me to	refer to a most singular fact, namely, that
	3251.446	with certain parasitic crustaceans. To	refer once again to cirripedes: the larvæ in
	3384.185	of varieties when crossed, I must	refer the reader to the recapitulation of the
1			reference
	1171.703	is the case with the blind Proteus with	reference to the reptiles of Europe, I am only
3			references
	242.86	be imperfect. I cannot here give	references and authorities for my several
	242.591	in detail all the facts, with	references, on which my conclusions have been
	451.429	modern discovery. I could give several	references to the full acknowledgment of the
2			referred
	1357.1558	same period. In these remarks we have	referred to special parts or organs being still
	3185.610	as may be seen in the diagram so often	referred to), mounting up through many
2			referring
	2486.33	de Verneuil and d'Archiac. After	referring to the parallelism of the palæozoic
	3119.633	meant, if he will take the trouble of	referring to the diagram in the fourth chapter
1			refinements
	5888.65	Athenian Architecture, and the Optical	Refinements exhibited in the Construction of the
9			reflect
	285.295	variety in a state of nature. When we	reflect on the vast diversity of the plants and
	755.184	to suffer great destruction. When we	reflect on this struggle, we may console
	1070.21	and genera. It is worth while to	reflect for a moment on the character of the
	1376.165	so grave that to this day I can never	reflect on them without being staggered; but
	2056.687	fact; more especially when we	reflect how many species there are, which
	2273.652	deposit. It is an excellent lesson to	reflect on the ascertained amount of migration
	2273.827	geological period; and likewise to	reflect on the great changes of level, on the
	2741.175	everywhere is charged with seeds.	Reflect for a moment on the millions of quails
	3588.218	crawling through the damp earth, and to	reflect that these elaborately constructed
5			reflecting
	234.521	question by patiently accumulating and	reflecting on all sorts of facts which could
	250.81	is quite conceivable that a naturalist,	reflecting on the mutual affinities of organic
	1580.32	VI. ately made conscious of this by	reflecting on the differences in the breeds of our
	1773.0	portion forms a part of two cells.	Reflecting on this case, it occurred to me that if
	3331.74	with respect to rudimentary organs. In	reflecting on them, every one must be struck with
1			reflection
	2241.673	be preserved to a distant age. A little	reflection will explain why along the rising coast
2			reflections
	4780.4	Bridgewater Treatise. 8vo. 9s. 6d. ———	Reflections on the Decline of Science in England
	4794.54	Autobiographical Memoir, including	Reflections, Observations, and Reminiscences at
1			reflects
	681.332	Nor will this surprise any one who	reflects how ignorant we are on this head, even
1			reflexion
	2385.812	Sir Charles Lyell, from further	reflexion entertains grave doubts on this subject
2			reformation
	5110.83	With an Introductory View of the Early	Reformation. Second Edition. 8vo. 15s
	5382.99	With an Introductory View of the Early	Reformation, Second Edition. 8vo. 15s. HOLLAND'S
2			refraction
	4666.18	OBSERVATIONS. 1836.—I. Bessel's	Refraction Tables. II. Tables for converting
	4686.15	Royal Observatory. 2s. 1853.—Bessel's	Refraction Tables. 3s. 1854.—I. Description of
2			refuse
	423.867	they ignore all general arguments, and	refuse to sum up in their minds slight
	3540.581	been produced by variation, but they	refuse to extend the same view to other and
1			regained
	1161.593	and Professor Silliman thought that it	regained, after living some days in the light
48			regard
	40.10	But with	regard to the material world, we can at least
	272.70	at much remaining as yet unexplained in	regard to the origin of species and varieties
	272.173	allowance for our profound ignorance in	regard to the mutual relations of all the
	337.1102	nothing from domestic varieties in	regard to species. But there is not a shadow
	359.257	descended from several wild species. In	regard to sheep and goats I can form no
	363.33	Indian fowl (Gallus bankiva). In	regard to ducks and rabbits, the breeds of
	399.14	I. DOMESTIC PIGEONS. Some facts in	regard to the colouring of pigeons well
	419.360	in coming to a similar conclusion in	regard to the many species of finches, or
	435.1298	of the principle of selection in	regard to merino sheep is so fully recognised
	449.3	allow his worst animals to breed. In	regard to plants, there is another means of
	485.3	in countries anciently civilised. In	regard to the domestic animals kept by
	515.1191	been greatly exaggerated, both in	regard to animals and to those plants which
	582.99	results might be obtained in	regard to the nature and relations of the
	608.68	or varieties. Now Fries has remarked in	regard to plants, and Westwood in regard to
	608.102	in regard to plants, and Westwood in	regard to insects, that in large genera the
	645.299	are exposed to severe competition. In	regard to plants, no one has treated this
	681.383	ignorant we are on this head, even in	regard to mankind, so incomparably better
	681.611	considerable length, more especially in	regard to the feral animals of South America
	766.87	too briefly in the last chapter, act in	regard to variation? Can the principle of
	1171.614	anomalous, as Agassiz has remarked in	regard to the blind fish, the Amblyopsis, and
	1177.1063	brought from the Azores to England. In	regard to animals, several authentic cases
	1217.141	may have come into play. But in	regard to the differences both in the internal
	1560.48	place, we are much too ignorant in	regard to the whole economy of any one organic
	1755.68	did not need confirmation by me, in	regard to the wonderful instinct of making
	1885.62	strengthened by some few other facts in	regard to instincts; as by that common case of
	1918.570	diametrically opposite conclusions in	regard to the very same species. It is also
	1920.3	and structural differences. In	regard to the sterility of hybrids in
	1944.3	pollen brought from other flowers. In	regard to animals, much fewer experiments have
	1964.523	how scanty our knowledge is in	regard to hybrid animals, I have been
	2028.3	or unnatural conditions of life. In	regard to the sterility of hybrids, in which
	2233.223	strata of North America. In	regard to mammiferous remains, a single glance
	2474.408	La Plata, without any information in	regard to their geological position, no one
	2518.50	between the pig and the camel. In	regard to the Invertebrata, Barrande, and a
	2576.408	see it hereafter confirmed, at least in	regard to subordinate groups, which have
	2825.420	and striking facts are given in	regard to the plants of that large island
	2851.59	fact, strongly insisted on by Hooker in	regard to America, and by Alph. de Candolle in
	2851.106	to America, and by Alph. de Candolle in	regard to Australia, that many more identical
	2857.84	are removed on the view here given in	regard to the range and affinities of the
	2882.411	can here consider only a few cases. In	regard to [page] 384 GEOGRAPHICAL
	2916.684	not, I think, explain all the facts in	regard to insular productions. In the
	2954.439	striking observations on this head in	regard to the great Malay Archipelago, which
	2966.302	has given several interesting cases in	regard to the land-shells of the islands of
	2968.47	striking and important fact for us in	regard to the inhabitants of islands, is their
	3016.670	discussed by Alph. de Candolle in	regard to plants, namely, that the lower any
	3151.480	parent. We may err in this respect in	regard to single points of structure, but when
	3255.677	the adult: thus Owen has remarked in	regard to cuttle-fish, "there is no
	3283.68	seem to me to explain these facts in	regard to the later embryonic stages of our
	3560.443	beyond his comprehension; when we	regard every production of nature as one which
2			regarded
	552.116	has a few animals, now generally	regarded as varieties, but which have been
	3075.1250	and food of an animal, I have always	regarded as affording very clear indications of
1			regarding
	2149.1076	had no historical or indirect evidence	regarding their origin, it would not have been
2			regards
	2863.246	I will only say that as far as	regards the occurrence of identical species at
	3075.573	Nothing can be more false. No one	regards the external similarity of a mouse to a
1			regeneration
	5754.35	s. ———Primitive Doctrine of Baptismal	Regeneration. 8vo. 7s. 6d. MUCK MANUAL (The) for
1			regiomontii
	4706.31	vo. 10. ——— FUNDAMENTA ASTRONOMIÆ:	Regiomontii, 1818. Folio. 60s. 11. BIRD'S METHOD
37			region
	483.169	the Cape of Good Hope, nor any other	region inhabited by quite uncivilised man, has
	693.192	from south to north, or from a damp	region to a dry, we invariably see some
	948.1129	very few of the inhabitants of the same	region at the same time. I further believe
	960.39	have any means of knowing that any one	region has as yet got its maximum of species
	960.97	got its maximum of species. Probably no	region is as yet fully stocked, for at the
	998.64	in the inhabitants of the same	region is, in fact, the same as that of the
	1173.637	from an arctic or even from a temperate	region cannot endure a tropical climate, or
	1400.948	to the conditions of life of its own	region, and has supplanted and exterminated
	1404.66	numerous transitional varieties in each	region, though they must have existed there
	1404.184	condition. But in the intermediate	region, having intermediate conditions of life
	1424.785	one adapted to an extensive mountainous	region; a second to a comparatively narrow
	1430.428	on each other. So that, in any one	region and at any one time, we ought only to
	2241.63	why the geological formations of each	region are almost invariably intermittent
	2416.84	can see why all the species in the same	region do at last, if we look to wide enough
	2494.36	Dominant species spreading from any	region might encounter still more dominant
	2502.502	I suppose that the inhabitants of each	region underwent a considerable amount of
	2506.743	have been a little more time in the one	region than in the other for modification
	2512.28	SPECIES. periods,—a formation in one	region often corresponding with a blank
	2608.99	when the formations of any one great	region alone, as that of Europe, are
	2663.508	more dominant forms of life from one	region into another having been effected with
	2671.427	they may have migrated from the same	region; for during the vast geographical and
	2677.475	was first produced within a single	region captivates the mind. He who rejects it
	2681.806	of genera are confined to a single	region; and it has been observed by several
	2689.417	be almost invariably the case, that a	region, of which most of its inhabitants are
	2689.540	genera with the species of a second	region, [page] 355 CHAP. XI. SINGLE CENTRES
	2693.71	period immigrants from this other	region, my theory will be strengthened; for we
	2693.201	modification, why the inhabitants of a	region should be related to those of another
	2693.246	should be related to those of another	region, whence it has been stocked. A volcanic
	2693.765	view of the relation of species in one	region to those in another, does not differ
	2703.224	a powerful influence on migration: a	region when its climate was different may have
	2795.422	have become mingled in the one great	region with the native American productions
	2795.525	with them; and in the other great	region, with those of the Old World
	2978.714	the nearest mainland, than to any other	region: and this is what might have been
	3000.208	related to the inhabitants of that	region whence colonists could most readily
	3032.1269	since new inhabitants entered one	region; according to the nature of the
	3157.199	inhabiting any distinct and isolated	region, have in all probability descended from
	3450.410	can understand how it is that in each	region [page] 470 RECAPITULATION. CHAP. XIV
45			regions
	574.292	physical conditions in two different	regions; but I have not much faith in this view
	693.1432	a mountain. When we reach the Arctic	regions, or snow-capped summits, or absolute
	747.617	extreme confines of life, in the arctic	regions or on the borders of an utter desert
	1580.799	laborious breathing necessary in high	regions would, we have some reason to believe
	2307.1140	Malay Archipelago is one of the richest	regions of the [page] 300 IMPERFECTION OF THE
	2345.316	all over the world, from the Arctic	regions to the equator, inhabiting various
	2494.867	in the waters of the sea. If two great	regions had been for a long period favourably
	2506.457	formations have been deposited in two	regions during nearly, but not exactly the same
	2508.973	If the several formations in these	regions have not been deposited during the same
	2512.106	interval in the other,—and if in both	regions the species have gone on slowly
	2512.305	case, the several formations in the two	regions could be arranged in the same order, in
	2512.574	corresponding stages in the two	regions. On the Affinities of extinct Species
	2637.200	of the inhabitants of various	regions can be accounted for by their climatal
	2645.220	between the productions of various	regions. We see this in the great difference of
	2663.246	of the inhabitants of different	regions may be attributed to modification
	2675.101	now inhabiting distant and isolated	regions, must have proceeded from one spot
	2687.693	points in the arctic and antarctic	regions; and secondly (in the following chapter
	2743.260	to another of the arctic and antarctic	regions, as suggested by Lyell; and during the
	2743.357	from one part of the now temperate	regions to another. In the Azores, from the
	2755.462	of the same plants living on the snowy	regions of the Alps or Pyrenees, and in the
	2761.582	The inhabitants of the more temperate	regions would at the same time travel southward
	2765.82	into Spain. The now temperate	regions of the United States would likewise be
	2767.144	the productions of the more temperate	regions. And as the snow melted from the bases
	2767.664	all lesser heights) and in the arctic	regions of both hemispheres. Thus we can
	2773.204	the mountains of Siberia to the arctic	regions of that country. These views, grounded
	2773.490	Europe and America, that when in other	regions we find the same species on distant
	2783.173	were as uniform round the polar	regions as they are at the present day. But the
	2795.900	now living productions of the temperate	regions of the New and Old Worlds, we find very
	2825.293	but not in the intermediate torrid	regions. In the admirable 'Introduction to the
	2833.162	mountain-ranges of the intertropical	regions, are not arctic, but belong to the
	2833.451	living on the mountains of the warmer	regions of the earth and in the southern
	2845.214	temperate zones into the intertropical	regions, and some even crossed the equator. As
	2857.239	on the mountains of the intertropical	regions. Very many difficulties remain to be
	2863.174	in his botanical works on the antarctic	regions. These cannot be here discussed. I will
	2910.1162	become extinct in intermediate	regions. But the wide distribution of fresh
	2948.76	so frequently now happens in the arctic	regions. Yet it cannot be said that small
	3004.474	found to be true, that wherever in two	regions, let them be ever so distant, many
	3004.756	or migration between the two	regions. And wherever many closely-allied
	3032.1655	rapidly, there would ensue in different	regions, independently of their physical
	3398.511	of the species in the intermediate	regions. It cannot be denied that we are as yet
	3398.1112	inhabiting very distant and isolated	regions, as the process of modification has
	3412.1683	will not spread into other and distant	regions until they are considerably modified
	4796.56	and Research within the Arctic	Regions, from 1818 to the present time
	5118.79	for the use of Travellers in the Arctic	Regions. 16mo. 3s. 6d. ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES
	5950.82	Research in the Southern and Antarctic	Regions during the years 1839-43. Plates
1			regret
	244.7	cannot possibly be here done. I much	regret that want of space prevents my having
5			regular
	1032.662	the line of succession is broken at	regular intervals by small numbered letters
	1211.1212	oftenest subject to peloria, and become	regular. I may add, as an instance of this, and
	1767.1384	to the latter: it forms a nearly	regular waxen comb of cylindrical cells, in
	1825.1367	were to make her cells more and more	regular, nearer together, and aggregated into a
	1825.1709	her cells closer together, and more	regular in every way than at present; for then
9			regularly
	295.1009	act under confinement, acting not quite	regularly, and producing offspring not perfectly
	846.211	would, unintentionally on their part,	regularly carry pollen from flower to flower; and
	846.1556	attractive to insects that pollen was	regularly carried from flower to flower, another
	850.296	then as pollen is already carried	regularly from flower to flower, and as a more
	864.908	number pair; that is, two individuals	regularly unite for reproduction, which is all
	890.422	tree, we can see that pollen must be	regularly carried from flower to flower; and this
	1028.78	that the process ever goes on so	regularly as is represented in the diagram
	1871.130	could form a species which should	regularly produce neuters, either all of large
	2948.1501	and two North American species either	regularly or occasionally visit Bermuda, at the
1			regulated
	713.689	birds (whose numbers are probably	regulated by hawks or beasts of prey) were to
1			regulating
	313.20	seems probable. There are many laws	regulating variation, some few of which can be
2			regulations
	463.190	Arab stock, so that the latter, by the	regulations for the Goodwood Races, are favoured in
	4684.4	of the Transit Circle. 5s. II.	Regulations of the Royal Observatory. 2s
5			reign
	4800.47	Naval Worthies of Queen Elizabeth's	Reign, their Gallant Deeds, Daring Adventures
	5022.31	s. —— LORD HERVEYS Memoirs of the	Reign of George the Second, from his
	5106.84	to the 14th year of Queen Victorias	Reign. By MRS. MARKHAM. 98th Edition
	5376.31	each. HERYEY'S (LORD) Memoirs of the	Reign of George the Second, from his
	5688.122	the fourteenth year of Queen Victorias	Reign. 98th Edition. Woodcuts. 12mo. 6s
1			rein-deer
	351.555	power of endurance of warmth by the	rein-deer, or of cold by the common camel
8			reject
	1351.556	this view is, as it seems to me, to	reject a real for an unreal, or at least for
	2385.1165	this volume, will undoubtedly at once	reject my theory. For my part, following out
	2604.80	of the geological record, will rightly	reject my whole theory. For he may ask in vain
	2904.134	eat some kinds of seeds, though they	reject many other kinds after having swallowed
	2904.1070	a hearty meal of fish, would probably	reject from its stomach a pellet containing
	3197.1318	with a distinct group, we summarily	reject analogical or adaptive characters, and
	3538.320	certain number of facts will certainly	reject my theory. A few naturalists, endowed
	3540.883	causa in one case, they arbitrarily	reject it in another, without assigning any
10			rejected
	493.549	now, arise amongst pigeons, which are	rejected as faults or deviations from the
	511.727	rate, and inferior birds may be freely	rejected, as when killed they serve for food. On
	1237.1094	selection should have preserved or	rejected each little deviation of form less
	1813.951	to a shape which they had at first	rejected. When bees have a place on which they
	2735.1426	after an interval of many hours, either	rejected the seeds in pellets or passed them in
	2904.505	retain their power of germination, when	rejected in pellets or in excrement, many hours
	3526.315	living naturalists and geologists	rejected this view of the mutability of species
	5830.0	s. TAYLOR'S NOTES FROM LIFE. 2s.	REJECTED ADDRESSES. 1s. PKNN'S HINTS OW ANGLING
	5930.0	Lectures for 1859, 8vo. Nearly ready.	REJECTED ADDRESSES (THE). By JAMES AND HORACE
	6016.21	Vols. 8vo. 64s. ——— (JAMES & HORACE)	Rejected Addresses. Twenty-third Edition. Fcap
3			rejecting
	790.131	every variation, even the slightest;	rejecting that which is bad, preserving and
	3448.611	each creature,—favouring the good and	rejecting the bad? I can see no limit to this
	3558.514	thus connected. Hence, without quite	rejecting the consideration of the present
2			rejection
	770.373	of favourable variations and the	rejection of injurious variations, I call Natural
	1267.845	manner and degree, and by the continued	rejection of those tending to revert to a former
3			rejects
	2604.7	by the finest graduated steps. He who	rejects these views on the nature of the
	2677.510	region captivates the mind. He who	rejects it, rejects the vera causa of ordinary
	2677.522	captivates the mind. He who rejects it,	rejects the vera causa of ordinary generation
4			relate
	2110.583	additional fingers and toes; and do not	relate to characters which have been slowly
	2474.29	These observations, however,	relate to the marine inhabitants of distant
	3424.87	that the more important objections	relate to questions on which we are
	4830.77	those Portions of the above work which	relate to the BRITISH CONSTITUTION and the
82			related
	132.315	in being very closely, but unequally,	related to each other, and in having restricted
	146.454	Selection — Divergence of Character,	related to the diversity of inhabitants of any
	405.563	if applied to species closely	related together, though it is unsupported by a
	524.305	in being very closely, but unequally,	related to each other, and in having restricted
	596.253	genera; for wherever many closely	related species (i.e. species of the same genus
	610.46	the species of the large genera are	related to each other, in the same manner as
	610.128	as the varieties of any one species are	related to each other. No naturalist pretends
	610.499	but groups of forms, unequally	related to each other, and clustered round
	741.134	the structure of every organic being is	related, in the most essential yet often hidden
	764.436	Selection—Divergence of Character,	related to the diversity of inhabitants of any
	964.498	and species of the same genus or of	related genera,—which, from having nearly the
	1048.613	those forms which are most nearly	related to each other in habits, constitution
	1056.193	nature; species (A) being more nearly	related to B, C, and D, than to the other
	1056.768	so as to have become adapted to many	related places in the natural economy of their
	1056.1035	original species which were most nearly	related to their parents. Hence very few of the
	1056.1249	two species which were least closely	related to the other nine original species, has
	1060.491	marked a14, q14, p14, will be nearly	related from having recently branched off from
	1060.721	o14, e14, and m14, will be nearly	related one to the other, but from having
	1098.682	throughout all time and space should be	related to each other in group subordinate to
	1098.827	of the same species most closely	related together, species of the same genus
	1098.898	same genus less closely and unequally	related together, forming sections and sub
	1098.994	of distinct genera much less closely	related, and genera related in different
	1098.1014	much less closely related, and genera	related in different degrees, forming sub
	1171.407	Old and New Worlds should be closely	related, we might expect from the well-known
	1297.1692	but to three separate yet closely	related acts of creation. With pigeons
	1412.687	being is either directly or indirectly	related in the most important manner to other
	1546.628	fishes would have been specially	related to each other. Nor does geology at all
	1767.1343	hive and humble bee, but more nearly	related to the latter: it forms a nearly
	1986.1463	it even between forms so closely	related (as Matthiola annua and glabra) that
	1994.580	That the fertility of hybrids is not	related to the degree in which they resemble in
	2000.960	degrees of sterility, not strictly	related to the facility of the first union
	2048.799	but unknown bond, which is essentially	related to the principle of life. Fertility of
	2102.255	in hybrids produced from nearly	related species, follows according to Gärtner
	2325.391	some more closely, some more distantly	related to each other; and these links, let
	2408.1173	if we compare any but the most closely	related formations, all the species will be
	2480.851	of the United States are more closely	related to those which lived in Europe during
	2558.255	formations are far more closely	related to each other, than are the fossils
	2564.159	as distinct species, being closely	related, is obvious. As the accumulation of
	2584.491	buried there in such numbers, are	related to South American types. This
	2590.911	India was formerly more closely	related in its mammals to Africa than it is at
	2618.715	a form is, the more nearly it will be	related to, and consequently resemble, the
	2643.513	will be found incomparably more closely	related to each other, than they are to the
	2645.126	or obstacles to free migration, are	related in a close and important manner to the
	2657.484	specifically distinct, yet clearly	related, replace each other. He hears from
	2681.947	in which the species are most closely	related to each other, are generally local, or
	2689.470	most of its inhabitants are closely	related to, or belong to the same genera with
	2693.218	the inhabitants of a region should be	related to those of another region, whence it
	2693.529	though modified, would still be plainly	related by inheritance to the inhabitants of
	2769.240	each mountain-range are more especially	related to the arctic forms living due north or
	2793.593	later tertiary stages were more closely	related to each other than they are at the
	2829.78	oftener specifically distinct, though	related to each other in a most remarkable
	2833.668	identical, and many, though closely	related to northern forms, must be ranked as
	2849.790	these wanderers, though still plainly	related by inheritance to their brethren of the
	2972.1552	of the Cape de Verde Islands are	related to those of Africa, like those of the
	2978.119	the endemic productions of islands are	related to those of the nearest continent, or
	2978.336	nearer to Africa than to America, are	related, and that very closely, as we know from
	2978.652	its endemic plants is much more closely	related to Australia, the nearest mainland
	2978.788	been expected; but it is also plainly	related to South America, which, although the
	2984.357	marvellous manner, by very closely	related species; so that the inhabitants of
	2984.451	island, though mostly distinct, are	related in an incomparably closer degree to
	3000.173	identically the same, yet are plainly	related to the inhabitants of that region
	3000.615	during the recent Glacial epoch, are	related to those of the surrounding lowlands
	3018.242	lacustrine, and marsh productions being	related (with the exceptions before specified
	3038.928	the several islets, should be closely	related to each other, and likewise be related
	3038.967	related to each other, and likewise be	related, but less closely, to those of the
	3044.1672	and the more nearly any two forms are	related in blood, the nearer they will
	3075.1191	being those which are most remotely	related to the habits and food of an animal, I
	3119.1131	a single species, are represented as	related in blood or descent to the same [page
	3123.709	differences between organic beings all	related to each other in the same degree in
	3179.217	Rodents, the bizcacha is most nearly	related to Marsupials; but in the points in
	3179.1109	and therefore it will not be specially	related to any one existing Marsupial, but
	3185.497	several species will consequently be	related to each other by circuitous lines of
	3245.166	arteries near the branchial slits are	related to similar conditions,—in the young
	3245.516	of a bat, and fin of a porpoise, are	related to similar conditions of life. No one
	3245.693	are of any use to these animals, or are	related to the conditions to which they are
	3257.475	of the embryo not being closely	related to its conditions of existence, except
	3301.945	are therefore in that degree closely	related. Thus, community in embryonic structure
	3418.622	invariably being much more closely	related to each other, than are the fossils
	3502.321	within each great class are plainly	related; for they will generally be descendants
	3510.521	that the inhabitants of each area are	related to the inhabitants of the nearest
	3510.751	and of the other American islands being	related in the most striking manner to the
	4132.9	with variability, 149. Lowness,	related to wide distribution, 406. Lubbock, Mr
1			relates
	2480.144	not be supposed that this expression	relates to the same thousandth or hundred
4			relating
	2385.1398	we possess the last volume alone,	relating only to two or three countries. Of this
	2400.51	see whether the several facts and rules	relating to the geological succession of organic
	4790.55	STORY OF CORFE CASTLE, with documents	relating to the Time of the Civil Wars, &c
	6120.55	Letters, Despatches, and other Papers	relating to India. Edited by his SON. 4 Vols
58			relation
	140.475	between species of the same genus — The	relation of organism to organism the most
	200.145	and of terrestrial Mammals — On the	relation of the inhabitants of islands to those
	590.1115	inhabited by them, and has little or no	relation to the size of the genera to which the
	594.102	scale; and here again there is no close	relation to the size of the genera. The cause of
	633.455	between species of the same genus—The	relation of organism to organism the most
	641.1196	Natural Selection, in order to mark its	relation to man's power of selection. We have
	707.286	In Staffordshire, on the estate of a	relation where I had ample means of
	741.624	fringed legs of the water-beetle, the	relation seems at first confined to the elements
	741.756	seeds no doubt stands in the closest	relation to the land being already thickly
	741.1201	seems at first sight to have no sort of	relation to other plants. But from the strong
	790.322	improvement of each organic being in	relation to its organic and inorganic conditions
	810.9	CHAP. IV.SEXUAL SELECTION. young in	relation to the parent, and of the parent in
	810.54	to the parent, and of the parent in	relation to the young. In social animals it will
	812.290	relations to the other sex, or in	relation to wholly different habits of life in
	842.1129	their stamens and pistils placed, in	relation to the size and habits of the
	922.348	the area in the same manner in	relation to the same conditions. Intercrosses
	1205.282	What can be more singular than the	relation between blue eyes and deafness in cats
	1205.578	colour of their plumage; or, again, the	relation between the hair and teeth in the naked
	1287.417	cases are of a very unusual nature, the	relation can hardly be accidental. The same
	1287.967	the two sexes of the same species. This	relation has a clear meaning on my view of the
	1586.1349	many structures now have no direct	relation to the habits of life of each species
	1767.113	the form of the cell stands in close	relation to the presence of adjoining cells; and
	1845.523	horns of different breeds of cattle in	relation to an artificially imperfect state of
	2038.396	or periodical action, or mutual	relation of the different parts and organs one
	2486.1007	beings, and find how slight is the	relation between the physical conditions of
	2532.12	SUCCESSION. CHAP. X. modified in	relation to its slightly altered conditions of
	2584.1327	Other cases could be added, as the	relation between the extinct and living land
	2590.1010	time. Analogous facts could be given in	relation to the distribution of marine animals
	2663.730	in their mutual struggles for life;—the	relation of organism to organism being, as I
	2693.738	independent creation. This view of the	relation of species in one region to those in
	2711.201	of almost every continent,—the close	relation of the tertiary inhabitants of several
	2711.319	inhabitants,—a certain degree of	relation (as we shall hereafter see) between the
	2878.139	and of terrestrial Mammals—On the	relation of the inhabitants of islands to those
	2952.53	natural selection in their new homes in	relation to their new position, and we can
	2954.46	the absence of terrestrial mammals in	relation to the remoteness of islands from
	2954.117	from continents, there is also a	relation, to a certain extent independent of
	2954.1202	world; but as far as I have gone, the	relation generally holds good. We see Britain
	2958.289	we can understand the frequent	relation between the depth of the sea and the
	2958.450	neighbouring continent,—an inexplicable	relation on the view of independent acts of
	2960.881	with the paramount importance of the	relation of organism to organism. I do not deny
	3006.5	in the process of modification. This	relation between the power and extent of
	3016.71	may have become slightly modified in	relation to their new conditions. There is, also
	3018.396	are so different—the very close	relation of the distinct species which inhabit
	3018.507	and especially the striking	relation of the inhabitants of each whole
	3038.196	be endemic or peculiar; and why, in	relation to the means of migration, one group of
	3038.655	We can see why there should be some	relation between the presence of mammals, in a
	3081.44	may be for the welfare of the being in	relation to the outer world. Perhaps from this
	3119.131	each class, in due subordination and	relation to the other groups, must be strictly
	3147.912	least likely to have been modified in	relation to the conditions of life to which each
	3241.134	each other, often have no direct	relation to their condi- [page] 440 EMBRYOLOGY
	3245.398	no more reason to believe in such a	relation, than we have to believe that the same
	3359.618	which have become specially modified in	relation to their habits of life, through the
	3470.92	the inhabitants of each country only in	relation to the degree of perfection of their
	3502.1082	separated from each other; for as the	relation of organism to organism is the most
	3572.551	inhabitants of that continent in	relation to their apparent means of immigration
	3574.1109	physical conditions, namely, the mutual	relation of organism to organism,—the
	3784.7	influenced by climate, 132. ——, in	relation to attacks by flies, 198. Columba livia
	3924.26	Flowers, structure of, in	relation to crossing, 97. —of composite and
46			relations
	140.281	the number of individuals — Complex	relations of all animals and plants throughout
	140.534	to organism the most important of all	relations. .. Page 60-79 CHAPTER IV. NATURAL
	234.162	of South America, and in the geological	relations of the present to the past inhabitants
	250.159	organic beings, on their embryological	relations, their geographical distribution
	250.1434	structure of this parasite, with its	relations to several distinct organic beings, by
	272.194	ignorance in regard to the mutual	relations of all the beings which live around us
	272.385	a narrow range and is rare? Yet these	relations are of the highest importance, for they
	272.592	Still less do we know of the mutual	relations of the innumerable inhabitants of the
	582.124	be obtained in regard to the nature and	relations of the species which vary most, by
	604.16	and this holds good. There are other	relations between the species of large genera and
	633.265	from the number of individuals—Complex	relations of all animals and plants throughout
	633.514	to organism the most important of all	relations. BEFORE entering on the subject of
	641.725	any species, in its infinitely complex	relations to other organic beings and to external
	707.79	and unexpected are the checks and	relations between organic beings, which have to
	717.339	ended with them. Not that in nature the	relations can ever be as simple as this. Battle
	719.146	are bound together by a web of complex	relations. I shall hereafter have occasion to
	751.215	us of our ignorance on the mutual	relations of all organic beings; a conviction as
	766.642	and close-fitting are the mutual	relations of all organic beings to each other and
	772.707	this also would seriously disturb the	relations of some of the former inhabitants. Let
	812.256	to modify one sex in its functional	relations to the other sex, or in relation to
	948.554	becoming slowly modified; the mutual	relations of many of the other inhabitants being
	1032.384	this will depend on infinitely complex	relations. But as a general rule, the more
	1090.318	the infinite complexity of the	relations of all organic beings to each other and
	2046.722	several generations between the nearest	relations, especially if these be kept under the
	2412.1474	lower productions, by the more complex	relations of the higher beings to their organic
	2412.1757	and on that of the many all-important	relations of organism to organism, that any form
	2540.574	or between their collateral	relations. In nature the case will be far more
	2663.830	remarked, the most important of all	relations. Thus the high importance of barriers
	2669.686	only by bringing organisms into new	relations with each other, and in a lesser degree
	2777.237	together; consequently their mutual	relations will not have been much disturbed, and
	2781.515	climatal influences. Their mutual	relations will thus have been in some degree
	2924.1084	and in a body, so that their mutual	relations have not been much disturbed. Thus in
	2936.219	have beautifully hooked seeds; yet few	relations are more striking than the adaptation
	3018.4	more widely it is apt to range. The	relations just discussed,—namely, low and slowly
	3032.989	Bearing in mind that the mutual	relations of organism to organism are of the
	3044.1280	to the rule. On my theory these several	relations throughout time and space are
	3179.297	in which it approaches this order, its	relations are general, and not to any one
	3448.191	beings, under their excessively complex	relations of life, would be preserved
	3448.729	adapting each form to the most complex	relations of life. The theory of natural
	3454.780	resemble varieties. These are strange	relations on the view of each species having been
	3502.1144	organism is the most important of all	relations, and as the two areas will have
	3816.6	on blind cave-animals, 139. —, on	relations of crustaceans of Japan, 372. —, on
	4041.6	on Australian plants, 375, 399. —, on	relations of flora of South America, 379. —, on
	4185.19	Missel-thrush, 76. Misseltoe, complex	relations of, 3. Mississippi, rate of deposition
	4252.6	on fossil horse of La Plata, 319. —, on	relations of ruminants and pachyderms, 329. —, on
	4391.7	favourable to, 101. Sexes,	relations of, 87. Sexual characters variable
10			relationship
	1171.452	we might expect from the well-known	relationship of most of their other productions. Far
	2291.1142	we should not recognise their	relationship, and should consequently be compelled
	2584.216	continent. In South America, a similar	relationship is manifest, even to an uneducated eye
	2584.529	related to South American types. This	relationship is even more clearly seen in the
	2584.811	of types,"-on "this wonderful	relationship in the same continent between the dead
	2793.199	On this view we can understand the	relationship, with very little identity, between the
	2793.295	of North America and Europe,—a	relationship which is most remarkable, considering
	2803.15	of equatorial ocean. These cases of	relationship, without identity, of the inhabitants
	3351.153	all time; that the nature of the	relationship, by which all living and extinct beings
	3560.132	terms used by naturalists of affinity,	relationship, community of type, paternity
20			relative
	381.354	number of the ribs, together with their	relative breadth and the presence of processes
	381.509	so is the degree of divergence and	relative size of the two arms of the furcula
	381.910	primary wing and caudal feathers; the	relative length of wing and tail to each other
	381.978	tail to each other and to the body; the	relative length of leg and of the feet; the
	946.473	of the less improved forms, and the	relative proportional numbers of the various
	1251.363	particularly difficult to compare their	relative degrees of variability. When we see
	1580.1545	far too ignorant to speculate on the	relative importance of the several known and
	1813.546	all instinctively standing at the same	relative distance from each other, all trying to
	1815.459	be enabled to stand at their proper	relative distances from each other and from the
	1819.512	time, always standing at the proper	relative distance from the parts of the cells
	1819.823	to five other points, at the proper	relative distances from the central point and
	2711.653	by his many followers. The nature and	relative proportions of the inhabitants of
	2789.101	have long remained in nearly the same	relative position, though subjected to large
	3203.766	include the same bones, in the same	relative positions? Geoffroy St. Hilaire has
	3203.855	strongly on the high importance of	relative connexion in homologous organs: the
	3211.790	to alter the framework of bones or the	relative connexion of the several parts. If we
	3217.317	that is correspond in number and in	relative connexion with—the elemental parts of a
	3217.651	almost every one, that in a flower the	relative position of the sepals, petals, stamens
	3343.507	Thus we can understand the greater	relative size of rudimentary organs in the
	3343.575	organs in the embryo, and their lesser	relative size in the adult. But if each step of
3			relatively
	487.393	so great in external characters and	relatively so slight in internal parts or organs
	701.84	of individuals of the same species,	relatively to the numbers of its enemies, is
	3329.58	part or organ is of greater size	relatively to the adjoining parts in the embryo
1			relic
	1147.228	own collection, and not one had even a	relic left. In the Onites apelles the tarsi
1			relied
	353.213	or several species. The argument mainly	relied on by those who believe in the multiple
1			relief
	3554.446	after experience, will be no slight	relief. The endless disputes whether or not
3			religion
	4844.62	of Spain; their Manners, Customs,	Religion, and Language. 2 Vols. Post 8vo. 18s
	5886.109	and Duties of Natural and Revealed	Religion. Post 8vo. 8s. 6d. ——— (F. C
	5928.37	Historical Evidences of Revealed	Religion. Being the Bampton Lectures for
2			religious
	5392.20	Edition. 8vo. 16s. — Discourses on the	Religious Controversies of the Day. 8vo. 9s
	5682.35	s. MANSELS (REV. H. L.) The Limits of	Religious Thought Examined. Being the Bampton
24			remain
	272.746	much remains obscure, and will long	remain obscure, I can entertain no doubt
	359.33	The whole subject must, I think,	remain vague; neverthelsss, I may, without
	914.276	varieties of the same animal can long	remain distinct, from haunting different
	920.686	as long as their conditions of life	remain the same, only through the principle of
	1237.1021	work, we can perhaps see why it should	remain variable, that is, why natural
	1273.734	though its physiological importance may	remain the same. Something of the same kind
	1657.549	body. When once acquired, they often	remain constant throughout life. Several other
	1825.100	combs. Moreover, many bees have to	remain idle for many days during the process
	2247.501	nearly balance each other, the sea will	remain shallow and favourable for life, and
	2355.16	OF THE CHAP. IX. here they would	remain confined, until some of the species
	2373.25	metamorphism. The case at present must	remain inexplicable; and may be truly urged as
	2536.1220	five genera, and o14 to m14) would yet	remain distinct. These two families, however
	2745.105	other means, which without doubt	remain to be discovered, have been in action
	2749.897	mingled in any great degree; but would	remain as distinct as we now see them to be
	2857.271	regions. Very many difficulties	remain to be solved. I do not pretend to
	2863.35	I have said that many difficulties	remain to be solved: some of the most
	2892.547	have observed—and no doubt many others	remain to be observed—throw some light on this
	2904.739	I thought that its distribution must	remain quite inexplicable; but Audubon states
	3203.976	in form and size, and yet they always	remain connected together in the same order
	3289.1396	mature age. Whereas the young will	remain unmodified, or be modified in a lesser
	3305.363	extending far enough back in time, may	remain for a long period, or for ever
	3317.123	even the more important purpose; and	remain perfectly efficient for the other. Thus
	3426.729	As long as the conditions of life	remain the same, we have reason to believe
	3578.212	however, keeping in a body might	remain for a long period unchanged, whilst
13			remained
	1263.935	parts of the organisation, which have	remained for a much longer period nearly
	1279.936	which have for a very long period	remained constant. In connexion with the
	2038.92	hybrids, the external conditions have	remained the same, but the organisation has been
	2157.257	a case would imply that one form had	remained for a very long period unaltered
	2255.101	hand, as long as the bed of the sea	remained stationary, thick deposits could not
	2379.809	right to assume that things have thus	remained from eternity? Our continents seem to
	2379.1730	action than strata which have always	remained nearer to the surface. The immense
	2412.1270	the marine shells and birds have	remained unaltered. We can perhaps understand
	2562.67	conditions of the ancient areas having	remained nearly the same. Let it be remembered
	2755.949	distinct points; and we might have	remained [page] 366 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
	2789.73	to, that our continents have long	remained in nearly the same relative position
	2861.99	to new groups of forms, and others have	remained unaltered. We cannot hope to explain
	3404.132	area, which has during a long period	remained continuous, and of which the climate
3			remaining
	272.38	No one ought to feel surprise at much	remaining as yet unexplained in regard to the
	2171.356	huge fragments fall down, and these	remaining fixed, have to be worn away, atom by
	2988.1037	some species spreading widely and	remaining the same. The really surprising fact
45			remains
	272.715	epochs in its history. Although much	remains obscure, and will long remain obscure
	717.529	balanced, that the face of nature	remains uniform for long periods of time
	1072.253	of the earth's crust including extinct	remains. We shall, when we come to our chapter
	1161.190	of the crabs the foot-stalk for the eye	remains, though the eye is gone; the stand for
	1398.41	depths of the sea, and to their	remains being embedded and preserved to a
	1440.439	could be found only amongst fossil	remains, which are preserved, as we shall in a
	2165.62	Independently of our not finding fossil	remains of such infinitely numerous connecting
	2227.458	quick to embed and preserve fossil	remains. Throughout an enormously large
	2227.900	for ages in an unaltered condition. The	remains which do become embedded, if in sand or
	2233.0	page] 289 CHAP. IX. GEOLOGICAL RECORD.	remains is fragmentary in an extreme degree
	2233.245	North America. In regard to mammiferous	remains, a single glance at the historical
	2241.810	formations with recent or tertiary	remains can anywhere be found, though the
	2255.13	OF THE CHAP. IX. preserve the	remains before they had time to decay. On the
	2273.1088	sedimentary deposits, including fossil	remains, have gone on accumulating within the
	2273.1640	shall have been upraised, organic	remains will probably first appear and
	2279.1148	deposits are usually barren of organic	remains, except near their upper or lower
	2313.558	protect organic bodies from decay, no	remains could be preserved. In our archipelago
	2367.230	convinced that we see in the organic	remains of the lowest Silurian stratum the dawn
	2373.250	From the nature of the organic	remains, which do not appear to have inhabited
	2440.371	the tooth of a horse embedded with the	remains of Mastodon, Megatherium, Toxodon, and
	2472.157	at these distant points, the organic	remains in certain beds present an
	2480.1429	and Australia, from containing fossil	remains in some degree allied, and from not
	2502.416	enough to embed and preserve organic	remains. During these long and blank intervals
	2558.55	with the statement, that the organic	remains from an intermediate formation are in
	2558.405	the general resemblance of the organic	remains from the several stages of the chalk
	2564.65	the full meaning of the fact of fossil	remains from closely consecutive formations
	2608.272	of species. He may ask where are the	remains of those infinitely numerous organisms
	2622.234	We can clearly see why the organic	remains of closely consecutive formations are
	2622.441	generation: we can clearly see why the	remains of an intermediate formation are
	2962.348	places, of which not a wreck now	remains, must not be over- [page] 397 CHAP
	3123.837	their genealogical arrangement	remains strictly true, not only at the present
	3263.1426	of a very young animal, as long as it	remains in its mother's womb, or in the egg, or
	3321.202	crowned with a stigma; but the style	remains well developed, and is clothed with
	3406.311	Why does not every collection of fossil	remains afford plain evidence of the gradation
	3406.770	the Silurian system, stored with the	remains of the progenitors of the Silurian
	3418.551	We clearly see this in the fossil	remains from consecutive formations invariably
	3492.941	the world. The fact of the fossil	remains of each formation being in some degree
	3546.455	in groups subordinate to groups. Fossil	remains sometimes tend to fill up very wide
	3574.127	crust of the earth with its embedded	remains must not be looked at as a well-filled
	5032.18	Post 8vo. 12s. CURETON (REV. W.)	Remains of a very Ancient Recension of the Four
	5042.71	of Etruria; or, the extant Local	Remains of Etruscan Art. Plates. 2 Vols. 8vo
	5542.26	Vols. 8vo. JONES' (Rev. R,) Literary	Remains. Consisting of his Lectures and Tracts
	5576.32	s. LAYARDS (A. H.) Nineveh and its	Remains. Being a narrative of Researches and
	5766.66	of the Oldest Rocks containing Organic	Remains. Third Edition. Map and Plates. 8vo
	6110.84	Literary and Unpublished Diaries and	Remains. By the HON. EDMUND PHIPPS. Portrait
15			remark
	1028.16	thousandth generation. But I must here	remark that I do not suppose that the process
	1237.627	sign of low organisation; the foregoing	remark seems connected with the very general
	1245.194	years ago I was much struck with a	remark, nearly to the above effect, published
	1249.447	attended to Mr. Waterhouse's	remark, whilst investigating this Order, and I
	1498.198	life itself first originated; but I may	remark that several facts make me suspect that
	1552.362	is known to lead. The truth of this	remark is indeed shown by that old canon in
	2173.650	Let him remember Lyell's profound	remark, that the thickness and extent of
	2223.139	is admitted by every one. The	remark of that admirable palæontologist, the
	2259.4	arrived at a similar conclusion. One	remark is here worth a passing notice. During
	2337.20	suddenly created. I may here recall a	remark formerly made, namely that it might
	2351.880	period. It is almost superfluous to	remark that hardly any fossil-fish are known
	2502.19	tend to correspond. There is one other	remark connected with this subject worth
	2522.171	widely separated from each other. This	remark no doubt must be restricted to those
	2526.172	admit that there is some truth in the	remark. Let us see how far these several
	2831.207	occur; as an example, I may quote a	remark by the highest authority, Prof. Dana
52			remarkable
	291.669	in this; but the chief one is the	remarkable effect which confinement or cultivation
	317.108	go together, of which many	remarkable cases could be given amongst animals
	375.293	more especially the male bird, is also	remarkable from the wonderful development of the
	381.232	of the lower jaw, varies in a highly	remarkable manner. The number of the caudal and
	389.1368	considering their size, habits, and	remarkable characters, seems very improbable; or
	425.453	and tumbler pigeon. One of the most	remarkable features in our domesticated races
	707.639	the planted part of the heath was most	remarkable, more than is generally seen in passing
	892.250	itself. We can understand this	remarkable fact, which offers so strong a contrast
	1149.164	Mr. Wollaston has discovered the	remarkable fact that 200 beetles, out of the
	1203.196	shape of the pelvis in birds causes the	remarkable diversity in the shape of their kidneys
	1245.1207	of bat had its wings developed in some	remarkable manner in comparison with the other
	1245.1635	but as females more rarely offer	remarkable secondary sexual characters, it applies
	1249.625	my future work, give a list of the more	remarkable cases; I will here only briefly give
	1253.45	we see any part or organ developed in a	remarkable degree or manner in any species, the
	1287.8	parts of their structure. It is a	remarkable fact, that the secondary sexual
	1321.156	certainly do occur, and seem to me very	remarkable. I will, however, give one curious and
	1339.910	Lastly, and this is another most	remarkable case, a hybrid has been figured by Dr
	1412.12	TRANSITIONAL VARIETIES. it is quite	remarkable how abruptly, as Alph. De Candolle has
	1681.299	to us: Audubon has given several	remarkable cases of differences in nests of the
	1703.50	are lost under domestication: a	remarkable instance of this is seen in those
	1725.106	bees of other kinds. This case is more	remarkable than that of the cuckoo; for these bees
	1731.28	Slave-making instinct.—This	remarkable instinct was first discovered in the
	1924.717	am strengthened in this conviction by a	remarkable statement repeatedly made by Gärtner
	1986.1565	them only as varieties. It is also a	remarkable fact, that hybrids raised from
	1992.43	for instance, some species have a	remarkable power of crossing with other species
	1992.131	other species of the same genus have a	remarkable power of impressing their likeness on
	2056.646	of the pigeon or of the cabbage, is a	remarkable fact; more especially when we reflect
	2056.893	fertility of domestic varieties less	remarkable than [page] 269 CHAP. VIII. FERTILITY
	2070.31	The following case is far more	remarkable, and seems at first quite incredible
	2078.90	subsequent observer, has proved the	remarkable fact, that one variety of the common
	2351.622	the fact would certainly be highly	remarkable; but I cannot see that it would be an
	2586.19	Aralo-Caspian Sea. Now what does this	remarkable law of the succession of the same types
	2677.932	the fact is given as something	remarkable and exceptional. The capacity of
	2755.392	from one to the other. It is indeed a	remarkable fact to see so many of the same plants
	2755.559	parts of Europe; but it is far more	remarkable, that the plants on the White Mountains
	2761.112	of Europe, as explained with	remarkable clearness by Edward Forbes, is
	2793.322	Europe,—a relationship which is most	remarkable, considering the distance of the two
	2829.110	though related to each other in a most	remarkable manner. This brief abstract applies to
	2851.8	or as distinct species. It is a	remarkable fact, strongly insisted on by Hooker in
	2863.73	remain to be solved: some of the most	remarkable are stated with admirable clearness by
	2863.730	descent with modification, a far more	remarkable case of difficulty. For some of these
	2880.474	range, but allied species prevail in a	remarkable manner throughout the world. I well
	2936.5	as the nature of the conditions. Many	remarkable little facts could be given with
	2978.1408	of the Cape of Good Hope, is a far more	remarkable case, and is at present inexplicable
	2994.1797	Mr. Wollaston have communicated to me a	remarkable fact bearing on this subject; namely
	3075.1454	character." So with plants, how	remarkable it is that the organs of vegetation, on
	3281.25	CHAP. XIII. young. But there was one	remarkable exception to this rule, for the young
	3384.93	when first crossed, which forms so	remarkable a contrast with the almost universal
	5141.168	World. With a Description of the most	remarkable Buildings. Fourth Thousand. With
	5148.12	Afghans. Map. 8vo. 21s. FEUERBACH'S	Remarkable German Crimes and Trials. Translated
	5219.0	From the French. Post 8vo. 2s. 6d. ——	Remarkable German Crimes and Trials. From the
	5954.24	Fcap. 8vo. 5s. RUSSIA; A Memoir of the	Remarkable Events which attended the Accession of
5			remarkably
	381.1356	eggs vary. The manner of flight differs	remarkably; as does in some breeds the voice and
	1251.43	birds within the same country vary in a	remarkably small degree, I have particularly
	1657.126	This comparison gives, I think, a	remarkably accurate notion of the frame of mind
	1972.473	hybrid-offspring, yet these hybrids are	remarkably sterile. On the other hand, there are
	2765.326	everywhere travelled southward, are	remarkably uniform round the world. We may suppose
57			remarked
	305.165	young and the parents, as Müller has	remarked, have apparently been exposed to
	339.197	in each domestic race, as already	remarked, less uniformity of character than in
	485.552	perhaps, partly explains what has been	remarked by some authors, namely, that the
	505.403	success. On this principle Marshall has	remarked, with respect to the sheep of parts of
	505.1443	can be effected. I have seen it gravely	remarked, that it was most fortunate that the
	608.56	as species or varieties. Now Fries has	remarked in regard to plants, and Westwood in
	610.340	or lesser groups. As Fries has well	remarked, little groups of species are generally
	994.525	and Alph. De Candolle has well	remarked in his great and admirable work, that
	1002.719	as Mr. Waterhouse and others have	remarked, our carnivorous, ruminant, and rodent
	1098.301	Natural selection, as has just been	remarked, leads to divergence of character and
	1119.887	during several generations. I have	remarked in the first chapter—but a long
	1139.327	of life. Indirectly, as already	remarked, they seem to play an important part in
	1141.515	of disuse. As Professor Owen has	remarked, there is no greater anomaly in nature
	1147.10	became incapable of flight. Kirby has	remarked (and I have observed the same fact
	1167.350	but, as Schiodte and others have	remarked, this is not the case, and the cave
	1171.602	be very anomalous, as Agassiz has	remarked in regard to the blind fish, the
	1199.30	Homologous parts, as has been	remarked by some authors, tend to cohere; this
	1205.113	Is. Geoffroy St. Hilaire has forcibly	remarked, that certain malconformations very
	1219.726	For instance, Alph. De Candolle has	remarked that winged seeds are never found in
	1237.26	OF GROWTH. It seems to be a rule, as	remarked by Is. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, both in
	1237.422	author and some botanists have further	remarked that multiple parts are also very
	1273.280	history, that when an author has	remarked with surprise that some important organ
	1287.591	but in the Engidæ, as Westwood has	remarked, the number varies greatly; and the
	1305.840	character might be, as was formerly	remarked, for all that we can see to the
	1420.58	in lesser numbers would, as already	remarked, run a greater chance of being
	1440.286	constantly tends, as has been so often	remarked, to exterminate the parent forms and
	1450.164	from others, as Sir J. Richardson has	remarked, with the posterior part of their
	1540.373	produced; but, as Owen and others have	remarked, [page] 193 CHAP. VI. TRANSITIONS OF
	1598.179	No organ will be formed, as Paley has	remarked, for the purpose of causing pain or for
	1763.575	wax in their construction. It has been	remarked that a skilful workman, with fitting
	1771.438	pyramid; and this pyramid, as Huber has	remarked, is manifestly a gross imitation of the
	1966.20	to both kingdoms. It has been already	remarked, that the degree of fertility, both of
	2022.220	fundamentally different, for, as just	remarked, in the union of two pure species the
	2402.830	are more broken; but, as Bronn has	remarked, neither the appearance [page
	2408.926	amount of organic change, as Pictet has	remarked, does not strictly correspond with the
	2486.852	climates. We must, as Barrande has	remarked, look to some special law. We shall see
	2514.369	living forms. But, as Buckland long ago	remarked, all fossils can be classed either in
	2534.74	descended from A, make, as before	remarked, one order; and this order, from the
	2663.794	organism being, as I have already often	remarked, the most important of all relations
	2669.18	the case. I believe, as was	remarked in the last chapter, in no law of
	2743.544	islands nearer to the mainland, and (as	remarked by Mr. H. C. Watson) from the somewhat
	2769.493	plants, for example, of Scotland, as	remarked by Mr. H. C. Watson, [page
	2773.30	XI. and those of the Pyrenees, as	remarked by Ramond, are more especially allied
	2793.465	further understand the singular fact	remarked on by several observers, that the
	2833.264	zones. As Mr. H. C. Watson has recently	remarked, "In receding from polar towards
	2898.204	islands. This is strikingly shown, as	remarked by Alph. de Candolle, in large groups
	2942.43	islands, Bory St. Vincent long ago	remarked that Batrachians (frogs, toads, newts
	3006.290	another and more general way. Mr. Gould	remarked to me long ago, that in those genera of
	3081.1872	the antennæ, as Westwood has	remarked, are most constant in structure; [page
	3095.267	history. Hence, as has often been	remarked, a species may depart from its allies
	3095.1098	in the latter, as A. de Jussieu has	remarked, "the greater number of the characters
	3175.19	circumstances. Mr. Waterhouse has	remarked that, when a member [page
	3179.1365	all Marsupials, as Mr. Waterhouse has	remarked, the phascolomys resembles most nearly
	3223.195	shaped pieces of bone? As Owen has	remarked, the benefit derived from the yielding
	3233.258	more correct, as Professor Huxley has	remarked, to speak of both skull and vertebræ
	3239.41	It has already been casually	remarked that certain organs in the individual
	3255.665	widely from the adult: thus Owen has	remarked in regard to cuttle-fish, "there is no
42			remarks
	215.335	the study of Natural history—Concluding	remarks. .. .. .. .. .. 459-490 INDEX
	270.61	of the whole work, and a few concluding	remarks. No one ought to feel surprise at much
	331.630	the laws of embryology. These	remarks are of course confined to the first
	469.379	Buckley and Mr. Burgess, as Mr. Youatt	remarks, "have been purely bred from the
	578.11	to return to this subject. From these	remarks it will be seen that I look at the term
	635.78	chapter, I must make a few preliminary	remarks, to show how the struggle for existence
	681.685	America. Here I will make only a few	remarks, just to recall to the reader's mind
	741.72	may be deduced from the foregoing	remarks, namely, that the structure of every
	890.969	in Australia; and I have made these few	remarks on the sexes of trees simply to call
	928.48	to nature to test the truth of these	remarks, and look at any small isolated area
	1167.892	gradation of habit; for, as Schiodte	remarks, "animals not far remote from ordinary
	1269.32	The principle included in these	remarks may be extended. It is notorious that
	1281.66	subject, I will make only two other	remarks. I think it will be admitted, without
	1357.1542	within this same period. In these	remarks we have referred to special parts or
	1462.536	It must not be inferred from these	remarks that any of the grades of wing
	1574.0	CHAP. VI. ORGANS OF LITTLE IMPORTANCE.	remarks. If green woodpeckers alone had existed
	1586.14	would appear frivolous. The foregoing	remarks lead me to say a few words on the
	2040.380	Nor do I pretend that the foregoing	remarks go to the root of the matter: no
	2054.138	must be some error in all the foregoing	remarks, inasmuch as varieties, however much
	2104.14	with either parent. These several	remarks are apparently applicable to animals
	2221.22	period. I have made these few	remarks because it is highly important for us
	2307.533	be worth while to sum up the foregoing	remarks, under an imaginary illustration. The
	2325.48	there be some degree of truth in these	remarks, we have no right to expect to find in
	2339.51	give a few examples to illustrate these	remarks; and to show how liable we are to error
	2486.574	kingdom." M. Barrande has made forcible	remarks to precisely the same effect. It is
	2687.489	such cases. But after some preliminary	remarks, I will discuss a few of the most
	2695.13	with modification. The previous	remarks on "single and multiple centres of
	2783.231	at the present day. But the foregoing	remarks on distribution apply not only to
	2904.679	and remembered Alph. de Candolle's	remarks on this plant, I thought that its
	2916.732	insular productions. In the following	remarks I shall not confine myself to the mere
	2960.18	acts of creation. All the foregoing	remarks on the inhabitants of oceanic islands
	3374.327	the study of Natural history—Concluding	remarks. AS this whole volume is one long
	4888.11	Woodcuts. 2 Vols. 8vo. 30s. ——— ITALY:	Remarks made in several Visits from the Year
	4998.77	Wilkie. With his Journals and Critical	Remarks on Works of Art. Portrait. 3 Vols. 8vo
	5122.129	Book of the Roman Catholic Church; with	Remarks on certain Works of Dr. Milner and Dr
	5588.52	W. MARTIN) Topography of Athens, with	Remarks on its Antiquities; to which is added
	5874.46	S (JOHN) Hungary and Transylvania. With	Remarks on their Condition, Social, Political
	5900.130	of the Roman Catholic Church;" with	Remarks on certain Works of Dr. Milner and Dr
	5964.21	Post 8vo. 3s. 6d. SCOTT'S (G. GILBERT)	Remarks on Secular and Domestic Architecture
	6126.57	Life, Journals, Tours, and Critical	Remarks on Works of Art, with a Selection from
	6130.74	Journey to Mostar in Hertzegovina, and	Remarks on the Slavonic Nations. Plates and
	6134.92	of Taste among all Classes; with	Remarks on laying out Dressed or Geometrical
1			remark—that
	1119.1018	be necessary to show the truth of the	remark—that the reproductive system is eminently
1			remem
	766.1025	If such do occur, can we doubt (	remem- [page] 81 CHAP. IV. NATURAL SELECTION
20			remember
	689.321	is a tremendous destruction, when we	remember that ten per cent. is an
	796.442	would produce little effect: we should	remember how essential it is in a flock of white
	1568.218	of natural selection. We should	remember that climate, food, &c., probably have
	2128.258	perfect fertility surprising, when we	remember how liable we are to argue in a circle
	2128.366	in a state of nature; and when we	remember that the greater number of varieties
	2173.624	the mass has been accumulated. Let him	remember Lyell's profound remark, that the
	2201.200	best evidence of the lapse of time. I	remember having been much struck with the
	2213.1677	its whole indented length; and we must	remember that almost all strata contain harder
	2233.488	Nor is their rarity surprising, when we	remember how large a proportion of the bones of
	2287.23	of form. It is all-important to	remember that naturalists have [page] 297 CHAP
	2446.31	It is most difficult always to	remember that the increase of every living being
	2460.198	close of the secondary period, we must	remember what has been already said on the
	2839.117	must have been very long; and when we	remember over what vast spaces some naturalised
	2880.521	manner throughout the world. I well	remember, when first collecting in the fresh
	2910.657	terrestrial colonists. We should, also,	remember that some, perhaps many, fresh-water
	2994.785	would thus spread; but we should	remember that the forms which become naturalised
	3024.192	occurred within the same period; if we	remember how profoundly ignorant we are with
	3026.180	as before for our ignorance, and	remember that some forms of life change most
	3386.166	general fertility surprising when we	remember that it is not likely that either their
	3400.383	respect to existing forms, we should	remember that we have no right to expect
8			remembered
	532.1211	during a course of years. It should be	remembered that systematists are far from pleased
	772.762	of the former inhabitants. Let it be	remembered how powerful the influence of a single
	1048.509	their original parent. For it should be	remembered that the competition will generally be
	1845.17	of natural selection? First, let it be	remembered that we have innumerable instances
	1847.101	as I believe, disappears, when it is	remembered that selection may be applied to the
	2562.103	remained nearly the same. Let it be	remembered that the forms of life, at least those
	2904.648	fine water-lily, the Nelumbium, and	remembered Alph. de Candolle's remarks on this
	2910.13	DISTRIBUTION. CHAP. XII. it should be	remembered that when a pond or stream is first
1			remembering
	2209.450	look at the distant South Downs; for,	remembering that at no great distance to the west
1			re-migrate
	2845.432	had not reached the equator, would	re-migrate northward or southward towards their
3			re-migration
	2769.361	migration as the cold came on, and the	re-migration on the returning warmth, will generally
	2777.59	their long southern migration and	re-migration northward, will have been exposed to
	2849.351	their long southern migration and	re-migration northward, the case may have been
1			reminded
	2014.671	as when on their own roots. We are	reminded by this latter fact of the
3			reminiscences
	4794.85	Reflections, Observations, and	Reminiscences at Home and Abroad. From Early Life to
	4846.58	of Thomas Stothard, R.A. With Personal	Reminiscences. Illustrated with Portrait and
	6050.46	S (THOS., R. A.) Life. With Personal	Reminiscences. By Mrs. BRAY. With Portrait and
1			remnant
	2375.174	island is as yet known to afford even a	remnant of any palæozoic or secondary formation
2			remnants
	940.504	we find seven genera of Ganoid fishes,	remnants of a once preponderant order: and in
	2367.1170	action, we ought to find only small	remnants of the formations next succeeding them
1			remonstrance
	5162.13	Essays. Contents: I. The Grand	Remonstrance, 1641. IV. Daniel De Foe. II. The
37			remote
	327.325	or grandmother or other much more	remote ancestor; why a peculiarity is often
	719.76	showing how plants and animals, most	remote in the scale of nature, are bound
	731.108	its prey, lies generally between beings	remote in the scale of nature. This is often
	1084.1016	few will transmit descendants to a	remote futurity. I shall have to return to
	1084.1529	modified descendants, yet at the most	remote geological period, the earth may have
	1119.817	to which the parents and their more	remote ancestors have been exposed during
	1167.918	as Schiodte remarks, "animals not far	remote from ordinary forms, prepare the
	1263.357	the genus. This period will seldom be	remote in any extreme degree, as species very
	1263.794	within a period not excessively	remote, we might, as a general rule, expect
	1279.248	characters have been inherited from a	remote period, since that period when the
	1398.707	only at intervals of time immensely	remote. But it may be urged that when several
	1516.574	have been first formed at an extremely	remote period, since which all the many
	1546.141	fishes, of which several are widely	remote in their affinities. Generally when the
	1546.1142	Orchis and Asclepias,—genera almost as	remote as possible amongst flowering plants
	1606.70	bee, as having originally existed in a	remote progenitor as a boring and serrated
	1833.431	identically the same in animals so	remote in the scale of nature, that we cannot
	2480.406	the pleistocene period (an enormously	remote period as measured by years, including
	2558.308	other, than are the fossils from two	remote formations. Pictet gives as a well
	2622.333	allied to each other, than are those of	remote formations; for the forms are more
	2663.597	or less ease, at periods more or less	remote;—on the nature and number of the former
	2669.889	the same character from an enormously	remote geological period, so certain species
	2753.112	stocked island, though standing more	remote from the mainland, would not receive
	2769.74	of many plants at points so immensely	remote as on the mountains of the United
	2819.405	flora, are common to Europe, enormously	remote as these two points are; and there are
	2863.314	species at points so enormously	remote as Kerguelen Land, New Zealand, and
	2898.151	both over continents and to the most	remote oceanic islands. This is strikingly
	2898.802	and are occasionally found on the most	remote and barren islands in the open ocean
	2936.79	with respect to the inhabitants of	remote islands. For instance, in certain
	2948.1234	produced bats and no other mammals on	remote islands? On my view this question can
	2962.117	several of the inhabitants of the more	remote islands, whether still retaining the
	2978.875	nearest continent, is so enormously	remote, that the fact becomes an anomaly. But
	3006.180	conditions, and the existence at	remote points of the world of other species
	3010.1094	though now distributed to the most	remote points of the world, we ought to find
	3012.165	branched off from a common parent at a	remote epoch; so that in such cases there will
	3438.351	be very severe between beings most	remote in the scale of nature. The slightest
	3524.919	ages have been inherited from a	remote period to the present day. On the view
	3568.145	of most genera, have within a not very	remote period de- [page] 487 CHAP. XIV
3			remotely
	1084.704	now become extinct. Looking still more	remotely to the future, we may predict that
	2480.1182	beds. Nevertheless, looking to a	remotely future epoch, there can, I think, be
	3075.1182	organs being those which are most	remotely related to the habits and food of an
1			remoteness
	2954.62	terrestrial mammals in relation to the	remoteness of islands from continents, there is
1			remotest
	2379.297	extend, oceans have extended from the	remotest period of which we have any record; and
3			remove
	542.1081	nature of the intermediate links always	remove the difficulty. In very many cases
	719.427	require the visits of moths to	remove their pollen-masses and thus to
	2916.606	to some continent. This view would	remove many difficulties, but it would not, I
14			removed
	172.149	affected by close interbreeding,	removed by domestication — Laws governing the
	403.272	ever reverts to some one ancestor,	removed by a greater number of generations. In
	1038.170	all the lines proceeding from (A) were	removed, excepting that from a1 to a10. In the
	1671.475	the following facts show. I	removed all the ants from a group of about a
	1675.983	a convenience to the aphides to have it	removed; and therefore probably the aphides do
	1896.147	affected by close interbreeding,	removed by domestication—Laws governing the
	1956.1330	but as one capable of being	removed by domestication. Finally, looking to
	2028.244	that when animals and plants are	removed from their natural conditions, they are
	2209.206	in comparison with that which has	removed masses of our palæozoic strata, in
	2737.131	adheres to them: in one instance I	removed twenty-two grains of dry argillaceous
	2857.50	supposing that all difficulties are	removed on the view here given in regard to the
	2886.446	and the vitality of their ova when	removed from the water. But I am inclined to
	2966.1252	has a thick calcareous operculum, I	removed it, and when it had formed a new
	3538.842	by which this subject is overwhelmed be	removed. Several eminent naturalists have of
1			removes
	2707.652	species to the most distant points, and	removes many a difficulty: but to the best of
1			removing
	2892.758	its back; and it has happened to me, in	removing a little duck-weed from one aquarium to
1			renaissance
	5566.64	of the Arts of the Middle Ages and	Renaissance. "With 200 Woodcuts. 8vo. 18s.M
4			render
	2048.390	changes of a particular nature, often	render organic beings in some degree sterile
	2056.845	Several considerations, however,	render the fertility of domestic varieties
	2157.457	between child and parent, will	render this a very rare event; for in all
	3269.67	chapter, that there is some evidence to	render it probable, that at whatever age any
37			rendered
	357.472	ago? But Mr. Horner's researches have	rendered it in some degree probable that man
	515.708	and disuse. The final result is thus	rendered infinitely complex. In some cases, I do
	538.1074	have not been seized on and	rendered definite by natural selection, as
	846.129	and more attractive flowers, had been	rendered highly attractive to insects, they
	846.1499	case: as soon as the plant had been	rendered so highly attractive to insects that
	986.286	distinct varieties; and varieties, when	rendered very distinct from each other, take the
	1032.496	descendants from any one species can be	rendered, the more places they will be enabled
	1197.1226	the breed it might probably have been	rendered permanent by natural selection
	1231.1044	of a large and complex structure, when	rendered superfluous by the parasitic habits of
	1233.146	of the organisation, as soon as it is	rendered superfluous, without by any means
	1281.765	these characters should not have been	rendered as constant and uniform as other parts
	1432.228	wander much, may have separately been	rendered sufficiently distinct to rank as
	1476.577	no difficulty in a race of bears being	rendered, by natural selection, more and more
	1498.272	suspect that any sensitive nerve may be	rendered sensitive to light, and likewise to
	1634.184	standard of perfection will have been	rendered higher. Natural selection will not
	1761.162	natural selection be strengthened and	rendered permanent for the very different
	1839.159	sterile ants. How the workers have been	rendered sterile is a difficulty; but not much
	1859.292	or of the same kind, which have been	rendered by natural selection, as I believe to
	2014.514	another species, when thus grafted were	rendered barren. On the other hand, certain
	2032.549	whole groups of animals and plants are	rendered impotent by the same unnatural
	2040.504	placed under unnatural conditions, is	rendered sterile. All that I have attempted to
	2094.880	conditions of life, being thus often	rendered either impotent or at least incapable
	2257.54	record will almost necessarily be	rendered intermittent. I feel much confidence in
	2536.243	families on the uppermost line would be	rendered less distinct from each other. If, for
	2683.549	times, must have interrupted or	rendered discontinuous the formerly continuous
	2687.99	that we ought to give up the belief,	rendered probable by general considerations
	2793.805	by land, serving as a bridge, since	rendered impassable by cold, for the inter
	3295.1307	active young or larvæ might easily be	rendered by natural selection different to any
	3323.211	degree to which the same organ has been	rendered rudimentary occasionally differs much
	3337.1336	to reduce the organ, until it was	rendered harmless and rudimentary. Any change
	3339.132	of natural selection; so that an organ	rendered, during changed habits of life, useless
	3343.33	former functions. An organ, when	rendered useless, may well be variable, for its
	3392.280	see that organisms of all kinds are	rendered in some degree sterile from their
	3426.247	of life; so that this system, when not	rendered impotent, fails to reproduce offspring
	3456.823	varieties; and thus species are	rendered to a large extent defined and distinct
	3482.919	for in this case it will have been	rendered constant by long-continued natural
	3524.356	the organ will not be much reduced or	rendered rudimentary at this early age. The calf
1			rendering
	3412.1569	are often at first local,—both causes	rendering the discovery of intermediate links
2			renewed
	946.222	well modified and perfected. When, by	renewed elevation, the islands shall be re
	946.537	of the various inhabitants of the	renewed continent will again be changed; and
2			rengger
	713.352	in a feral state; and Azara and	Rengger have shown that this is caused by the
	4350.0	Record, geological, imperfect, 279.	Rengger on flies destroying cattle
1			rennie's
	5932.0	Paper, with Portrait. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.	RENNIE'S (JAMES) Insect Architecture. To which
3			repeat
	1321.93	not being able to give them. I can only	repeat that such cases certainly do occur, and
	1683.499	effect on the reader's mind. I can only	repeat my assurance, that I do not speak
	2450.73	or wholly, through man's agency. I may	repeat what I published in 1845, namely, that
7			repeated
	1237.129	species, that when any part or organ is	repeated many times in the structure of the same
	1851.960	I believe that this process has been	repeated, until that prodigious amount of
	1948.326	in opposition to the constantly	repeated admonition of every breeder. And in
	2102.775	reduced to either pure parent-form, by	repeated crosses in successive generations with
	3225.782	formerly seen that parts many times	repeated are eminently liable to vary in number
	3229.155	similar elements, many times	repeated, and have adapted them to the most
	3969.32	Isidore, on variability of	repeated parts, 149. ———, on correlation in
3			repeatedly
	1273.208	more variable than generic; but I have	repeatedly noticed in works on natural history
	1914.1299	as Gärtner during several years	repeatedly crossed the primrose and cowslip, which
	1924.738	conviction by a remarkable statement	repeatedly made by Gärtner, namely, that if even
2			repeating
	1657.675	and habits could be pointed out. As in	repeating a well-known song, so in instincts, one
	1657.813	person be interrupted in a song, or in	repeating anything by rote, he is generally
1			re-performed
	1657.1195	the third stage, the caterpillar simply	re-performed the fourth, fifth, and sixth stages of
5			repetition
	836.844	same habits or structure, and by the	repetition of this process, a new variety might be
	1237.528	structure. Inasmuch as this "vegetative	repetition," to use Prof. Owen's expression, seems
	3225.373	spiral whorls of leaves. An indefinite	repetition of the same part or organ is the common
	3231.413	do not find nearly so much indefinite	repetition of any one part, as we find in the
	4247.17	birds not flying, 134. —, on vegetative	repetition, 149. —, on variable length of arms in
1			replace
	2657.493	distinct, yet clearly related,	replace each other. He hears from closely
3			replaced
	1054.163	will have become extinct, having been	replaced by eight new species (a14 to m14); and
	1054.230	a14 to m14); and (I) will have been	replaced by six (n14 to z14) new species. But
	1825.1838	wholly disappear, and would all be	replaced by plane surfaces; and the Melipona
1			replaces
	1400.551	more and more frequent, till the one	replaces the other. But if we compare these
1			report
	5624.4	Second Edition. 3 Vols. 8vo. 24s. ———;	Report of the Claim of James, Earl of Crawfurd
1			reports
	4856.20	Post 8vo. 5s. 6d. BRITISH ASSOCIATION	REPORTS. 8vo. York and Oxford, 1831-32, 13s. 6d
1			reposing
	242.171	and I must trust to the reader	reposing some confidence in my accuracy. No
20			represent
	1006.97	rather perplexing subject. Let A to L	represent the species of a genus large in its own
	1018.500	lengths proceeding from (A), may	represent its varying offspring. The variations
	1020.63	horizontal lines in the diagram, may	represent each a thousand generations; but it
	1054.34	If then our diagram be assumed to	represent a considerable amount of modification
	1072.67	line has hitherto been supposed to	represent a thousand generations, but each may
	1072.114	a thousand generations, but each may	represent a million or hundred million
	1104.180	truth. The green and budding twigs may	represent existing species; and those produced
	1104.255	produced during each former year may	represent the long succession of extinct species
	1104.797	buds by ramifying branches may well	represent the classification of all extinct and
	1104.1306	lost branches of various sizes may	represent those whole orders, families, and
	2311.131	lived there, how imperfectly would they	represent the natural history of the world! But
	2389.234	interrupted succession of chapters, may	represent the apparently abruptly changed forms
	2528.256	may suppose that the numbered letters	represent genera, and the dotted lines diverging
	2528.479	for us. The horizontal lines may	represent successive geological formations, and
	2892.991	I suspended a duck's feet, which might	represent those of a bird sleeping in a natural
	3063.552	each letter on the uppermost line may	represent a genus including several species; and
	3119.719	We will suppose the letters A to L to	represent allied genera, which lived during the
	3127.395	and it is notoriously not possible to	represent in a series, on a flat surface, the
	3191.575	the diagram: the letters, A to L, may	represent eleven Silurian genera, some of which
	3315.332	impossible to doubt, that the rudiments	represent wings. Rudimentary organs sometimes
21			representative
	1400.301	intervals with closely allied or	representative species, evidently filling nearly the
	1400.407	the natural economy of the land. These	representative species often meet and interlock; and
	1408.265	Hence the neutral territory between two	representative species is generally narrow in
	1414.42	I am right in believing that allied or	representative species, when inhabiting a continuous
	1432.270	sufficiently distinct to rank as	representative species. In this case, intermediate
	1432.351	varieties between the several	representative species and their common parent, must
	1434.398	distribution of closely allied or	representative species, and likewise of acknowledged
	2564.729	they have been called by some authors,	representative species; and these we assuredly do find
	2596.828	formation there be six other allied or	representative genera with the same number of species
	2604.228	have connected the closely allied or	representative species, found in the several stages of
	2781.932	few are distinct yet closely allied or	representative species. In illustrating what, as I
	2799.262	and a host of closely allied or	representative forms which are ranked by all
	2801.411	presence of many existing and tertiary	representative forms on the eastern and western shores
	2823.315	by man, and on the mountains, some few	representative European forms are found, which have
	2998.38	Porto Santo possess many distinct but	representative land-shells, some of which live in
	2998.495	not greatly marvel at the endemic and	representative species, which inhabit the several
	3004.535	ever so distant, many closely allied or	representative species occur, there will likewise be
	3038.1271	doubtful species, and of distinct but	representative species. As the late Edward Forbes
	3398.902	distribution both of the same and of	representative species throughout the world. We are as
	3446.371	the rank which they assign to the many	representative forms in Europe and North America. If
	3510.35	The existence of closely allied or	representative species in any two areas, implies, on
3			representatives
	1104.1382	and genera which have now no living	representatives, and [page] 130 NATURAL SELECTION
	2305.377	as distinct species from their European	representatives, and by other conchologists as only
	2823.115	several European forms and some few	representatives of the peculiar flora of the Cape of
26			represented
	956.641	We can, also, see that any form	represented by few individuals will, during
	1006.275	generally the case in nature, and as is	represented in the diagram by the letters standing
	1018.1045	most different or divergent variations (	represented by the outer dotted lines) being
	1020.144	it would have been better if each had	represented ten thousand generations. After a
	1026.940	In the diagram the process is	represented up to the ten-thousandth generation
	1028.94	process ever goes on so regularly as is	represented in the diagram, though in itself made
	1034.282	well as diverging in character: this is	represented in the diagram by the several divergent
	1034.572	and less improved branches: this is	represented in the diagram by some of the lower
	1038.100	generations. This case would be	represented in the diagram, if all the lines
	1042.305	to the amount of change supposed to be	represented be- [page] 121 CHAP. IV. DIVERGENCE OF
	1048.40	But during the process of modification,	represented in the diagram, another of our
	1078.158	we suppose the amount of change	represented by each successive group of diverging
	1078.753	divergent modification supposed to be	represented in the diagram. And the two new
	1104.71	of the same class have sometimes been	represented by a great tree. I believe this simile
	2199.132	Some of these formations, which are	represented in England by thin beds, are thousands
	2285.461	have suspected the vast lapse of time	represented by the thinner formation. Many cases
	2432.78	number of the genera of a family, be	represented by a vertical line of varying thickness
	2438.579	disappearance of a group of species be	represented, as before, by a vertical line of
	2532.147	same general characteristics. This is	represented in the diagram by the letter F14. All
	2542.56	will be far more complicated than is	represented in the diagram; for the groups will
	2823.930	southern Australian forms are clearly	represented by plants growing on the summits of the
	3119.973	descendants to the present day,	represented by the fifteen genera (a14 to z14) on
	3119.1116	descendants from a single species, are	represented as related in blood or descent to the
	3173.752	from extinction, for they are generally	represented by extremely few species; and such
	3173.1001	have been less aberrant had each been	represented by a dozen species instead of by a
	3301.1757	the ancient state, now supposed to be	represented in many embryos, has not been
7			representing
	1002.671	but little from each other, and feebly	representing, as Mr. Waterhouse and others have
	1068.250	towards a single point; this point	representing a single species, the supposed single
	1297.668	may be considered as a variation	representing the normal structure of another race
	2285.245	of beds only a few feet in thickness,	representing formations, elsewhere thousands of feet
	2823.616	occur, either identically the same or	representing each other, and at the same time
	2823.662	each other, and at the same time	representing plants of Europe, not found in the
	3191.1553	but we could pick out types, or forms,	representing most of the characters of each group
2			represents
	2307.1010	by wide and shallow seas, probably	represents the former state of Europe, when most
	3331.1032	that the minute papilla, which often	represents the pistil in male flowers, and which
7			reprinted
	4804.52	Two Essays. By Rev. Thomas James.	Reprinted from the " Quarterly Review." Fcap. 8vo
	5024.56	Early Period of the French Revolution.	Reprinted from the Quarterly Review. 8vo. 15s
	5155.52	THE). An Essay. By REV. THOS. JAMES.	Reprinted from the " Quarterly Review." Fcap. 8vo
	5388.49	THE). An Essay. By REV. THOMAS JAMES.	Reprinted from the " Quarterly Review." Fcap. 8vo
	5394.38	THEODORE) Life. By J. G. LOCKHART.	Reprinted from the " Quarterly Review." Fcap. Svo
	5834.40	MUSIC AND DRESS. Two Essays, by a Lady.	Reprinted from the "Quarterly Review." Fcap. 8vo
	5864.43	On the Chace—The Turf—and The Road.	Reprinted from the "Quarterly Review." Woodcuts
4			reproduce
	1305.785	tendency, whether strong or weak, to	reproduce the lost character might be, as was
	1309.77	generation there has been a tendency to	reproduce the character in question, which at
	3343.350	inheritance at corresponding ages will	reproduce the organ in its reduced state at the
	3426.275	when not rendered impotent, fails to	reproduce offspring exactly like the parent-form
1			reproduced
	1938.431	widely dissimilar in general habit, "	reproduced itself as perfectly as if it had been a
16			reproduction
	295.80	the laws are which determine the	reproduction of animals under confinement, I may
	305.355	life are in comparison with the laws of	reproduction, and of growth, and of inheritance; for
	864.417	or habitually, concur for the	reproduction of their kind. This view, I may add
	864.928	is, two individuals regularly unite for	reproduction, which is all that concerns us. But
	864.1214	that two individuals ever concur in	reproduction? As it is impossible here to enter on
	896.162	hermaphrodite animal with the organs of	reproduction so perfectly enclosed within the body
	1245.1549	not directly connected with the act of	reproduction. The rule applies to males and females
	1906.44	species have of course their organs of	reproduction in a perfect condition, yet when
	2016.176	male and female elements in the act of	reproduction, yet that there is a rude degree of
	3075.1627	main divisions; whereas the organs of	reproduction, with their product the seed, are of
	3251.1891	organ of importance, excepting for	reproduction. [page] 442 EMBRYOLOGY. CHAP. XIII
	3456.50	tends by its geometrical ratio of	reproduction to increase inordinately in number; and
	3552.331	structure, and their laws of growth and	reproduction. We see this even in so trifling a
	3588.457	in the largest sense, being Growth with	Reproduction; Inheritance which is almost implied by
	3588.510	Inheritance which is almost implied by	reproduction; Variability from the indirect and
	4351.0	Rengger on flies destroying cattle, 72.	Reproduction, rate of, 63. Resemblance to parents in
39			reproductive
	291.528	be attributed to the male and female	reproductive elements having been affected prior to
	291.748	cultivation has on the functions of the	reproductive system; this system appearing to be far
	295.829	numerous instances), yet having their	reproductive system so seriously affected by
	297.380	kept in hutches), showing that their	reproductive system has not been thus affected; so
	515.133	of life, from their action on the	reproductive system, are so far of the highest
	778.127	of life, by specially acting on the	reproductive system, causes or increases variability
	1119.397	it to be as much the function of the	reproductive system to produce individual
	1119.1034	show the truth of the remark—that the	reproductive system is eminently susceptible to
	1123.413	is alone affected. But why, because the	reproductive system is disturbed, this or that part
	1139.390	play an important part in affecting the	reproductive system, and in thus inducing
	1845.330	but to that short period alone when the	reproductive system is active, as in the nuptial
	1906.183	Hybrids, on the other hand, have their	reproductive organs functionally impotent, as may be
	1986.708	by us, and confined to the	reproductive system. This difference in the result
	2002.212	on unknown differences, chiefly in the	reproductive systems, of the species which are
	2014.61	sterility of hybrids, which have their	reproductive organs in an imperfect condition, is a
	2014.199	two pure species, which have their	reproductive organs perfect; yet these two distinct
	2020.360	unknown differences, chiefly in their	reproductive systems. These differences, in both
	2028.323	they are extremely liable to have their	reproductive systems seriously affected. This, in
	2032.1269	which is due, as I believe, to their	reproductive systems having been specially affected
	2034.160	unnatural crossing of two species, the	reproductive system, independently of the general
	2060.886	could select, slight differences in the	reproductive system, or other constitutional
	2060.963	differences correlated with the	reproductive system. He supplies his several
	2060.1372	through correlation, modify the	reproductive system in the several descendants from
	2078.697	crossed with N. glutinosa. Hence the	reproductive system of this one variety must have
	2080.392	and functional differences in the	reproductive system; from these several
	2084.459	modifications, more especially in the	reproductive systems of the forms which are crossed
	2094.776	namely, that it is due to the	reproductive system being eminently sensitive to any
	2094.1127	cultivated) which have not had their	reproductive systems in any way affected, and they
	2094.1230	but hybrids themselves have their	reproductive systems seriously affected, and their
	2120.305	on unknown differences in their	reproductive systems. There is no more reason to
	2122.70	between pure species, which have their	reproductive systems perfect, seems [page] 277 CHAP
	2126.135	sterility of hybrids, which have their	reproductive systems imperfect, and which have had
	2132.84	and not of differences in the	reproductive system. In all other respects
	3263.1224	communicated to the offspring from the	reproductive element of one parent. Or again, as
	3384.489	on constitutional differences in the	reproductive systems of the intercrossed species. We
	3386.238	either their constitutions or their	reproductive systems should have been profoundly
	3392.88	from that of first crosses, for their	reproductive organs are more or less functionally
	3426.131	This seems to be mainly due to the	reproductive system being eminently susceptible to
	4521.11	under domestication, 7. —caused by	reproductive system being affected by conditions of
1			reptile
	3239.509	it be that of a mammal, bird, or	reptile. The vermiform larvæ of moths, flies
10			reptiles
	1171.720	the blind Proteus with reference to the	reptiles of Europe, I am only surprised that
	1464.241	types, and formerly had flying	reptiles, it is conceivable that flying-fish
	1574.1541	occur in the skulls of young birds and	reptiles, which have only to escape from a
	2408.344	with many strange and lost mammals and	reptiles in the sub-Himalayan deposits. The
	2520.602	very distinct groups, such as fish and	reptiles, seems to be, that supposing them to be
	2522.518	groups. Yet if we compare the older	Reptiles and [page] 331 CHAP. X. AFFINITIES OF
	2578.258	that the oldest known mammals,	reptiles, and fish strictly belong to their own
	2930.152	inhabitants; in the Galapagos Islands	reptiles, and in New Zealand gigantic wingless
	3093.10	CHAP. XIII. CLASSIFICATION. birds and	reptiles, as an approach in structure in any one
	3518.851	see why the embryos of mammals, birds,	reptiles, and fishes should be so closely alike
1			reptiles-the
	3089.394	absolutely distinguishes fishes and	reptiles-the inflection of the angle of the jaws in
1			republication
	6168.107	purposes and distribution to students;	republication in any form requires written permission
1			repulsed
	1743.383	they approached and were vigorously	repulsed by an independent community of the
4			reputed
	616.721	as to be of doubtful value: these 63	reputed species range on an average over 6.9 of
	2054.487	difficulties; for if two hitherto	reputed varieties be found in any degree
	2078.290	on five forms, which are commonly	reputed to be varieties, and which he tested by
	3540.84	their belief that a multitude of	reputed species in each genus are not real
5			request
	240.196	to me a memoir on this subject, with a	request that I would forward it to Sir Charles
	890.695	be the case in this country; and at my	request Dr. Hooker tabulated the trees of New
	2528.150	the subject is somewhat complex, I must	request the reader to turn to the diagram in
	2743.764	seeds, during the Glacial epoch. At my	request Sir C. Lyell wrote to M. Hartung to
	3063.221	less improved, and preceding forms. I	request the reader to turn to the diagram
9			require
	669.164	few, is, that the slow-breeders would	require a few more years to people, under
	719.396	of our orchidaceous plants absolutely	require the visits of moths to remove their
	731.437	for they frequent the same districts,	require the same food, and are exposed to the
	1651.325	An action, which we ourselves should	require experience to enable us to perform
	1703.826	civilised dogs, even when quite young,	require to be taught not to attack poultry
	2337.63	formerly made, namely that it might	require a long succession of ages to adapt an
	2383.72	pressure, have always seemed to me to	require some special explanation; and we may
	2637.1110	closely as the same species generally	require; for it is a most rare case to find a
	3418.258	it is imperfect to the degree which I	require, few will be inclined to admit. If we
12			required
	878.255	but, the agency of insects is often	required to cause the stamens to spring forward
	1267.796	of the individuals varying in the	required manner and degree, and by the continued
	1819.1123	construction more materials would be	required than for a cylinder. As natural
	1825.941	throughout the winter, and consequently	required a store of honey: there can in this
	1918.403	think no better evidence of this can be	required than that the two most experienced
	2217.145	the denudation of the Weald must have	required 306,662,400 years; or say three hundred
	2265.360	each formation has indisputably	required a vast number of years for its
	2273.214	of Europe; time having apparently been	required for their migration from the American
	2285.332	feet in thickness, and which must have	required an enormous period for their
	2335.96	perhaps in some cases than the time	required for the accumulation of each formation
	5046.109	great excellence or only mediocrity be	required. By LIEUT.-COL. HUTCHINSON. Third
	5512.134	great Excellence or only Mediocrity be	required. Third Edition. Revised and enlarged
1			requirements
	1606.527	the community, it will fulfil all the	requirements of natural selection, though it may
3			requires
	505.805	individuals of a species in any country	requires that the species should be placed under
	3418.451	changed in the manner which my theory	requires, for they have changed slowly and in a
	6168.133	to students; republication in any form	requires written permission. Contact: Dr John
4			requiring
	250.1265	flowers with separate sexes absolutely	requiring the agency of certain insects to bring
	1233.372	largely developing any organ, without	requiring as a necessary compensation the
	1361.1226	on my view must be a very slow process,	requiring a long lapse of time-in this case
	2285.48	have been due to geographical changes	requiring much time. Nor will the closest
8			requisite
	441.1046	natural capacity and years of practice	requisite to become even a skilful pigeon-fancier
	1173.103	of flowering, in the amount of rain	requisite for seeds to germinate, in the time of
	1781.1232	can prolong the hexagon to any length	requisite to hold the stock of honey; in the same
	2213.815	given height, we could measure the time	requisite to have denuded the Weald. This, of
	2267.108	is short compared with the period	requisite to change one species into another. I
	3135.287	several other grades of difference are	requisite, as we have seen with pigeons. The
	3295.1004	undergoing any metamorphosis is perhaps	requisite. If, on the other hand, it profited the
	4748.14	and 1838. 8vo. 2s. each. 29. ——— TABLE	requisite to be used with the N.A. 1781. 8vo. 5s
6			research
	864.767	of animals, pair for each birth. Modern	research has much diminished the number of
	2307.11	in the highest degree. Geological	research, though it has added numerous species
	3113.541	this has been done, not because further	research has detected important structural
	4796.29	vo. 16s. ——— Voyages of Discovery and	Research within the Arctic Regions, from 1818 to
	5950.43	S (SIR JAMES) Voyage of Discovery and	Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions
	6176.20	Sponsored by: Arts and Humanities	Research Council The Charles Darwin Trust
15			researches
	83.22	ETC., SOCIETIES ; AUTHOR OF 'JOURNAL OF	RESEARCHES DURING H.M.S. BEAGLE'S VOYAGE ROUND THE
	357.456	thousand years ago? But Mr. Horner's	researches have rendered it in some degree
	2247.63	sea, in which case, judging from the	researches of E. Forbes, we may conclude that the
	2954.1055	archipelago by the admirable zeal and	researches of Mr. Wallace. I have not as yet had
	3580.63	see open fields for far more important	researches. Psychology will be based on a new
	4628.31	vo. 4s. ——— Pathological and Practical	Researches on the Diseases of the Stomach, &e
	5034.29	to. 24s. DARWINS (CHARLES) Journal of	Researches into the Natural History and Geology of
	5136.35	s. FELLOWS' (SIR CHARLES) Travels and	Researches in Asia Minor, more particularly in the
	5192.93	and Fall, Abridged, incorporating the	Researches of Recent Commentators. By Dr. WM
	5576.62	and its Remains. Being a narrative of	Researches and Discoveries amidst the Ruins of
	5630.47	REV. DR.) Missionary Travels and	Researches in South Africa; including a Sketch of
	5944.31	s. ROBINSON'S (REV. DR.) Biblical	Researches in the Holy Land. Being a Journal of
	5944.109	of Travels in 1838, and of Later	Researches in 1852. With New Maps. 3 Vols. 8vo
	5946.14	Maps. 3 Vols. 8vo. 36s. *** The Later	Researches may be had separately. 8vo. 15s
	6006.93	and Fall, Abridged. Incorporating the	Researches of Recent Commentators. Sixth Thousand
34			resemblance
	1167.503	have been anticipated from the general	resemblance of the other inhabitants of North
	1657.606	life. Several other points of	resemblance between instincts and habits could be
	1661.123	this does sometimes happen-then the	resemblance between what originally was a habit and
	1976.46	term systematic affinity is meant, the	resemblance between species in structure and in
	1992.987	hybrid is independent of its external	resemblance to either pure parent. Considering the
	1998.10	HYBRIDISM. CHAP. VIII. degree of	resemblance to each other. This latter statement is
	2020.517	affinity, by which every kind of	resemblance and dissimilarity between organic
	2102.139	mongrel plants. On the other hand, the	resemblance in mongrels and in hybrids to their
	2110.1112	to the conclusion, that the laws of	resemblance of the child to its parents are the
	2126.1421	attempts to express all kinds of	resemblance between all species. First crosses
	2132.174	fertility, there is a close general	resemblance between hybrids and mongrels. Finally
	2155.304	in its whole organisation much general	resemblance to the tapir and to the horse; but in
	2472.216	beds present an unmistakeable degree of	resemblance to those of the Chalk. It is not that
	2558.378	as a well-known instance, the general	resemblance of the organic remains from the several
	2558.756	not attempt to account for the close	resemblance of the distinct species in closely
	2831.329	that New Zealand should have a closer	resemblance in its crustacea to Great Britain, its
	2972.1291	hand, there is a considerable degree of	resemblance in the volcanic nature of the soil, in
	3069.1286	in our classification, than mere	resemblance. I believe that something more is
	3095.941	appreciation of many trifling points of	resemblance, too slight to be defined. Certain
	3145.718	common, there will certainly be close	resemblance or affinity. As descent has
	3159.240	followed by Macleay and others. The	resemblance, in the shape of the body and in the
	3159.716	of the common and swedish turnip. The	resemblance of the greyhound and racehorse is
	3159.1293	and thus assume a close external	resemblance; but such resemblances will not reveal
	3179.1530	it may be strongly suspected that the	resemblance is only analogical, owing to the
	3203.168	plan of their organisation. This	resemblance is often expressed by the term "unity
	3229.400	organs, a certain degree of fundamental	resemblance, retained by the strong principle of
	3239.766	life. A trace of the law of embryonic	resemblance, sometimes lasts till a rather late age
	3247.730	closely the law of common embryonic	resemblance. Cirripedes afford a good instance of
	3305.189	borne in mind, that the supposed law of	resemblance of ancient forms of life to the
	3359.239	facts in Embryology; namely, the	resemblance in an individual embryo of the
	3359.399	in structure and function; and the	resemblance in different species of a class of the
	3490.169	laws in their degrees and kinds of	resemblance to their parents,—in being absorbed
	4135.7	Dr. P., on inheritance, 12. ——, on	resemblance of child to parent, 275. Lund and
	4351.27	cattle, 72. Reproduction, rate of, 63.	Resemblance to parents in mongrels and hybrids
9			resemblances
	2110.367	closely resembling one parent, the	resemblances seem chiefly confined to characters
	3075.702	to a fish, as of any importance. These	resemblances, though so intimately connected with
	3075.873	but to the consideration of these	resemblances we shall have to recur. It may even be
	3077.49	therefore, in classifying, trust to	resemblances in parts of the organisation, however
	3081.174	naturalists lay the greatest stress on	resemblances in organs of high vital or
	3147.772	to make out community of descent by	resemblances of any kind. Therefore we choose those
	3159.117	affinities and analogical or adaptive	resemblances. Lamarck first called attention to this
	3159.1315	a close external resemblance; but such	resemblances will not reveal—will rather tend to
	3197.1111	We can understand why we value certain	resemblances far more than others; why we are
34			resemble
	132.258	of the species of the larger genera	resemble varieties in being very closely, but
	357.179	and that some of the breeds closely	resemble, perhaps are identical with, those
	524.248	of the species of the larger genera	resemble varieties in being very closely, but
	606.20	whether two forms [page] 57 CHAP. II.	RESEMBLE VARIETIES. should be ranked as species
	608.523	the species of the larger genera	resemble varieties, more than do the species of
	608.844	manufactured still to a certain extent	resemble varieties, for they differ from each
	616.412	allied to other species, and in so far	resemble varieties, often have much restricted
	620.20	certain amount of [page] 59 CHAP. II.	RESEMBLE VARIETIES. difference, for two forms
	1006.186	country; these species are supposed to	resemble each other in unequal degrees, as is so
	1056.84	species of our genus were supposed to	resemble each other in unequal degrees, as is so
	1275.684	in which all the species of a genus	resemble each other, and in which they differ
	1311.223	so that a variety of one species would	resemble in some of its characters another
	1695.398	when thus tested by crossing,	resemble natural instincts, which in a like
	1992.396	their two parents, always closely	resemble one of them; and such hybrids, though
	1992.703	sometimes are born, which closely	resemble one of their pure parents; and these
	1994.616	not related to the degree in which they	resemble in external appearance either parent
	2040.307	which occasionally and exceptionally	resemble closely either pure parent. Nor do I
	2102.622	from a reciprocal cross, generally	resemble each other closely; and so it is with
	2104.541	that both the mule and the hinny more	resemble the ass than the horse; but that the
	2576.37	Agassiz insists that ancient animals	resemble to a certain extent the embryos of
	2618.744	it will be related to, and consequently	resemble, the common progenitor of groups, since
	2624.363	be proved that ancient animals	resemble to a certain extent the embryos of more
	3057.61	life, all organic beings are found to	resemble each other in descending degrees, so
	3141.825	not solely because they closely	resemble the parent-form, but because they are
	3203.100	independently of their habits of life,	resemble each other in the general plan of their
	3239.569	larvæ of moths, flies, beetles, &c.,	resemble each other much more closely than do
	3239.885	and of closely allied genera, often	resemble each other in their first and second
	3241.92	different animals of the same class	resemble each other, often have no direct
	3289.80	supposed genus will manifestly tend to	resemble each other much more closely than do
	3289.692	of the parent-species will still	resemble each other closely, for they will not
	3295.0	page] 448 EMBRYOLOGY. CHAP. XIII.	resemble the mature parent-form. We have seen
	3301.1476	and extinct forms of life should	resemble the embryos of their descendants,—our
	3454.742	other species—in which respects they	resemble varieties. These are strange relations
	3546.870	at an embryonic age the species closely	resemble each other. Therefore I cannot doubt
1			resembled
	2480.672	the pleistocene inhabitants of Europe	resembled most closely those of the southern
5			resembles
	940.88	of Madeira, according to Oswald Heer,	resembles the extinct tertiary flora of Europe
	1442.672	which has webbed feet and which	resembles an otter in its fur, short legs, and
	1544.33	their intimate structure closely	resembles that of common muscle; and as it has
	2972.1107	classes are associated together, which	resembles closely the conditions of the South
	3179.1391	has remarked, the phascolomys	resembles most nearly, not any one species, but
8			resembling
	365.1276	Who can believe that animals closely	resembling the Italian greyhound, the bloodhound
	578.153	to a set of individuals closely	resembling each other, and that it does not
	1351.427	of the world, to produce hybrids	resembling in their stripes, not their own parents
	2056.737	many species there are, which, though	resembling each other most closely, are utterly
	2110.340	collected of cross-bred animals closely	resembling one parent, the resemblances seem
	3257.403	class, generally, but not universally,	resembling each other;—of the structure of the
	3295.326	any metamorphosis, or closely	resembling their parents from their earliest age
	3315.144	genus (and even of the same species)	resembling each other most closely in all respects
2			reserve
	526.281	should be given; but these I shall	reserve for my future work. Nor shall I here
	582.483	Hooker, even in stronger terms. I shall	reserve for my future work the discussion of
1			reserved
	100.28	The right of Translation is	reserved. [page iv
14			residence
	741.276	it comes into competition for food or	residence, or from which it has to escape, or on
	1125.894	insects, Wollaston is convinced that	residence near the sea affects their colours
	4892.33	s. BUNBURYS (C. J. F.) Journal of a	Residence at the Cape of Good Hope; with
	5114.70	Manners and Society during a Ten Years	Residence in that Country. Fifth Thousand
	5175.2	Woodcuts. 2 Vols. Post 8vo. 18s. ——	Residence among the Chinese: Inland, on the Coast
	5438.2	RIPA'S MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF CHINA A	RESIDENCE IN THE WEST INDIES. By M.G.LEWIS
	5502.2	LIBYAN DESERT. By BAYLE ST. JOHN. A	RESIDENCE AT SIERRA LEONE. By a LADY. LIFE OF
	5616.24	vo. 42s. —— (M. G.) Journal of a	Residence among the Negroes in the West Indies
	5630.111	including a Sketch of Sixteen Years	Residence in the Interior of Africa, and a
	5716.73	Sketches of New South Wales, during a	Residence from 1839 to 1844. Post 8vo. 2s. 6d
	5720.44	MRS. CHARLES) Tasmania, during a	Residence of Nine Years. "With Illustrations
	5878.56	Personal Narrative of Three Years'	Residence and Adventures in Abyssinia. Woodcuts
	5938.47	FATHER) Memoirs during Thirteen Years'	Residence at the Court of Peking, in the Service
	6096.65	Scenes in Russia during a Year's	Residence, chiefly in the Interior. Second
11			resist
	695.272	compete with our native plants, nor	resist destruction by our native animals
	2032.719	one species in a group will sometimes	resist great changes of conditions with
	2062.137	But it seems to me impossible to	resist the evidence of the existence of a
	2247.608	thick enough, when upraised, to	resist any amount of degradation, may be
	2249.498	America, which has been bulky enough to	resist such degradation as it has as yet
	2251.244	and sufficiently thick and extensive to	resist subsequent degradation, may have been
	2402.140	has shown that it is hardly possible to	resist the evidence on this head in the case
	2602.405	fossiliferous deposits thick enough to	resist future degradation, enormous intervals
	2713.475	was not even known how far seeds could	resist the injurious action of sea-water. To
	3416.469	formations, thick enough to	resist future degradation, can be accumulated
	3472.473	some effect; for it is difficult to	resist this con- [page] 473 CHAP. XIV
2			resistance
	2723.444	length of their flotation and of their	resistance to the injurious action of the salt
	5962.75	Siege of Kars and of the Six Months'	Resistance by the Turkish Garrison under General
1			resisted
	782.360	with advantage, so as to have better	resisted such intruders. As man can produce and
4			resisting
	1177.846	different constitutional powers of	resisting cold. Mr. Thwaites informs me that he
	1560.919	absolutely depends on their power of	resisting the attacks of insects: so that
	2213.1759	layers or nodules, which from long	resisting attrition form a breakwater at the base
	4380.13	in, 77. ——, winged, 146. ——, power of	resisting salt-water, 358. —in crops and
1			resown
	731.728	be sown together, and the mixed seed be	resown, some of the varieties which best suit
44			respect
	359.621	had more than one wild parent. With	respect to horses, from reasons which I cannot
	435.1105	Sir John Sebright, used to say, with	respect to pigeons, that "he would produce any
	505.418	principle Marshall has remarked, with	respect to the sheep of parts of Yorkshire
	511.215	stocked with other races. In this	respect enclosure of the land plays a part
	608.470	they concur in this view. In this	respect, therefore, the species of the larger
	747.353	range, a change of constitution with	respect to climate would clearly be an
	822.1108	suspect that some well-known laws with	respect to the plumage of male and female birds
	1205.692	probably homology comes into play? With	respect to this latter case of correlation, I
	1213.5	nectary is only much shortened. With	respect to the difference in the corolla of the
	1245.321	made by Professor Owen, with	respect to the length of the arms of the ourang
	1325.5	zebra-like bars on the hocks. With	respect to the horse, I have collected cases in
	1339.1351	stripes on the sides of its face. With	respect to this last fact, I was so convinced
	1839.989	the prodigious difference in this	respect between the workers and the perfect
	1936.714	same flower were perfectly good with	respect to other species, yet as they were
	1944.952	be perfectly fertile. Again, with	respect to the fertility in successive
	2040.108	on vague hypotheses, several facts with	respect to the sterility of hybrids; for
	2084.248	the view which I have taken with	respect to the very general, but not invariable
	2110.1050	an enormous body of facts with	respect to animals, comes to the conclusion
	2128.311	liable we are to argue in a circle with	respect to varieties in a state of nature; and
	2229.5	a partially analogous case. With	respect to the terrestrial productions which
	2460.5	process than its production. With	respect to the apparently sudden extermination
	2514.752	both into one general system. With	respect to the Vertebrata, whole pages could be
	2520.552	The most common case, especially with	respect to very distinct groups, such as fish
	2544.70	with modification, the main facts with	respect to the mutual affinities of the extinct
	2556.1039	opposite end of the series in this same	respect. Closely connected with the statement
	2643.659	Analogous facts could be given with	respect to the inhabitants of the sea. A
	2687.1169	then, considering our ignorance with	respect to former climatal and geographical
	2775.433	met with no satisfactory evidence with	respect to this intercalated slightly warmer
	2886.1187	to lead to this same conclusion. With	respect to allied fresh-water fish occurring at
	2898.5	a favouring gale no one can tell. With	respect to plants, it has long been known what
	2936.49	little facts could be given with	respect to the inhabitants of remote islands
	2938.5	bushes and ultimately into trees. With	respect to the absence of whole orders on
	3024.237	how profoundly ignorant we are with	respect to the many and curious means of
	3026.5	sub-genera, genera, and families. With	respect to the distinct species of the same
	3113.14	and botanists. Finally, with	respect to the comparative value of the various
	3151.469	a common parent. We may err in this	respect in regard to single points of structure
	3179.723	in some degree intermediate with	respect to all existing Marsupials; or that
	3295.226	class of insects, as with Aphis. With	respect to the final cause of the young in
	3331.40	I have now given the leading facts with	respect to rudimentary organs. In reflecting on
	3384.5	this difficulty can be mastered. With	respect to the almost universal sterility of
	3398.1029	occasional means of transport. With	respect to distinct species of the same genus
	3400.346	together in an inextricable chaos? With	respect to existing forms, we should remember
	3418.5	of subsidence, more extinction. With	respect to the absence of fossiliferous
	3566.938	organs will speak infallibly with	respect to the nature of long-lost structures
2			respective
	1689.56	shall thus also be enabled to see the	respective parts which habit and the selection of
	2102.187	in mongrels and in hybrids to their	respective parents, more especially in hybrids
21			respects
	343.192	of the same genus, in several trifling	respects, they often differ in an extreme degree
	389.321	from each other in the most trifling	respects. As several of the reasons which have
	411.207	very abnormal characters in certain	respects, as compared with all other Columbidæ
	411.284	Columbidæ, though so like in most other	respects to the rock-pigeon; the blue colour and
	542.273	as distinct species, are in several	respects the most important for us. We have
	622.654	restricted ranges. In all these several	respects the species of large genera present a
	934.887	areas probably have been in some	respects highly favourable for the production of
	2040.587	to show, is that in two cases, in some	respects allied, sterility is the common result
	2086.210	may be compared in several other	respects. Gärtner, whose strong wish was to draw
	2086.565	most closely in very many important	respects. I shall here discuss this subject
	2112.67	fertility and sterility, in all other	respects there seems to be a general and close
	2132.118	the reproductive system. In all other	respects, excluding fertility, there is a close
	2149.452	will generally have differed in some	respects from all its modified descendants. To
	2454.154	which are most like each other in all	respects. [page] 321 CHAP. X. EXTINCTION
	2918.761	and the comparison in some other	respects is not quite fair. We have evidence
	2972.1228	considerable dissimilarity in all these	respects. On the other hand, there is a
	3139.338	allied in blood and alike in some other	respects. If it could be proved that the
	3315.186	each other most closely in all	respects, one of which will have full-sized
	3323.120	in degree of development and in other	respects. Moreover, in closely allied species
	3438.40	viduals of the same species come in all	respects into the closest competition with each
	3454.728	groups round other species—in which	respects they resemble varieties. These are
5			respiration
	1524.252	for a wholly different purpose, namely	respiration. The swimbladder has, also, been worked
	1528.439	a lung, or organ used exclusively for	respiration. I can, indeed, hardly doubt that all
	1530.1125	at a very ancient period served for	respiration have been actually converted into
	1536.261	including the small frena, serving for	respiration. The Balanidæ or sessile cirripedes, on
	1536.792	very slightly aided the act of	respiration, have been gradually converted by
1			respire
	1522.480	will then digest and the stomach	respire. In such cases natural selection might
1			respires
	1522.283	functions; thus the alimentary canal	respires, digests, and excretes in the larva of
1			restate
	3538.150	we give an explanation when we only	restate a fact. Any one whose disposition leads
1			restatement
	3331.573	seems to me no explanation, merely a	restatement of the fact. Would it be thought
1			restating
	1492.105	another type; but this seems to me only	restating the fact in dignified language. He who
1			restorations
	2584.1015	We see the same law in this author's	restorations of the extinct and gigantic birds of
1			restored
	5138.54	Palaces of Nineveh and Persepolis	Restored: an Essay on Ancient Assyrian and
1			restraint
	653.883	increase of food, and no prudential	restraint from marriage. Although some species
10			restricted
	132.352	related to each other, and in having	restricted ranges. .. .. .. .. .. .. 44-59 [page
	524.342	related to each other, and in having	restricted ranges. BEFORE applying the principles
	616.87	notice. Varieties generally have much	restricted ranges: this statement is indeed
	616.448	far resemble varieties, often have much	restricted ranges. For instance, Mr. H. C. Watson
	616.1078	varieties have very nearly the same	restricted average range, as have those very
	622.614	allied to other species apparently have	restricted ranges. In all these several respects
	1018.290	vary more than rare species with	restricted ranges. Let (A) be a common, widely
	2522.195	other. This remark no doubt must be	restricted to those groups which have undergone
	2723.1350	shown that such plants generally have	restricted ranges. But seeds may be occasionally
	3454.640	of the larger genera apparently have	restricted ranges, and they are clustered in
1			rests
	1956.467	to believe in its truth, although it	rests on no direct evidence. I believe, for
37			result
	242.897	those at which I have arrived. A fair	result can be obtained only by fully stating
	319.4	laws of the correlation of growth. The	result of the various, quite unknown, or dimly
	451.260	been published on the subject; and the	result, I may add, has been, in a
	469.226	even have wished to have produced the	result which ensued—namely, the production of
	477.1006	been simple, and, as far as the final	result is concerned, has been followed almost
	515.693	attributed to use and disuse. The final	result is thus rendered infinitely complex. In
	590.766	But so many causes tend to obscure this	result, that I am surprised that my tables
	645.429	Dean of Manchester, evidently the	result of his great horticultural knowledge
	665.802	the geometrical ratio of increase, the	result of which never fails to be surprising
	735.262	they cannot be kept together. The same	result has followed from keeping together
	784.54	and certainly has produced a great	result by his methodical and unconscious means
	804.1341	structure is merely the correlated	result of successive changes in the structure
	816.202	for possession of the females; the	result is not death to the unsuccessful
	890.803	those of the United States, and the	result was as I anticipated. On the other hand
	1189.219	fitted for their own districts: the	result must, I think, be due to habit. On the
	1675.864	the action was instinctive, and not the	result of experience. But as the excretion is
	1709.473	has done nothing, and all has been the	result of selection, pursued both methodically
	1779.34	BEE. both layers be formed, there will	result a double layer of hexagonal prisms
	1932.953	three other and distinct species: the	result was that "the ovaries of the three
	1936.372	years, and always with the same	result. This result has, also, been confirmed
	1936.385	and always with the same result. This	result has, also, been confirmed by other
	1958.203	and in hybrids, is an extremely general	result; but that it cannot, under our present
	1986.752	system. This difference in the	result of reciprocal crosses between the same
	2000.677	often be so great a difference in the	result of a reciprocal cross between the same
	2040.628	allied, sterility is the common	result,—in the one case from the conditions of
	2060.1577	be surprised at some difference in the	result. I have as yet spoken as if the
	2070.94	first quite incredible; but it is the	result of an astonishing number of experiments
	2177.8	IMPERFECTION OF THE CHAP. IX. are the	result and measure of the degradation which
	2177.379	parts of Great Britain; and this is the	result:— Feet. Palæozoic strata (not
	2574.58	countries could not have foreseen this	result. Agassiz insists that ancient animals
	2723.672	them to have floated much longer. The	result was that 18/98 of his seeds floated for
	2765.588	will make no difference in the final	result. As the warmth returned, the arctic
	3063.376	and he will see that the inevitable	result is that the modified descendants
	3295.403	age, we can see that this would	result from the two following contingencies
	3384.605	in the vast difference in the	result, when the same two species are crossed
	3442.638	produce within a short period a great	result by adding up mere individual
	5578.36	s. —————Nineveh and Babylon; being the	Result of a Second Expedition to Assyria
1			resulted
	1462.629	alluded to, which perhaps may all have	resulted from disuse, indicate the natural steps
1			resulting
	1773.217	symmetrically in a double layer, the	resulting structure would probably have been as
18			results
	457.266	may be called Unconscious, and which	results from every one trying to possess and
	477.901	in having produced such splendid	results from such poor materials; but the art
	582.70	I thought that some interesting	results might be obtained in regard to the
	598.616	species of the small genera. Both these	results follow when another division is made
	608.300	averages, and, as far as my imperfect	results go, they always confirm the view. I
	641.430	of the same genus, arise? All these	results, as we shall more fully see in the next
	641.1297	selection can certainly produce great	results, and can adapt organic beings to his
	778.579	as man can certainly produce great	results by adding up in any given direction
	830.1059	or by that unconscious selection which	results from each man trying [page] 91 CHAP
	1926.23	been avoided. Now let us turn to the	results arrived at by the third most
	1930.336	as did Gärtner. The difference in their	results may, I think, be in part accounted for
	2016.244	is a rude degree of parallelism in the	results of grafting and [page] 263 CHAP. VIII
	2100.316	and seems directly opposed to the	results of several experiments made by
	2235.53	in the geological record mainly	results from another and more important cause
	3197.52	have seen that natural selection, which	results from the struggle for existence, and
	3434.551	of peculiar seasons, and by the	results of naturalisation, as explained in the
	4662.17	Royal 4to. 50s. each. ——— ASTRONOMICAL	RESULTS. 1848 to 1856. 4to. 8s. each
	4694.34	MAGNETICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL	RESULTS. 1848 to 1855. 4to. 8s. each
1			resurrection
	4814.162	Argument for the truth of the	Resurrection of our Lord. Being the HULSEAN LECTURES
10			retain
	1536.91	the means of a sticky secretion, to	retain the eggs until they are hatched within
	2412.919	surprising that one species should	retain the same identical form much longer
	2532.73	altered conditions of life, and yet	retain throughout a vast period the same
	2717.1714	sea-currents during 28 days, and would	retain their power of germination. In Johnston
	2729.735	in the crops of floating birds long	retain their vitality: peas and vetches, for
	2749.405	very great distances; for seeds do not	retain their vitality when exposed for a great
	2904.465	the sea; and we have seen that seeds	retain their power of germination, when
	2988.926	species, however, might spread and yet	retain the same character throughout the group
	3315.378	wings. Rudimentary organs sometimes	retain their potentiality, and are merely not
	3454.414	of varieties or incipient species,	retain to a certain degree the character of
19			retained
	542.411	closely-allied forms have permanently	retained their characters in their own country
	830.746	or selected,—provided always that they	retained strength to master their prey at this
	920.627	uniformity of character can be	retained amongst them, as long as their
	1070.153	diverged much in character, but to have	retained the form of (F), either unaltered or
	1305.563	that a tendency to reversion is	retained by this very small proportion of
	1628.566	of high importance has often been	retained (as the tail of an aquatic animal by
	1707.428	mother to fly away. But this instinct	retained by our chickens has become useless
	2669.835	the last chapter that some forms have	retained nearly the same character from an
	2735.1037	of beet grew after having been thus	retained for two days and fourteen hours
	2735.1518	excrement; and several of these seeds	retained their power of germination. Certain
	3095.1545	that this genus should still be	retained amongst the Malpighiaceæ. This case
	3179.971	we may suppose that the bizcacha has	retained, by inheritance, more of the character
	3179.1218	all Marsupials, from having partially	retained the character of their common
	3229.413	degree of fundamental resemblance,	retained by the strong principle of inheritance
	3237.157	which they would probably have	retained through inheritance, if they had really
	3329.308	in the adult, is often said to have	retained its embryonic condition. I have now
	3339.287	another purpose. Or an organ might be	retained for one alone of its [page] 455 CHAP
	3345.420	with the letters in a word, still	retained in the spelling, but become useless in
	3398.111	to believe that some species have	retained the same specific form for very long
7			retaining
	1885.271	different conditions of life, yet often	retaining nearly the same instincts. For instance
	2092.58	cases both of hybrids and mongrels long	retaining uniformity of character could be given
	2910.1253	and of the lower animals, whether	retaining the same identical form or in some
	2936.509	becoming slightly modified, but still	retaining its hooked seeds, would form an endemic
	2962.147	the more remote islands, whether still	retaining the same specific form or modified
	3016.377	chance of ranging widely and of still	retaining the same specific character. This fact
	3237.95	of the jaws, for instance, of a crab	retaining numerous characters, which they would
1			retard
	926.509	and fewness of individuals will greatly	retard the production of new species through
1			retarded
	948.777	The process will often be greatly	retarded by free intercrossing. Many will
1			retarding
	914.123	overrate the effects of intercrosses in	retarding natural selection; for I can bring a
1			retention
	3185.37	a common parent, together with their	retention by inheritance of some characters in
2			retreat
	2767.47	warmth returned, the arctic forms would	retreat northward, closely followed up in their
	2767.95	northward, closely followed up in their	retreat by the productions of the more
2			retreated
	2775.349	further north, and subsequently have	retreated to their present homes; but I have met
	2839.366	plants and other productions will have	retreated from both sides towards the equator
1			retreating
	2171.574	how often do we see along the bases of	retreating cliffs rounded boulders, all thickly
1			retrievers
	1689.715	certainly in some degree inherited by	retrievers; and a tendency to run round, instead
1			retrieving
	1689.663	first time that they are taken out;	retrieving is certainly in some degree inherited
2			retrograde
	3251.1740	the development has assuredly been	retrograde; for the male is a mere sack, which
	3295.1807	final metamorphosis would be said to be	retrograde. As all the organic beings, extinct
11			return
	234.392	one of our greatest philosophers. On my	return home, it occurred to me, in 1837, that
	576.628	species. But we shall hereafter have to	return to this subject. From these remarks it
	836.1351	of intercrossing we shall soon have to	return. I may add, that, according to Mr
	846.1439	to tree in search of nectar. But to	return to our imaginary case: as soon as the
	884.1042	pollen; but to this subject we shall	return in a future chapter. In the case of a
	1084.1049	to a remote futurity. I shall have to	return to this subject in the chapter on
	1470.185	under many subordinate forms. Thus, to	return to our imaginary illustration of the
	2096.7	are highly variable. But to	return to our comparison of mongrels and
	2297.146	but to this subject I shall have to	return in the following chapter. One other
	2805.12	utterly dissimilar. But we must	return to our more immediate subject, the
	6166.0	has been accessed 286836 times	Return to homepage Terms of Use. These
4			returned
	2323.470	their parent-forms. When such varieties	returned to their ancient homes, as they would
	2767.14	in the final result. As the warmth	returned, the arctic forms would retreat
	2767.426	Hence, when the warmth had fully	returned, the same arctic species, which had
	2845.272	even crossed the equator. As the warmth	returned, these temperate forms would naturally
3			returning
	1749.218	and numerous pupæ. I traced the	returning file burthened with booty, for about
	2769.381	came on, and the re-migration on the	returning warmth, will generally have been due
	2777.471	left isolated from the moment of the	returning warmth, first at the bases and
7			reveal
	1767.328	and see whether Nature does not	reveal to us her method of work. At one end of
	2147.459	links? Geology assuredly does not	reveal any such finely graduated organic chain
	2759.883	drifted icebergs and coast-ice, plainly	reveal a former cold period. The former
	3159.964	classification, only in so far as they	reveal descent, we can clearly understand why
	3301.1031	reveals community of descent. It will	reveal this community of descent, however much
	3524.1302	may be said to have taken pains to	reveal, by rudimentary organs and by
	3566.1173	ancient forms of life. Embryology will	reveal to us the structure, in some degree
4			revealed
	3073.27	CHAP. XIII. cation, which is partially	revealed to us by our classifications. Let us
	5684.74	or, the Invisible World, as	revealed by the Microscope. Second Edition
	5886.100	Principles and Duties of Natural and	Revealed Religion. Post 8vo. 8s. 6d. ——— (F. C
	5928.28	s. each. ——— Historical Evidences of	Revealed Religion. Being the Bampton Lectures
4			reveals
	1906.390	in structure, as far as the microscope	reveals. In the first case the two sexual
	3069.810	Natural System; they believe that it	reveals the plan of the Creator; but unless it
	3301.607	less modified state; and in so far it	reveals the structure of its progenitor. In two
	3301.993	Thus, community in embryonic structure	reveals community of descent. It will reveal
1			reveal—will
	3159.1337	but such resemblances will not	reveal—will rather tend to conceal their blood
1			revenue
	5724.205	time. Second Edition. With Coloured	Revenue Map. 8vo. 10s. 6d. MITCHELLS (THOMAS
1			reverence
	5698.18	mo. 7s. 6d. MARYLANDS (J. H.)	Reverence due to Holy Places. Third Edition. Fcap
1			reverent
	3544.839	of species in what they consider	reverent silence. It may be asked how far I
3			reverse
	501.68	the circumstances, favourable, or the	reverse, to man's power of selection. A high
	884.938	are crossed the case is directly the	reverse, for a plant's own pollen is always
	2880.336	countries. But the case is exactly the	reverse. Not only have many fresh-water species
7			reversed
	375.1264	short and conical beak, with a line of	reversed feathers down the breast; and it has
	375.1424	The Jacobin has the feathers so much	reversed along the back of the neck that they
	395.489	the short-faced tumbler, or barb; for	reversed feathers like those of the jacobin; for
	616.284	their denominations ought to be	reversed. But there is also reason to believe
	1297.377	apart, present sub-varieties with	reversed feathers on the head and feathers on
	2006.161	element of the other, but not in a	reversed direction. It will be advisable to
	2851.240	from the north to the south, than in a	reversed direction. We see, however, a few
21			reversion
	333.33	Having alluded to the subject of	reversion, I may here refer to a statement often
	333.748	not tell whether or not nearly perfect	reversion had ensued. It would be quite necessary
	337.791	manifested a strong tendency to	reversion,—that is, to lose their acquired
	399.1392	facts, on the well-known principle of	reversion to ancestral characters, if all the
	403.402	some distinct breed, the tendency to	reversion to any character derived from such
	515.452	various degrees of inheritance and of	reversion. Variability is governed by many
	1243.139	disuse, and to the tendency to	reversion. A part developed in any species in an
	1257.1822	on the one hand, the tendency to	reversion to a less modified state, as well as an
	1263.1106	on the one hand, and the tendency to	reversion and variability on the other hand, will
	1293.1229	of time, overmastered the tendency to	reversion and to further variability,—to sexual
	1303.227	one will doubt that this is a case of	reversion, and not of a new yet analogous
	1305.550	generally believed that a tendency to	reversion is retained by this very small
	1315.279	that the blueness was a case of	reversion, from the number of the markings, which
	1315.881	assuming characters (either from	reversion or from analogous variation) which
	1323.237	nature. It is a case apparently of	reversion. The ass not rarely has very distinct
	1361.1033	tendency to further variability and to	reversion to a less modified state. But when a
	1361.1732	modifications may not arise from	reversion and analogous variation, such
	1568.357	characters reappear from the law of	reversion; that correlation of growth will have
	1586.924	cause, may reappear from the law of	reversion, though now of no direct use. The
	1590.1062	to the several laws of inheritance,	reversion, correlation of growth, &c. Hence every
	4352.0	parents in mongrels and hybrids, 273.	Reversion, law of inheritance, 14. ——in pigeons
7			reversions
	152.485	genus vary in an analogous manner —	Reversions to long-lost characters — Summary
	337.1494	of life do change, variations and	reversions of character probably do occur; but
	1311.762	same genus would occasionally exhibit	reversions to lost ancestral characters. As
	1315.179	characters in our domestic breeds were	reversions or only analogous variations; but we
	1315.677	be left doubtful, what cases are	reversions to an anciently existing character, and
	2110.671	by selection. Consequently, sudden	reversions to the perfect character of either
	3476.609	modified. In both varieties and species	reversions to long-lost characters occur. How
9			revert
	333.178	when run wild, gradually but certainly	revert in character to their aboriginal stocks
	337.112	our varieties certainly do occasionally	revert in some of their characters to
	337.510	to a large extent, or even wholly,	revert to the wild aboriginal stock. Whether
	399.1818	breed there might be a tendency to	revert to the very same colours and markings
	403.663	there is a tendency in both parents to	revert to a character, which has been lost
	1267.875	continued rejection of those tending to	revert to a former and less modified condition
	1305.251	occasionally show a tendency to	revert in character to the foreign breed for
	1361.1609	and these same species may occasionally	revert to some of the characters of their
	2096.118	are more liable than hybrids to	revert to either parent-form; but this, if it
1			reverting
	4296.3	being able to get out of egg, 87. —,	reverting to blue colour, 160. —, instinct of
3			reverts
	327.242	sometimes not so; why the child often	reverts in certain characters to its
	403.242	the belief that the child ever	reverts to some one ancestor, removed by a
	1297.138	the characters of an allied species, or	reverts to some of the characters of an early
10			review
	2645.52	fact which strikes us in our general	review is, that barriers of any kind, or
	4804.83	James. Reprinted from the " Quarterly	Review." Fcap. 8vo. 1s. each. BELL'S (SIR
	5024.85	Reprinted from the Quarterly	Review. 8vo. 15s. —— Historical Essay on the
	5155.83	JAMES. Reprinted from the " Quarterly	Review." Fcap. 8vo. 1s. FORD'S (RICHARD
	5348.54	Essays: contributed to the " Quarterly	Review." 2 Vols. PostSvo. 18s. —— Bubbles
	5388.80	JAMES. Reprinted from the " Quarterly	Review." Fcap. 8vo. 1s. HOOK'S (REV. DR
	5394.69	Reprinted from the " Quarterly	Review." Fcap. Svo. 1s. HOOKER'S (Dr. J. D
	5834.70	a Lady. Reprinted from the "Quarterly	Review." Fcap. 8vo. 1s. NAPIER'S (SIR WM
	5864.73	The Road. Reprinted from the "Quarterly	Review." Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. O
	5922.10	A New Edition. 16mo. 1s. 6d. QUARTERLY	REVIEW (THE). 8vo. 6S. RANKE'S (LEOPOLD
15			revised
	4658.132	By Various Hands. Third Edition,	revised. "Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 2. AIRY'S
	5046.161	LIEUT.-COL. HUTCHINSON. Third Edition.	Revised and enlarged. Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 9s
	5060.84	Sir Walter Scotts Edition, entirely	revised. 8vo. In Preparation. DUDLEYS (EARL OF
	5200.74	Edition. Printed from the last editions	revised by the Author. Edited by PETER
	5227.89	By the BISHOP OF LONDON. Ninth Edition,	revised by Rev. J. EDWARDS. 12mo. 3s. GREY'S
	5512.159	Mediocrity be required. Third Edition.	Revised and enlarged. Woodcuts, Post 8vo. 9s
	5686.113	By various Writers. Third Edition	revised. Maps. Post 8vo. (Published by order of
	5702.110	Grammar. By Blomfield. Ninth Edition.	Revised by EDWARDS. 12mo. 3s. MAURELS (JULES
	5860.268	of the "Synopsis of the Peerage."	Revised, Corrected, and Continued to the
	5940.143	Gregory the Great, A.D. 590. Second and	Revised Edition. Vol. 1. 8vo. 16s. ——— Second
	5952.123	adapted for Private Families. New and	Revised Edition. Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo. 5s
	5972.68	of Central France. Second Edition,	revised and enlarged. Illustrations. Medium 8vo
	6038.99	Notes and Dissertations. Second, and	revised Edition. 8vo. 18s. —— Historical
	6128.121	of the Ancient Egyptians. New Edition.	Revised and Condensed. With 500 Woodcuts
	6144.75	for the Use of Schools. 12th Edition,	revised. 12mo. 3s. 6d. —— First Latin Book, or
5			revolution
	2165.587	will recognise as having produced a	revolution in natural science, yet does not admit
	2357.170	and the United States; and from the	revolution in our palæontological ideas on many
	3554.171	that there will be a considerable	revolution in natural history. Systematists will
	5024.44	on the Early Period of the French	Revolution. Reprinted from the Quarterly Review
	6076.49	S (M. DE) State of France before the	Revolution, 1789, and on the Causes of that Event
1			revolutions
	2711.513	of such prodigious geographical	revolutions within the recent period, as are
1			revolutum
	1930.620	pod of Crinum capense fertilised by C.	revolutum produced a plant, which (he says) I
1			revolve
	3331.657	sufficient to say that because planets	revolve in elliptic courses round the sun
1			reynolds
	5584.22	vo. 10s. 6d. ———Life of Sir Joshua	Reynolds. With an Account of his Works, and a
3			rhine
	2886.794	We have evidence in the loess of the	Rhine of considerable changes of level in the
	4130.13	sterility of crosses, 250. Loess of the	Rhine, 384. Lowness of structure connected
	5274.42	NORTH GERMANYHOLLAND, BELGIUM, and the	Rhine to Switzerland. Map. Post 8vo. 10s
3			rhinoceros
	687.713	in some cases, as with the elephant and	rhinoceros, none are destroyed by beasts of prey
	1183.1116	that former species of the elephant and	rhinoceros were capable of enduring a glacial
	3323.978	bones of the leg of the horse, ox, and	rhinoceros. It is an important fact that
3			rhododendron
	1938.213	Fuchsia, Calceolaria, Petunia,	Rhododendron, &c., have been crossed, yet many of
	4226.28	Noble, Mr., on fertility of	Rhododendron, 251. Nodules, phosphatic, in azoic
	4354.0	in pigeons to blue colour, 160.	Rhododendron, sterility of, 251. Richard, Prof., on
3			rhododendrons
	1177.660	acclimatised: thus the pines and	rhododendrons, raised from seed collected by Dr
	1938.623	of some of the complex crosses of	Rhododendrons, and I am assured that many of them are
	1942.701	of the more sterile kinds of hybrid	rhododendrons, which produce no pollen, for he will
7			rhombic
	1793.421	in other parts, large portions of a	rhombic plate had been left between the opposed
	1795.800	examined the cell, and I found that the	rhombic plate had been completed, and had
	1795.935	from the extreme thinness of the little	rhombic plate, that they could have effected
	1801.724	cell at the same time, but only the one	rhombic plate which stands on the extreme
	1801.868	never complete the upper edges of the	rhombic plates, until the hexagonal walls are
	1807.302	in position to the planes of the	rhombic basal plates of future cells. But the
	1831.638	the hexagonal prisms and of the basal	rhombic plates. The motive power of the process
5			rhombs
	1767.807	join on to a pyramid, formed of three	rhombs. These rhombs have certain angles, and
	1767.821	pyramid, formed of three rhombs. These	rhombs have certain angles, and the three
	1779.127	by pyramidal bases formed of three	rhombs; and the rhombs and the sides of the
	1779.143	bases formed of three rhombs; and the	rhombs and the sides of the hexagonal prisms
	1795.415	for I have noticed half-completed	rhombs at the base of a just-commenced cell
1			rhone
	5282.71	French Alps, the Rivers Loire, Seine,	Rhone, and Garonne, Dauphine, Provence, and
1			rhythm
	1657.761	one action follows another by a sort of	rhythm; if a person be interrupted in a song
1			ribston-pippin
	423.429	that the several sorts, for instance a	Ribston-pippin or Codlin-apple, could ever have
1			ricardo's
	5934.0	New Edition. Woodcuts, Post 8vo. 5s.	RICARDO'S (DAVID) Political Works, With a Notice
1			ricardos
	5676.40	McCULLOCHS (J. R.) Collected Edition of	Ricardos Political Works. With Notes and Memoir
9			richard
	3095.1467	the proper type of the order, yet M.	Richard sagaciously saw, as Jussieu observes
	4354.33	Rhododendron, sterility of, 251.	Richard, Prof., on Aspicarpa, 417. Richardson
	5124.120	German. By J. E. TAYLOR. Illustrated by	RICHARD DOYLE. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo
	5157.8	Review." Fcap. 8vo. 1s. FORD'S (	RICHARD) Handbook for Spain, Andalusia, Ronda
	5163.45	Plantagenets and the Tudors. V. Sir	Richard Steele. III. The Civil Wars and Oliver
	5466.26	F. B. HEAD. GATHERINGS FROM SPAIN. By	RICHARD FORD. SIEGES OF VIENNA BY THE TURKS
	5708.64	Angler, and the Miseries of Fishing. By	RICHARD PESTN. New Edition. Woodcuts. 12mo. 1s
	5884.8	Vols. 8vo. 9s. each. PENN'S (	RICHARD) Maxims and Hints for an Angler, and
	6066.105	From the German. With Illustrations by	RICHARD DOYLE. Second Edition. Woodcuts. Fcap
3			richardson
	1450.149	flattened, and from others, as Sir J.	Richardson has remarked, with the posterior part
	2831.435	to any other part of the world." Sir J.	Richardson, also, speaks of the reappearance on
	4354.68	Richard, Prof., on Aspicarpa, 417.	Richardson, Sir J., on structure of squirrels
3			richest
	2221.390	the long roll of years! Now turn to our	richest geological museums, and what a paltry
	2307.1132	The Malay Archipelago is one of the	richest regions of the [page] 300 IMPERFECTION
	2339.401	the tertiary series. And now one of the	richest known accumulations of fossil mammals
2			richness
	2960.99	namely, the scarcity of kinds—the	richness in endemic forms in particular classes
	3173.1069	instead of by a single one; but such	richness in species, as I find after some
7			ridge
	1789.98	of wax, a thin and narrow, knife-edged	ridge, coloured with vermilion. The bees
	1789.250	in the same way as before; but the	ridge of wax was so thin, that the bottoms of
	1793.343	the basins on the opposite sides of the	ridge of wax. In parts, only little bits, in
	1793.642	same rate on the opposite sides of the	ridge of vermilion wax, as they circularly
	1801.27	flatten it. From the experiment of the	ridge of vermilion wax, we can clearly see
	1807.730	masons first to pile up a broad	ridge of cement, and then to begin cutting it
	1807.968	fresh cement, on the summit of the	ridge. We shall thus have a thin wall
1			ridicule
	2596.19	IN SAME AREAS. It may be asked in	ridicule, whether I suppose that the megatherium
21			right
	100.4	MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1859. The	right of Translation is reserved. [page iv
	343.1505	I shall presently give, we have no	right to expect often to meet with generic
	908.654	all the individuals varying in the	right direction, though in different degrees
	1197.780	in an allied manner: we see this in the	right and left sides of the body varying in
	1414.8	be still more sharply defined. If I am	right in believing that allied or
	1510.319	inference be presumptuous? Have we any	right to assume that the Creator works by
	1944.820	freely in confinement, we have no	right to expect that the first crosses
	2104.429	For instance, I think those authors are	right, who maintain that the ass has a
	2325.68	of truth in these remarks, we have no	right to expect to find in our geological
	2351.1304	have spread widely. Nor have we any	right to suppose that the seas of the world
	2379.771	areas of elevation. But have we any	right to assume that things have thus
	2506.278	world; but we are far from having any	right to conclude that this has invariably
	2542.348	in a very broken condition, we have no	right to expect, except in very rare cases
	2542.504	families or orders. All that we have a	right to expect, is that those groups, which
	2564.898	of specific forms, as we have a just	right to expect to find. On the state of
	3063.931	including the next two genera on the	right hand, which diverged from a common
	3063.1158	the three genera still further to the	right hand, which diverged at a still earlier
	3400.408	we should remember that we have no	right to expect (excepting in rare cases) to
	3404.350	closely allied species, we have no just	right to expect often to find intermediate
	4822.20	Post 8vo. 7s. 6d. ——— Lectures on the	Right Use of the Early Fathers. Second
	5880.73	in MSS. Edited by EARL STANHOPE and the	Right Hon. EDWARD CARDWELL. 2 Vols. Post 8vo
2			rightly
	552.973	But to discuss whether they are	rightly called species or varieties, before any
	2604.72	nature of the geological record, will	rightly reject my whole theory. For he may ask
2			rights
	1731.1138	and tended the larvæ, and put all to	rights. What can be more extraordinary than
	4830.120	to the BRITISH CONSTITUTION and the	RIGHTS OF PERSONS. By R. MALCOLM KERR,, LLD
2			rigid
	1285.8	CHAP. V. LAWS OF VARIATION. is less	rigid in its action than ordinary selection
	1293.1298	to sexual selection being less	rigid than ordinary selection,—and to
3			rigidly
	770.303	in the least degree injurious would be	rigidly destroyed. This preservation of
	784.1032	struggle for the females. He does not	rigidly destroy all inferior animals, but
	3448.503	this power, acting during long ages and	rigidly scrutinising the whole constitution
3			rigorous
	810.1183	there would be simultaneously the most	rigorous selection of the young birds within the
	816.316	Sexual selection is, therefore, less	rigorous than natural selection. Generally, the
	1689.1735	but they have been acted on by far less	rigorous selection, and have been transmitted
1			rigour
	747.525	so far, that they are destroyed by the	rigour of the climate alone. Not until we
2			rings
	711.616	and one of them, judging from the	rings of growth, had during twenty-six years
	2707.1347	are now marked, as I believe, by	rings of coral or atolls standing over them
2			ripa's
	5436.7	FRANCIS DRAKE. By JOHN BARROW. FATHER	RIPA'S MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF CHINA A
	5938.0	New Edition. 8vo. 16s. [page] 28	RIPA'S (FATHER) Memoirs during Thirteen Years
4			rises
	499.1182	period than at another, as the breed	rises or falls in fashion,—perhaps more in
	2869.771	higher on the shores where the tide	rises highest, so have the living waters left
	3251.50	in the course of development generally	rises in organisation: I use this expression
	3307.396	not early period. Embryology	rises greatly in interest, when we thus look
11			rising
	1398.482	the bed of the sea is stationary or is	rising, or when very little sediment is being
	1464.333	now glide far through the air, slightly	rising and turning by the aid of their
	2241.711	reflection will explain why along the	rising coast of the western side of South
	2241.1149	are brought up by the slow and gradual	rising of the land within the grinding action
	2315.360	the area would be either stationary or	rising; whilst rising, each fossiliferous
	2315.375	be either stationary or rising; whilst	rising, each fossiliferous formation would be
	2502.316	bed of the sea was either stationary or	rising, and likewise when sediment was not
	2869.728	its drift in horizontal lines, though	rising higher on the shores where the tide
	2869.878	our mountain-summits, in a line gently	rising from the arctic lowlands to a great
	2910.87	is first formed, for instance, on a	rising islet, it will be unoccupied; and a
	3538.553	confidence to the future, to young and	rising naturalists, who will be able to view
1			rivalled
	429.283	teazle, with its hooks, which cannot be	rivalled by any mechanical contrivance, is only
1			rivalry
	822.35	believe that there is the severest	rivalry between the males of many species to
1			rivals
	3680.19	Bee, sting of, 202. ——, queen, killing	rivals, 202. Bees fertilising flowers
7			river
	2199.605	is deposited by the great Mississippi	river at the rate of only 600 feet in a
	5074.30	vo. 30s. EDWARDS (W. H.) Voyage up the	River Amazon, including a Visit to Para. Post
	5134.84	Slave States of North America, from the	River Potomac, to Texas and the Frontiers of
	5476.16	By REV. G. R. GLEIG. A VOYAGE UP THE	RIVER AMAZON. By W. H. EDWARDS. THE WAYSIDE
	5630.256	thence across the Continent, down the	River Zambesi, to the Eastern Ocean
	5706.148	of Peru, and descending the great	River Maranon. 8vo. 12s. MAXIMS AND HINTS
	6138.57	up the Indus to the Source of the	River Oxus, by Kabul and Badakhshan. Map. 8vo
7			rivers
	2637.926	forests, marshes, lakes, and great	rivers, under almost every temperature. There
	2649.88	deserts, and sometimes even of large	rivers, we find different productions; though
	2886.625	in the level of the land, having caused	rivers to flow into each other. Instances
	4788.57	Narrative of an Exploring Voyage up the	Rivers Quorra and Tshadda in 1854. Map. 8vo
	5052.86	of Military Bridges, and the Passage of	Rivers in Military Operations. Third Edition
	5282.50	Brittany, the French Alps, the	Rivers Loire, Seine, Rhone, and Garonne
	5896.4	to. Part I., 20s. -Part II., 30s. ———	Rivers, Mountains, and Sea Coast of Yorkshire
3			river-systems
	2880.13	and present chapters. AS lakes and	river-systems are separated from each other by
	2886.183	widely and almost capriciously; for two	river-systems will have some fish in common and some
	2886.1084	from an early period must have parted	river-systems and completely prevented their
1			riviera
	5290.45	ITALYFlorence, Sardinia, Genoa, the	Riviera, Venice, Lombardy, and Tuscany. Map
1			rivulet
	2892.1633	would be sure to alight on a pool or	rivulet, if blown across sea to an oceanic
17			robert
	3081.1148	suffice to quote the highest authority,	Robert Brown, who in speaking of certain
	3087.410	between Ruminants and Pachyderms.	Robert Brown has strongly insisted on the fact
	3725.7	duration of specific forms, 293. Brown,	Robert, on classification, 414. Buckman on
	4894.58	Oliver Cromwell. Select Biographies. By	ROBERT SOUTHEY. Post 8V0. 2s. 6d. BUONAPARTES
	4906.7	Third Edition. Crown 8vo. 15s. BURNS (	ROBERT) Life. By JOHN GIBSON LOCKHART. Fifth
	4994.14	Vols. Post 8vo. 12s. CURZONS (HON.	ROBERT) Visits to the Monasteries of the
	5028.38	CROMWELL (OLIVER) and John Bunyan. By	ROBERT SOUTHEY. Post 8vo. 2s. 6d. CROWES (J
	5173.11	and Maps. 3 Vols. 8vo. 45s. FORTUNE'S (	ROBERT) Narrative of Two Yisits to China
	5206.20	Post Svo. 5s. —— Narrative of Sir	Robert Sale's Brigade in Afghanistan, with an
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	5430.34	OLIVER CROMWELL & JOHN BUNYAN. By	ROBERT SOUTHEY. NEW SOUTH WALES. By MRS
	5636.11	Edition. Post 8vo. 2s. 6d. ———Life of	Robert Burns. Fifth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 3s
	5902.82	Literary and Unpublished Diaries of	Robert Plumer Ward. Portrait. 2 Vols. 8vo. 28s
	5960.9	Edition. Post 8vo. 12s. ——— (SIR	ROBERT) Brigade in Afghanistan. With an
	6026.11	vo. 4s. 6d. [page] 30 SOUTHEY'S (	ROBERT) Book of the Church; with Notes
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1			roberton
	4832.8	KERR,, LLD. Post 8vo. 9s. BLAINE (	ROBERTON) on the Laws of Artistic Copyright and
1			robertson's
	5940.0	By FORTUNATO PRANDI. Post 8vo. 2s. 6d.	ROBERTSON'S (REV. J. C.) History of the Christian
3			robinia
	2014.370	for Thouin found that three species of	Robinia, which seeded freely on their own roots
	4317.0	certain coloured animals, 12.	ROBINIA, Poison, similar effect of, on animals
	4356.0	fishes of the southern hemisphere, 376.	Robinia, grafts of, 262. [page] 500 INDEX
1			robinson's
	5944.0	of Worms. A.D. 1123. Vol. 2. 8vo. 18s.	ROBINSON'S (REV. DR.) Biblical Researches in the
1			robson
	5998.47	Latin Dictionary. Assisted by JOHN	ROBSON, B.A. 8vo. and 12mo. [In preparation
26			rock-pigeon
	389.173	that all have descended from the	rock-pigeon (Columba livia), including under this
	389.540	and have not proceeded from the	rock-pigeon, they must have descended from at least
	389.1565	to be exterminated; and the common	rock-pigeon, which has the same habits with the
	393.169	species having similar habits with the	rock-pigeon seems to me a very rash assumption
	393.493	though the dovecot-pigeon, which is the	rock-pigeon in a very slightly altered state, has
	395.246	parts of their structure, with the wild	rock-pigeon, yet are certainly highly abnormal in
	399.81	pigeons well deserve consideration. The	rock-pigeon is of a slaty-blue, and has a white
	399.1317	white-edged tail-feathers, as any wild	rock-pigeon! We can understand these facts, on the
	399.1478	domestic breeds have descended from the	rock-pigeon. But if we deny this, we must make one
	399.1681	were coloured and marked like the	rock-pigeon, although no other existing species is
	403.117	of generations, been crossed by the	rock-pigeon: I say within a dozen or twenty
	411.300	so like in most other respects to the	rock-pigeon; the blue colour and various marks
	413.66	may add, firstly, that C. livia, or the	rock-pigeon, has been found capable of
	413.357	in certain characters from the	rock-pigeon, yet by comparing the several sub
	467.202	and come to differ so greatly from the	rock-pigeon. Youatt gives an excellent
	1297.476	not possessed by the aboriginal	rock-pigeon; these then are analogous variations in
	1303.158	marks are characteristic of the parent	rock-pigeon, I presume that no one will doubt that
	1315.50	for instance, we did not know that the	rock-pigeon was not feather-footed or turn-crowned
	2149.587	pigeons have both descended from the	rock-pigeon; if we possessed all the intermediate
	2149.734	close series between both and the	rock-pigeon; but we should have no varieties
	2153.70	of their structure with that of the	rock-pigeon, whether they had descended from this
	2420.763	our present fantail; but if the parent	rock-pigeon were also destroyed, and in nature we
	2556.756	of their disappearance; for the parent	rock-pigeon now lives; and many varieties between
	2556.810	lives; and many varieties between the	rock-pigeon and the carrier have become extinct
	3281.137	differed from the young of the wild	rock-pigeon and of the other breeds, in all its
	3476.1032	have descended from the blue and barred	rock-pigeon! On the ordinary view of each species
2			rock-pigeons
	389.916	aboriginal stocks must all have been	rock-pigeons, that is, not breeding or willingly
	389.1076	only two or three other species of	rock-pigeons are known; and these have not any of
18			rocks
	2165.1104	watch the sea at work grinding down old	rocks and making fresh sediment, before he
	2167.78	coast, when formed of moderately hard	rocks, and mark the [page] 283 CHAP. IX
	2199.380	So that the lofty pile of sedimentary	rocks in Britain, gives but an inadequate
	2207.424	such prodigious movements; the pile of	rocks on the one or other side having been
	2213.26	CHAP. IX. oneself the great dome of	rocks which must have covered up the Weald
	2213.382	geologists suppose, a range of older	rocks underlies the Weald, on the flanks of
	2227.1262	family of sessile cirripedes) coat the	rocks all over the world in infinite numbers
	2313.304	of those which lived on naked submarine	rocks, would be embedded; and those embedded
	2359.277	in the lowest known fossiliferous	rocks. Most of the arguments which have
	2367.779	matter in some of the lowest azoic	rocks, probably indicates the former
	2379.1859	in South America, of bare metamorphic	rocks, which [page] 310 IMPERFECTION OF THE
	2711.1131	old fossiliferous or other such	rocks, instead of consisting of mere piles of
	2743.946	large fragments of granite and other	rocks, which do not occur in the archipelago
	2759.827	United States, erratic boulders, and	rocks scored by drifted icebergs and coast
	3834.12	Denudation, rate of, 285. ——of oldest	rocks, 308. Development of ancient forms
	4178.48	domestica, 225. Metamorphism of oldest	rocks 308. Mice destroying bees
	4227.30	Nodules, phosphatic, in azoic	rocks, 307, PEAR. O. Oak, varieties of
	5766.41	Siluria; or, a History of the Oldest	Rocks containing Organic Remains. Third
1			rock-thrush
	822.116	to attract by singing the females. The	rock-thrush of Guiana, birds of Paradise, and some
6			rocky
	2171.778	we follow for a few miles any line of	rocky cliff, which is undergoing degradation
	2173.136	impressed with the slowness with which	rocky coasts are worn away. The observations
	2205.218	showed at a glance how far the hard,	rocky beds had once extended into the open
	2743.1054	that icebergs formerly landed their	rocky burthens on the shores of these mid
	2811.287	have, also, been noticed on the	Rocky Mountains. In the Cordillera of
	5956.110	Tribes and Animals of the Prairies and	Rocky Mountains. Post 8vo. 6s. SALE'S (LADY
4			rodent
	1002.760	our carnivorous, ruminant, and	rodent mammals, could successfully compete
	1159.272	In South America, a burrowing	rodent, the tuco-tuco, or Ctenomys, is even
	1183.632	have a far wider range than any other	rodent, living free under the cold climate of
	3179.1635	adapted to habits like those of a	Rodent. The elder De Candolle has made nearly
12			rodents
	1159.40	The eyes of moles and of some burrowing	rodents are rudimentary in size, and in some
	1450.989	vegetation change, let other competing	rodents or new beasts of prey immigrate, or old
	2657.1142	and belonging to the same order of	Rodents, but they plainly display an American
	2657.1388	musk-rat, but the coypu and capybara,	rodents of the American type. Innumerable other
	3000.721	America, Alpine humming-birds, Alpine	rodents, Alpine plants, &c., all of strictly
	3179.180	according to Mr. Waterhouse, of all	Rodents, the bizcacha is most nearly related to
	3179.578	we must suppose either that all	Rodents, including the bizcacha, branched off
	3179.772	all existing Marsupials; or that both	Rodents and Marsupials branched off from a
	3179.1061	its ancient progenitor than have other	Rodents; and therefore it will not be specially
	3179.1460	one species, but the general order of	Rodents. In this case, however, it may be
	4360.0	grafts of, 262. [page] 500 INDEX.	RODENTS. Rodents, blind, 137. Rudimentary
	4362.0	of, 262. [page] 500 INDEX. RODENTS.	Rodents, blind, 137. Rudimentary organs
1			roderick
	5764.16	vo. 6s. [page] 25 MUKCHISONS (SIB	RODERICK) Russia in Europe and the Ural
1			rogues
	443.732	over their seed-beds, and pull up the "	rogues," as they call the plants that deviate
1			roguing
	455.217	and this may be compared to the "	roguing" of plants by nurserymen. The principle
2			rolled
	2171.443	atom, until reduced in size they can be	rolled about by the waves, and then are more
	2171.713	are abraded and how seldom they are	rolled about! Moreover, if we follow for a few
1			rollin
	1339.83	the several species of the horse-genus.	Rollin asserts, that the common mule from the
14			roman
	455.382	rules are laid down by some of the	Roman classical writers. From passages in
	4812.86	Porcelain: Egyptian, Assyrian, Greek,	Roman, and Etruscan. With 200 Illustrations
	4866.32	s. GIBBONS DECLINE AND FALL OF THE	ROMAN EMPIRE.Edited by WILLIAM SMITH, LL.D
	5122.101	Theological parts of his Book of the	Roman Catholic Church; with Remarks on
	5189.42	S (EDWARD) Decline and Fall of the	Roman Empire. A New Edition. Preceded by his
	5694.60	Greece. From the Earliest Times of the	Roman Conquest. With the History of
	5728.102	to the Extinction of Paganism in the	Roman Empire. 3 Vols. 8vo. 36s. ———History
	5900.101	Theological parts of his "Book of the	Roman Catholic Church;" with Remarks on
	5978.45	S (WM., LL.D.) Dictionary of Greek and	Roman Antiquities. Second Edition. With
	5982.53	LL.D.) Smaller Dictionary of Greek and	Roman Antiquities. Abridged from the above
	5984.28	s. 6d. ——— Dictionary of Greek and	Roman Biography and Mythology. With
	5986.28	s. 6d. ——— Dictionary of Greek and	Roman Geography. With Woodcuts. 2 Vols. 8vo
	6004.52	History of the Decline and Fall of the	Roman Empire. Edited, with Notes. Portrait
	6008.54	Greece; from the Earliest Times to the	Roman Conquest. With the History of
5			romans
	417.52	previous dynasty. In the time of the	Romans, as we hear from Pliny, immense prices
	417.625	as eager about pigeons as were the old	Romans. The paramount importance of these
	5106.35	s. ——— From the First Invasion by the	Romans, down to the 14th year of Queen
	5540.90	to the Thessalonians, Galatians, and	Romans. With Notes and Dissertations. Second
	5688.67	England. From the First Invasion by the	Romans, down to the fourteenth year of Queen
2			romantic
	5554.71	of the Alps; a Tour through all the	Romantic and less frequented "Vals" of Northern
	5634.58	Ancient Spanish Ballads. Historical and	Romantic, Translated, with Notes. Illustrated
1			romany
	4840.4	Portrait. 3 Vols. Post 8vo. 30s. ———	Romany Eye; a Sequel to Lavengro. Second
1			romeand
	5294.3	PAPAL STATES. Map. Post 8vo. 7s. ——	ROMEAND ITS ENVIRONS. Map. Post 8vo. 9s
1			romilly's
	5948.0	may be had separately. 8vo. 15s.	ROMILLY'S (SIR SAMUEL) Memoirs and Political
2			ronda
	5157.48	RICHARD) Handbook for Spain, Andalusia,	Ronda, Valencia, Catalonia, Granada, Gallicia
	5284.19	Post Svo. 10s. —— SPAINAndalusia,	Ronda, Granada, Valencia, Catalonia, Gallicia
1			roost
	1885.582	North America, build "cock-nests," to	roost in, like the males of our distinct
1			roosting
	2966.689	on and adhere to the feet of birds	roosting on the ground, and thus get transported
1			root-bearing
	2285.1145	feet thick in Nova Scotia, with ancient	root-bearing strata, one above the other, at no less
7			roots
	1297.1065	variation, in the enlarged stems, or	roots as commonly called, of the Swedish
	2014.412	which seeded freely on their own	roots, and which could be grafted with no
	2014.657	as much fruit as when on their own	roots. We are reminded by this latter fact of
	2729.40	stones for their tools, solely from the	roots of drifted trees, these stones being a
	2729.184	shaped stones are embedded in the	roots of trees, small parcels of earth are
	3873.16	rudimentary, 454. Earth, seeds in	roots of trees, 361. Eciton, 238. Economy of
	5560.23	mo. 2s. KNAPPS (J. A.) English	Roots and Ramifications; or, the Derivation
1			ross's
	5950.0	Portrait. 2 Vols. Fcap. 8vo. 12s.	ROSS'S (SIR JAMES) Voyage of Discovery and
2			rotation
	988.801	find that they can raise most food by a	rotation of plants belonging to the most
	988.909	what may be called a simultaneous	rotation. Most of the animals and plants which
6			rough
	1801.463	the edge of a growing comb, do make a	rough, circumferential wall or rim all round
	1803.409	suppose that the bees cannot build up a	rough wall of wax in the proper [page
	1807.348	basal plates of future cells. But the	rough wall of wax has in every case to be
	1807.522	is curious; they always make the first	rough wall from ten to twenty times thicker
	1815.883	down under certain circumstances a	rough wall in its proper place between two
	5346.21	vo. 18s. HEAD'S (SIR FRANCIS)	Rough Notes of some Rapid Journeys across the
28			round
	84.0	DURING H.M.S. BEAGLE'S VOYAGE	ROUND THE WORLD.' LONDON: JOHN MURRAY
	610.536	related to each other, and clustered	round certain forms—that is, round their
	610.565	clustered round certain forms—that is,	round their parent-species? Undoubtedly there
	622.530	together, forming little clusters	round certain species. Species very closely
	645.1033	that the birds which are idly singing	round us mostly live on insects or seeds, and
	816.1101	as fighting, bellowing, and whirling	round, like Indians in a war-dance, for the
	988.967	the animals and plants which live close	round any small piece of ground, could live
	1102.57	file, but seem rather to be clustered	round points, and these round other points
	1102.81	to be clustered round points, and these	round other points, and so on in almost
	1516.350	if we look to much-isolated species,	round which, according to my theory, there
	1689.749	by retrievers; and a tendency to run	round, instead of at, a flock of sheep, by
	1689.1458	gait; and another kind of wolf rushing	round, instead of at, a herd of deer, and
	1781.504	insects can make, apparently by turning	round on a fixed point. We must suppose the
	1801.502	rough, circumferential wall or rim all	round the comb; and they gnaw into this from
	1807.197	rude circumferential rim or wall of wax	round a growing comb, flexures may sometimes
	1813.419	into the growing edges of the cells all	round. The work of construction seems to be a
	2171.888	here and there, along a short length or	round a promontory, that the cliffs are at
	2205.32	worn by the waves and pared all	round into perpendicular cliffs of one or two
	2626.513	by the laws of variation still acting	round us, and preserved by Natural Selection
	2765.345	southward, are remarkably uniform	round the world. We may suppose that the
	2783.157	the arctic productions were as uniform	round the polar regions as they are at the
	2783.598	sub-arctic and northern temperate forms	round the world, at the commencement of the
	3331.685	planets revolve in elliptic courses	round the sun, satellites follow the same
	3331.734	sun, satellites follow the same course	round the planets, for the sake of symmetry
	3454.699	and they are clustered in little groups	round other species—in which respects they
	5034.118	the Countries visited during a Voyage	round the World. Post 8vo. 8s. 6d. DAVISS
	5324.54	LONDON. Including a Circle of 30 Miles	round St. Paul's. Maps. Post 8vo. (In
	5514.89	and the Holy Land, including a Journey	round the Dead Sea, and through the Country
3			rounded
	1767.547	making separate and very irregular	rounded cells of wax. At the other end of the
	2171.592	along the bases of retreating cliffs	rounded boulders, all thickly clothed by marine
	2173.501	yet, from being formed of worn and	rounded pebbles, each of which bears the stamp
23			royal
	82.14	BY CHARLES DARWIN, M.A., FELLOW OF THE	ROYAL, GEOLOGICAL, LINNAEAN, ETC., SOCIETIES
	2729.94	trees, these stones being a valuable	royal tax. I find on examination, that when
	4640.35	d. AGRICULTURAL (THE) JOURNAL. Of the	Royal Agricultural Society of England. 8vo
	4660.69	MADE AT GREENWICH. 1836 to 1847.	Royal 4to. 50s. each. ——— ASTRONOMICAL
	4684.23	Circle. 5s. II. Regulations of the	Royal Observatory. 2s. 1853.—Bessel's
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	5532.168	MR. CROKER. Third Edition. Portraits.	Royal 8vo. 15s. —— Lives of the most eminent
	5750.92	With Portrait and Vignette. One Volume.	Royal 8vo. 12s. MOZLEYS (REV. J. B
	5764.143	Maps, Plates, Sections, &c. 2 Vols.	Royal 4to. ——— Siluria; or, a History of the
	5840.25	vo. 48s. NAUTICAL ALMANACK (The).	Royal 8vo. 2s. 6d. (Published by Authority
	5968.148	the Salmon. Second Edition. Woodcuts.	Royal 8vo. 31s. 6d. ——— (G. P.) Memoir of
	6070.118	the Pages backwards and forwards.	Royal 8vo. 2s. [page] 31 TICKNOR'S (GEORGE
	6142.133	F.S.A. New Edition. With 600 Woodcuts.	Royal 8vo. 28s. —— King Edward Vlth's Latin
1			rubus
	538.355	and which as varieties. We may instance	Rubus, Rosa, and Hieracium amongst plants
7			rudiment
	1231.932	of the head is reduced to the merest	rudiment attached to the bases of the prehensile
	1309.759	observe a mere tendency to produce a	rudiment inherited: for instance, in the common
	1309.834	the common snapdragon (Antirrhinum) a	rudiment of a fifth stamen so often appears
	3315.984	sexes, the male flowers often have a	rudiment of a pistil; and Kölreuter found that
	3315.1095	with an hermaphrodite species, the	rudiment of the pistil in the hybrid offspring
	3315.1194	in size; and this shows that the	rudiment and the perfect pistil are essentially
	3323.663	antirrhinum) we generally do not find a	rudiment of a fifth stamen; but this may
91			rudimentary
	152.229	growth — False correlations — Multiple,	rudimentary, and lowly organised structures
	206.12	BEINGS: MORPHOLOGY: EMBRYOLOGY:	RUDIMENTARY ORGANS. CLASSIFICATION, groups
	208.567	inherited at a corresponding age —	RUDIMENTARY ORGANS; their origin explained
	846.623	a small quantity of pollen, and a	rudimentary pistil; other holly-trees bear only
	1117.217	of growth—False correlations—Multiple,	rudimentary, and lowly organised structures
	1147.399	other genera they are present, but in a	rudimentary condition. In the Ateuchus or sacred
	1147.690	anterior tarsi in Ateuchus, and their	rudimentary condition in some other genera, by the
	1159.52	moles and of some burrowing rodents are	rudimentary in size, and in some cases are quite
	1239.0	solely through and for its advantage.	Rudimentary parts, it has been stated by some
	1239.161	have to recur to the general subject of	rudimentary and aborted organs; and I will here
	1243.0	page] 150 LAWS OF VARIATION. CHAP. V.	rudimentary parts are left to the free play of the
	1257.713	then be said to have degenerated. In	rudimentary organs, and in those which have been
	1309.628	generations, than in quite useless or	rudimentary organs being, as we all know them to be
	1357.1139	and are higher in the scale.	Rudimentary organs, from being useless, will be
	1486.1003	upland goose may be said to have become	rudimentary in function, though not in structure
	1863.242	the smaller workers have their ocelli	rudimentary. Having carefully dissected several
	1863.358	I can affirm that the eyes are far more	rudimentary in the smaller workers than can be
	2936.606	having as useless an appendage as any	rudimentary organ,—for instance, as the shrivelled
	3053.24	BEINGS: MORPHOLOGY: EMBRYOLOGY:	RUDIMENTARY ORGANS. CLASSIFICATION, groups
	3087.28	of beings. Again, no one will say that	rudimentary or atrophied organs are of high
	3087.222	No one will dispute that the	rudimentary teeth in the upper jaws of young
	3087.290	jaws of young ruminants, and certain	rudimentary bones of the leg, are highly
	3087.466	strongly insisted on the fact that the	rudimentary florets are of the highest importance
	3147.996	each species has been recently exposed.	Rudimentary structures on this view are as good as
	3197.1174	others; why we are permitted to use	rudimentary and useless organs, or others of
	3303.11	modification having super- [page] 450	RUDIMENTARY ORGANS. CHAP. XIII. vened at a very
	3309.0	form of each great class of animals.	Rudimentary, atrophied, or aborted organs.—Organs
	3309.172	common throughout nature. For instance,	rudimentary mammæ are very general in the males of
	3309.316	be safely considered as a digit in a	rudimentary state: in very many snakes one lobe of
	3309.380	many snakes one lobe of the lungs is	rudimentary; in other snakes there are rudiments of
	3309.480	and hind limbs. Some of the cases of	rudimentary organs are extremely curious; for
	3311.23	can be detected [page] 451 CHAP. XIII.	RUDIMENTARY ORGANS. in the beaks of certain
	3315.15	soldered together! The meaning of	rudimentary organs is often quite unmistakeable
	3315.349	that the rudiments represent wings.	Rudimentary organs sometimes retain their
	3315.669	are normally four developed and two	rudimentary teats in the udders of the genus Bos
	3317.46	serving for two purposes, may become	rudimentary or utterly aborted for one, even the
	3319.11	pistil consists of a stigma [page] 452	RUDIMENTARY ORGANS. CHAP. XIII. supported on the
	3321.132	have a pistil, which is in a	rudimentary state, for it is not crowned with a
	3321.373	anthers. Again, an organ may become	rudimentary for its proper purpose, and be used for
	3321.489	fish the swim-bladder seems to be	rudimentary for its proper function of giving
	3323.0	similar instances could be given.	Rudimentary organs in the individuals of the same
	3323.220	which the same organ has been rendered	rudimentary occasionally differs much. This latter
	3323.361	of the female moths in certain groups.	Rudimentary organs may be utterly aborted; and this
	3325.29	It is an important fact that	rudimentary organs, such as teeth in the upper jaws
	3327.23	a universal [page] 453 CHAP. XIII.	RUDIMENTARY ORGANS. rule, that a rudimentary part
	3329.13	XIII. RUDIMENTARY ORGANS. rule, that a	rudimentary part or organ is of greater size
	3329.170	the organ at this early age is less	rudimentary, or even cannot be said to be in any
	3329.226	even cannot be said to be in any degree	rudimentary. Hence, also, a rudimentary organ in
	3329.254	any degree rudimentary. Hence, also, a	rudimentary organ in the adult, is often said to
	3331.51	given the leading facts with respect to	rudimentary organs. In reflecting on them, every
	3331.304	us with equal plainness that these	rudimentary or atrophied organs, are imperfect and
	3331.392	useless. In works on natural history	rudimentary organs are generally said to have been
	3331.870	accounts for the presence of	rudimentary organs, by supposing that they serve to
	3331.1169	Can we suppose that the formation of	rudimentary teeth which are subsequently absorbed
	3333.11	not from unknown laws [page] 454	RUDIMENTARY ORGANS. CHAP. XIII. of growth, but in
	3335.61	to excrete horny matter, as that the	rudimentary nails on the fin of the manatee were
	3337.55	with modification, the origin of	rudimentary organs is simple. We have plenty of
	3337.112	is simple. We have plenty of cases of	rudimentary organs in our domestic productions,—as
	3337.547	cases throw light on the origin of	rudimentary organs in a state of nature, further
	3337.871	various organs, until they have become	rudimentary,—as in the case of the eyes of animals
	3337.1358	until it was rendered harmless and	rudimentary. Any change in function, which can be
	3341.23	alone of its [page] 455 CHAP. XIII.	RUDIMENTARY ORGANS. former functions. An organ
	3343.524	understand the greater relative size of	rudimentary organs in the embryo, and their lesser
	3343.796	reason to believe to be possible) the	rudimentary part would tend to be wholly lost, and
	3343.1171	to cause the entire obliteration of a	rudimentary organ. As the presence of rudimentary
	3345.19	rudimentary organ. As the presence of	rudimentary organs is thus due to the tendency in
	3345.243	how it is that systematists have found	rudimentary parts as useful as, or even sometimes
	3345.351	parts of high physiological importance.	Rudimentary organs may be compared with the letters
	3345.636	that the existence of organs in a	rudimentary, imperfect, and useless condition, or
	3351.529	the most trifling importance, or, as in	rudimentary organs, of no importance; the wide
	3359.1019	of inheritance—the occurrence of	rudimentary organs and their final abortion
	3359.1224	of embryological characters and of	rudimentary organs in classification is
	3516.58	why characters derived from	rudimentary parts, though of no service to the
	3524.67	understand on this view the meaning of	rudimentary organs. But disuse and selection will
	3524.365	will not be much reduced or rendered	rudimentary at this early age. The calf, for
	3524.1313	said to have taken pains to reveal, by	rudimentary organs and by homologous structures
	3546.546	between existing orders. Organs in a	rudimentary condition plainly show that an early
	3560.209	morphology, adaptive characters,	rudimentary and aborted organs, &c., will cease to
	3566.892	kind which have long been inherited.	Rudimentary organs will speak infallibly with
	3872.4	drooping, in domestic animals, 11. ——,	rudimentary, 454. Earth, seeds in roots of trees
	4047.7	the antiquity of Egyptians, 18. Horns,	rudimentary, 454. Horse, fossil, in La Plata
	4168.7	of, 395. Malpighiaceæ, 417. Mammæ,	rudimentary, 451. Mammals, fossil, in secondary
	4170.39	Man, origin of races of, 199. Manatee,	rudimentary nails of, 454. Marsupials of Australia
	4211.7	Myrmica, eyes of, 240. N. Nails,	rudimentary, 453. Natural history, future progress
	4300.8	hawks, 362. —, young of, 445. Pistil,	rudimentary, 451. Plants, poisonous, not affecting
	4362.21	INDEX. RODENTS. Rodents, blind, 137.	Rudimentary organs, 450. Rudiments important for
	4460.3	of aquatic animals, 196. —,	rudimentary, 454. Tarsi deficient, 135. Tausch on
	4465.3	embryonic, traces of, in birds, 451. —,	rudimentary, in embryonic calf
	4509.4	U. Udders enlarged by use, 11. ——,	rudimentary, 451. Ulex, young leaves of
	4575.4	homologous with branchiæ, 191. ——,	rudimentary, in insects, 451. Wolf crossed with dog
	4596.7	on sub-breeds of sheep, 36. ——, on	rudimentary horns in young cattle, 454. Z. Zebra
11			rudiments
	1863.1226	the workers of Myrmica have not even	rudiments of ocelli, though the male and female
	3309.419	rudimentary; in other snakes there are	rudiments of the pelvis and hind limbs. Some of
	3309.776	even been stated on good authority that	rudiments of teeth can be detected [page
	3315.254	have full-sized wings, and another mere	rudiments of membrane; and here it is impossible
	3315.322	it is impossible to doubt, that the	rudiments represent wings. Rudimentary organs
	3315.870	the petals sometimes occur as mere	rudiments, and sometimes in a well-developed
	3323.872	than the use and discovery of	rudiments. This is well shown in the drawings
	3337.439	flower in the cauliflower. We often see	rudiments of various parts in monsters. But I
	3337.617	of nature, further than by showing that	rudiments can be produced; for I doubt whether
	4241.3	homologous, 434. —,	rudiments of, 450. Ornithorhynchus
	4362.46	blind, 137. Rudimentary organs, 450.	Rudiments important for classification, 416. S
4			rufescens
	1731.96	discovered in the Formica (Polyerges)	rufescens by Pierre Huber, a better observer even
	1755.222	sanguinea present with those of the F.	rufescens. The latter does not build its own nest
	1761.658	on its slaves as is the Formica	rufescens. Cell-making instinct of the Hive-Bee
	3935.30	intermittent, 290. Formica	rufescens, 219. —sanguinea, 219. —flava, neuter
3			ruins
	729.726	of trees now growing on the old Indian	ruins! The dependency of one organic being
	2759.365	suffered under an Arctic climate. The	ruins of a house burnt by fire do not tell
	5576.100	Researches and Discoveries amidst the	Ruins of Assyria. With an Account of the
24			rules
	186.174	of species follow the same general	rules in their appearance and disappearance
	208.68	to groups — Natural system —	Rules and difficulties in classification
	455.347	ancient Chinese encyclopædia. Explicit	rules are laid down by some of the Roman
	1964.18	LAWS OF STERILITY. circumstances and	rules governing the sterility of first
	1964.132	will be to see whether or not the	rules indicate that species have specially
	1964.298	in utter confusion. The following	rules and conclusions are chiefly drawn up
	1964.452	much pains to ascertain how far the	rules apply to animals, and considering how
	1964.602	to find how generally the same	rules apply to both kingdoms. It has been
	1988.23	a high degree. Several other singular	rules could be given from [page] 259 CHAP
	1994.24	pure parent. Considering the several	rules now given, which govern the fertility
	2000.34	Now do these complex and singular	rules indicate that species have been endowed
	2002.14	a strange arrangement. The foregoing	rules and facts, on the other hand, appear to
	2398.168	of species follow the same general	rules in their appearance and disappearance
	2400.45	now see whether the several facts and	rules relating to the geological succession
	2426.73	and families, follow the same general	rules in their appearance and disappearance
	3075.24	Let us now consider the	rules followed in classification, and the
	3117.18	CHAP. XIII. All the foregoing	rules and aids and difficulties in
	3135.516	of modification. Nearly the same	rules are followed in classifying varieties
	3147.630	only thus can I understand the several	rules and guides which have been followed by
	3197.1010	orders, &c., we can understand the	rules which we are compelled to follow in our
	3351.302	affinities into one grand system; the	rules followed and the difficulties
	3351.687	of true affinity; and other such	rules;—all naturally follow on the view of
	3566.599	may be called the plan of creation. The	rules for classifying will no doubt become
	5872.135	of Latin Versification, with Prefatory	Rules of Composition in Elegiac Metre. Third
1			ruminant
	1002.746	others have remarked, our carnivorous,	ruminant, and rodent mammals, could successfully
7			ruminants
	2514.951	existing groups. Cuvier ranked the	Ruminants and Pachyderms, as the two most
	2514.1199	pachyderms in the same sub-order with	ruminants: for example, he dissolves by fine
	2536.528	the same manner as has occurred with	ruminants and pachyderms. Yet he who objected to
	3087.267	teeth in the upper jaws of young	ruminants, and certain rudimentary bones of the
	3087.384	exhibiting the close affinity between	Ruminants and Pachyderms. Robert Brown has
	3325.95	teeth in the upper jaws of whales and	ruminants, can often be detected in the embryo
	4252.19	of La Plata, 319. —, on relations of	ruminants and pachyderms, 329. —, on fossil birds
1			rundells
	5952.0	Plates. 2 Vols.8vo. 36s.	RUNDELLS (MRS.) Domestic Cookery, founded on
5			running
	1675.431	immediately seemed, by its eager way of	running about, to be well aware what a rich
	2104.236	to prepotency in transmitting likeness	running more strongly in one sex than in the
	2351.959	known from south of the equator; and by	running through Pictet's Palæontology it will
	2717.1865	is 33 miles per diem (some currents	running at the rate of 60 miles [page
	3518.1050	having branchial slits and arteries	running in loops, like those in a fish which
2			runts
	375.835	large feet; some of the sub-breeds of	runts have very long necks, others very long
	3277.413	the wild stock, in pouters, fantails,	runts, barbs, dragons, carriers, and tumblers
1			rural
	5526.37	JESSE'S (EDWARD) Favorite Haunts and	Rural Studies; or Visits to Spots of Interest
2			rushing
	1689.1450	peculiar gait; and another kind of wolf	rushing round, instead of at, a herd of deer
	1749.545	or three individuals of F. fusca were	rushing about in the greatest agitation, and
15			russia
	737.677	under the most different climates! In	Russia the small Asiatic cockroach has
	2235.445	from Sir R. Murchison's great work on	Russia, what wide gaps there are in that
	2307.690	the Mediterranean, and from Britain to	Russia; and therefore equals all the
	2371.122	deposits over immense territories in	Russia and in North America, do not support
	2472.755	successive palæozoic formations of	Russia, Western Europe and North America, a
	4205.90	Murchison, Sir R., on the formations of	Russia, 289. ——, on azoic formations
	4960.50	SIR GEORGE) Commentaries on the War in	Russia and Germany, 1812-13. Plans. 8vo. 14s
	4972.44	CARL VON) Campaign of 1812, in	Russia. Translated from the German by LORD
	4996.52	ERZEROUM. A Year on the Frontiers of	Russia, Turkey, and Persia. Third Edition
	5094.24	Fcap. 8vo. 6d. ———.Campaign of 1812 in	Russia, from the German of General Carl Von
	5114.4	IN AMERICA. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d. ———	RUSSIA: or, Impressions of Manners and Society
	5764.26	page] 25 MUKCHISONS (SIB RODERICK)	Russia in Europe and the Ural Mountains
	5918.12	Vols. 8vo. 52s. 6d. PROGRESS OF	RUSSIA IN THE EAST. An Historical Summary
	5954.0	Edition. Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.	RUSSIA; A Memoir of the Remarkable Events
	6096.42	REV. R. L.) Domestic Scenes in	Russia during a Year's Residence, chiefly in
1			russian
	5744.16	Fcap. 8vo. 5s. MOLTKES (BARON)	Russian Campaigns on the Danube and the Passage
1			russiathe
	5316.4	and SWEDEN. Maps. Post 8vo. 15s. ———	RUSSIATHE BALTIC AND FINLAND. Maps. Post 8vo. 12s
1			ruthlessly
	1743.560	slave-making F. sanguinea. The latter	ruthlessly killed their small opponents, and
1			ruxton
	5484.31	GLEIG. ADVENTURES IN MEXICO. By G. F.	RUXTON. PORTUGAL AND GALLICIA. By LORD
1			ruxton's
	5956.0	d. (Published by Imperial Command.)	RUXTON'S (GEORGE F.) Travels in Mexico; with